Do you park your car or pahk your cah\u27\u27?: The Changing Dialect of Southern New Hampshire

This article reports on a sociolinguistic study conducted in the summer of 2014 in which I interviewed native southern New Hampshire men and women, aged 18 to 89, listening for rhoticity (r variable) in their speech. I found that speakers younger than 60 years old are now exhibiting fully rhotic speech, which contrasts with the results of earlier studies.Possible motivations for the shift were also examined and compared with more recent studies on the r variable. I found in this study a correlation between the non-rhotic speech of many older speakers and small farming communities. The shift from non-rhotic to rhotic speech is partially related to a convergence with the standard rhotic dialect,heard in the larger communities of the younger generations, along with a divergence from the Boston dialect

Native American education between assimilation and self-determination - Schooling in tribal communities in the state of Arizona

The paper explores the situation of education of Native American students in Arizona, USA. This entails an attention to some historical and to current developments. Focusing on certain school types in tribal communities and on the understanding of education from a native perspective, the aim is to show the dichotomy between self-determination and assimilation in educational processes and the challenge for the tribes to find own forms of schooling to prepare the young generations for future developments that benefit them and their tribes. The four school types, which are presented in the ... text, the author investigated on the Hopi and the Navajo reservation and in a Tohono O\u27odham community in Arizona in 2006. The intention of the field study was to capture a range of current schooling possibilities. Therefore schools were chosen that present the common types of today\u27s native institutions as well as their use by different tribal communities. In addition to half-standardized interviews with teachers of the schools the method of open observation in classrooms and in community events as well as print media analysis were used. (DIPF/Orig.

The syntactic processing of particles in Japanese spoken language

Particles fullfill several distinct central roles in the Japanese language. They can mark arguments as well as adjuncts, can be functional or have semantic funtions. There is, however, no straightforward matching from particles to functions, as, e.g., GA can mark the subject, the object or an adjunct of a sentence. Particles can cooccur. Verbal arguments that could be identified by particles can be eliminated in the Japanese sentence. And finally, in spoken language particles are often omitted. A proper treatment of particles is thus necessary to make an analysis of Japanese sentences possible. Our treatment is based on an empirical investigation of 800 dialogues. We set up a type hierarchy of particles motivated by their subcategorizational and modificational behaviour. This type hierarchy is part of the Japanese syntax in VERBMOBIL.Comment: 8 page

Effect of Heat-Treatment Time on Bending Properties of Cobolt-Chromium Orthodontic Wires

Different protocols appear in the literature with respect to heat-treating cobalt-chromium orthodontic wires. The objective was to determine the effect of variable heat-treatment time and method on the bending properties of CoCr wires. Two tempers of CoCr ‘Elgiloy’ wires (Rocky Mountain Orthodontics), blue (B) and yellow (Y), were heat-treated for different durations. The groups (n=20/group/temper) included: 1) as-received (control); 2) brush-flame; 3) 480oC for 5sec; 4) 480oC for 10min; 5) 480oC for 2hr; and 6) 480oC for 5hr. Wire segments were tested by a three-point bend test. Stiffness/flexural modulus, percent recovery, and force values at select deflections were statistically compared using ANOVA/Bonferroni post-hoc test (p\u3c0.05). A T-test compared the different tempers. Longer heat-treatment (2hr/5hr) increased % recovery, flexural modulus, and force values when compared to the as-received counterparts. Heat treatment for 10 minutes resulted in intermediate increases. Using a brush-flame technique reduced elastic recovery and resulted in greater bending variability. Similar mechanical properties can be achieved in just 2 hours compared to the manufacturer recommended 5 hours of heat-treatment of Elgiloy wires. Ten minutes of heat-treatment, which may be more realistic in a busy orthodontic practice, can increase bending properties 50-75% compared to the 5-hour group. The brush-flame technique is not recommended due to inconsistent heating conditions resulting in varying bending properties

Developing a workbook for primary care nursing students

There is a continuing need to prepare a nursing workforce that is adaptable within a range of care settings. The faculty of health at Staffordshire University seconded a lecturer practitioner for a 12-month period to conduct an audit on primary care placements. Mentors were involved in the audit in order to include their views and opinions alongside those of students

The Security Pretext: An Examination of the Growth of Federal Police Agencies

Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, bureaucrats and special interest groups have been busy repackaging everything from peanut subsidies to steel protectionism under the rubric of "national security." Federal law enforcement agencies have also been expanding their power in the name of combating terrorism, whether or not such expansion has anything to do with enhancing security. One safeguard that exists to prevent such abuse is congressional oversight, but too many members of Congress are too often reluctant to challenge law enforcement officials. For freedom to prevail in the age of terrorism, three things are essential. First, government officials must take a sober look at the potential risk and recognize that there is no reason to panic and act rashly. Second, Congress must stop federal police agencies from acting arbitrarily. Before imposing costly and restrictive security measures that inconvenience thousands of people, police agencies ought to be required to produce cost-benefit analyses. Third, government officials must demonstrate courage rather than give in to their fears. Radical Islamic terrorists are not the first enemy that America has faced. British troops burned the White House in 1814, the Japanese navy launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, and the Soviet Union deployed hundreds of nuclear missiles that targeted American cities. If policymakers are serious about defending our freedom and our way of life, they must wage this war without discarding our traditional constitutional framework of limited government

Foliations associated to regular Poisson structures

A regular Poisson manifold can be described as a foliated space carrying a tangentially symplectic form. Examples of foliations are produced here that are not induced by any Poisson structure although all the basic obstructions vanish.Comment: 18 pages, postscript fil

What I make up when I wake up: anti-experience views and narrative fabrication of dreams

I propose a narrative fabrication thesis of dream reports, according to which dream reports are often not accurate representations of experiences that occur during sleep. I begin with an overview of anti-experience theses of Norman Malcolm and Daniel Dennett who reject the received view of dreams, that dreams are experiences we have during sleep which are reported upon waking. Although rejection of the first claim of the received view, that dreams are experiences that occur during sleep, is implausible, I evaluate in more detail the second assumption of the received view, that dream reports are generally accurate. I then propose a “narrative fabrication” view of dreams as an alternative to the received view. Dream reports are often confabulated or fabricated because of poor memory, bizarre dream content, and cognitive deficits. It is well documented that narratives can be altered between initial rapid eye movement sleep awakenings and subsequent reports. I argue that we have reason to suspect that initial reports are prone to inaccuracy. Experiments demonstrate that subjects rationalize strange elements in narratives, leaving out supernatural or bizarre components when reporting waking memories of stories. Inaccuracies in dream reports are exacerbated by rapid memory loss and bizarre dream content. Waking memory is a process of reconstruction and blending of elements, but unlike waking memory, we cannot reality-test for dream memories. Dream experiences involve imaginative elements, and dream content cannot be verified with external evidence. Some dreams may involve wake-like higher cognitive functions, such as lucid dreams. Such dreams are more likely to elicit accurate reports than cognitively deficient dreams. However, dream reports are generally less accurate than waking reports. I then propose methods which could verify the narrative fabrication view, and argue that although the theory cannot be tested with current methods, new techniques and technologies may be able to do so in the future