Resource Allocation in a MAC with and without security via Game Theoretic Learning

In this paper a $K$-user fading multiple access channel with and without security constraints is studied. First we consider a F-MAC without the security constraints. Under the assumption of individual CSI of users, we propose the problem of power allocation as a stochastic game when the receiver sends an ACK or a NACK depending on whether it was able to decode the message or not. We have used Multiplicative weight no-regret algorithm to obtain a Coarse Correlated Equilibrium (CCE). Then we consider the case when the users can decode ACK/NACK of each other. In this scenario we provide an algorithm to maximize the weighted sum-utility of all the users and obtain a Pareto optimal point. PP is socially optimal but may be unfair to individual users. Next we consider the case where the users can cooperate with each other so as to disagree with the policy which will be unfair to individual user. We then obtain a Nash bargaining solution, which in addition to being Pareto optimal, is also fair to each user. Next we study a $K$-user fading multiple access wiretap Channel with CSI of Eve available to the users. We use the previous algorithms to obtain a CCE, PP and a NBS. Next we consider the case where each user does not know the CSI of Eve but only its distribution. In that case we use secrecy outage as the criterion for the receiver to send an ACK or a NACK. Here also we use the previous algorithms to obtain a CCE, PP or a NBS. Finally we show that our algorithms can be extended to the case where a user can transmit at different rates. At the end we provide a few examples to compute different solutions and compare them under different CSI scenarios.Comment: 27 pages, 12 figures. Part of the paper was presented in 2016 IEEE Information theory and applicaitons (ITA) Workshop, San Diego, USA in Feb. 2016. Submitted to journa

Relationship between incidence of Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) and Chlorophyll content in leaves of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

The present study on biochemical basis of resistance against Leucinodes orbonalis infestation was conducted during the year 2011-2012. The results revealed that highest chlorophyll-‘a’- content of 0.497 mg/gfw was recorded in the susceptible genotype SHB-1.The lowest amount of 0.319 and 0.381 mg/gfw was observed in the resistant genotypes Brinjal-85 and Local long respectively, which were significantly different from other evaluated genotypes. The chlorophyll ‘a’content was positively correlated with the brinjal shoot and fruit borer infestation. Thehighest chlorophyll -‘b’- content of 0.442 mg/gfw was recorded at 70 DAT (days after transplanting). The amount of chlorophyll -‘b’- varied significantly among the genotypes at different ages and decreased with the age of crop. The average highest amount of chlorophyll -‘b’- was estimated in the genotype SBH-1 which was significantly at par with hybrid SBH-2. The lowest chlorophyll -‘b’- content was recorded at 40 DAT in the genotype Brinjal-85 followed by Local Long. The lowest amount of total chlorophyll was estimated in the resistant variety as compared to susceptible therefore exhibiting lowest level of infestation

Organic farming: Present status, scope and prospects in northern India

Organic agriculture has emerged as an important priority area globally in view of the growing consciousness for safe and healthy food, long term sustainability and environmental concerns despite being contentious in history. Green revolution although paved way for developing countries in self-sufficiency of food but sustaining production against the limited natural resource base demands has shifted steadily from “resource degrading” chemical agriculture to “resource protective” organic agriculture. The essential concept remains the same, i.e., to go back to the arms of nature and take up organic farming to restore the loss. Organic farming emphasizes on rotating crops, managing pests, diversifying crops and livestock and improving the soil. The rainfed areas particularly north-eastern regions where least or no utilization of chemical inputs due to poor resources provides considerable opportunity for promotion of organic farming thereby reflecting its vast but unexplored scope. However, significant barriers like yield reduction, soil fertility enhancement, integration of livestock, marketing and policy etc., arise at both macroscopic and microscopic levels; making practically impossible the complete adoption of ‘pure organic farming’; rather some specific area can be diverted to organic farming and thus a blend of organic and other innovative farming systems is needed. Adoption of Integrated Green Revolution Farming can be possible to a large extent, where the basic trends of green revolution are retained with greater efficiency and closer compatibility to the environment. This review paper attempts to present the recent global and regional scenario of organic farming particularly highlighting the scope, prospects and constraints in the northern areas

Correlation of Pseudo Cholinesterase level with clinical assessment and outcome in organo phosphorus poisoning

INTRODUCTION: The organophosphorus compounds may be inhaled or ingested accidentally or intentionally, in industries, trade, agricultural fields or homes. The German chemist Gerhard Schrader is credited for the discovery of the general chemical structure of anticholinesterase OP compounds, and for the synthesis of the first commercialized OP insecticides. (Bladan, containing TEPP (Tetra ethyl pyrophosphate) as the active ingredient, and for one of the most known, parathion in 1944. Since then hundreds of OP compounds have been made and commercialized worldwide in a variety of formulations. Organophosphorus compounds are antiacetyl cholinesterases which exert their toxicity by interfering with the normal function of acetyl choline, an essential neuro transmitter throughout the autonomic and central nervous system. The manifestations of toxicity are a result of this effect, affecting the patients physiology. The anticholinesterase effects can be evidenced biochemically by suppression in the plasma levels of pseudocholinesterase (PChE) and of red cell cholinesterase (AChE). AIM AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To estimate Pseudo cholinesterase enzyme levels at the time of admission in acute organophosphorus poisoning. 2. To determine whether the Pseudo cholinesterase level has a diagnostic significance. 3. To assess whether the Pseudo cholinesterase levels correlate with the severity and outcome of organophosphorus poisoning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 patients with history and clinical features of organophosphorus poisoning admitted to the IMCU of Tirunelveli Medical College hospital between October 2009 to August 2010 were included in this study. Patients were selected irrespective of their age or sex. INCLUSION CRITERIA for the study were as follows: 1. Provisional diagnosis of organophosphorus poisoning in a patient irrespective of age / sex, based on history by attenders. This was substantiated by examination of the containers. 2. Clinical features suggestive of severe grade of organophosphorus poisoning with clinical evidence of respiratory insufficiency. EXCLUSION CRITERIA for the study as follows: 1. Patient with double insecticide / multiple poisoning with other drugs such as opioids, diazepam, barbiturate etc. 2. Patients with history of respiratory diseases like bronchial asthma, cardiac diseases, neuromuscular diseases like myasthenia graves or muscular dystrophy or other concomitant illness. OBSERVATION AND RESULTS: In this present study, the study subjects were analysed according to their demographic characteristics by computing the averages and compared by the test of significance students 't' tests. The study variables and attributes were correlated and associated by correlation coefficients and P2 (Chi-square) tests where ever applicable. The above statistical procedure were undertaken by statistical package S.P.S.S (13.0). The value of P < 0.05 was treated as significant. CONCLUSION: The present study on pseudo cholinesterase levels in organophosphorous poisoning patients was conducted in 100 patients admitted in Intensive Medical Care Unit of Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital. 1. We found in our study that the patients were predominantly males, between the age group of 20 to 40 years. There was significant association between the presence of nicotinic features or respiratory failure, atropine dose used and outcome of poisoning. 2. In majority of cases, we found suppression of Pseudo cholinesterase level at the time of admission to the hospital, which confirms the diagnosis of organophosphorus poisoning. However our study did not reveal any relation between • PChE levels and the time of presentation after poisoning. • PChE levels and respiratory insufficiency. • PChE levels and atropine dose used. • PChE levels and mortality

A critical insight into the identity authentication systems on smartphones

The advancement of computing power on mobile devices and their popularity among people in performing sensitive data exchange is uncovering an urgent need for a highly secure solution than the existing ones. The need for such a security solution persists that should be able to thwart not only the contemporary threats but also offer continued support without bowing down to progression in technology. Though some security solutions have been contemplated, a lack of standardised or absolute security solution which can provide a feasible and secure solution to mobile phones exists. In this paper, a survey based on various biometric and non-biometric access management schemes has been performed. The copious solutions put forward by researchers so far were discovered to fail in traits like user adaptability and efficiency. Each of the works put forward by various researchers has been single-handedly contemplated followed by analysis. Ultimately, open problems and challenges were inferences from the survey conducted

Metallosis and Nonunion: A Case Series and Literature Review

Metallosis, defined as the presence of free metal particles in the tissue, including bone and soft tissue, is a rare phenomenon seen in orthopedic practice. It is more commonly seen in arthroplasty surgeries, but its occurrence in the presence of other metal implants is also well recognized. Multiple hypotheses are suggested to explain the genesis of metallosis, but it is traditionally believed that abnormal contact between the metal surfaces leads to abrasive wear causing the release of metal particles into the surrounding tissue eliciting foreign body reactions from the body\u27s immune system. The consequences can be local effects, which can be asymptomatic soft tissue lesions, or lead to significant osteolysis, tissue necrosis, joint effusion, and large soft tissue masses, causing secondary pathological effects. The systemic distribution of these metal particles can also contribute to the clinical picture. The literature contains multiple case reports of metallosis following arthroplasty surgeries, but there is limited information on metallosis resulting from osteosynthesis of fractures. In this review, we are presenting our experience with a few patients who developed nonunion following the index surgeries and on revision were found to have metallosis as well. It is difficult to postulate whether metallosis was contributory to the nonunion or the other way around or whether the occurrence of nonunion in face of metallosis was a pure coincidence. Additionally, one of our patients had a positive intraoperative culture, further complicating the picture. In addition to the case series, we present a succinct review of the literature on metallosis found in previous studies

Characterization of Histone H3 Lysine 4 and 36 Tri-methylation in Brassica rapa L.

Covalent modifications of histone proteins act as epigenetic regulators of gene expression. We report the distribution of two active histone marks (H3K4me3 and H3K36me3) in 14-day leaves in two lines of Brassica rapa L. by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing. Both lines were enriched with H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 marks at the transcription start site, and the transcription level of a gene was associated with the level of H3K4me3 and H3K36me3. H3K4me3- and H3K36me3-marked genes showed low tissue-specific gene expression, and genes with both H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 had a high level of expression and were constitutively expressed. Bivalent active and repressive histone modifications such as H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 marks or antagonistic coexistence of H3K36me3 and H3K27me3 marks were observed in some genes. Expression may be susceptible to changes by abiotic and biotic stresses in genes having both H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 marks. We showed that the presence of H3K36me3 marks was associated with different gene expression levels or tissue specificity between paralogous paired genes, suggesting that H3K36me3 might be involved in subfunctionalization of the subgenomes