Artificial Intelligence and Law: Theoretical and Legal Features

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become one of the most transformative technological phenomena in the modern digital era. This article raises fundamental theoretical and legal issues related to the classification and regulation of artificial intelligence. This study aims to examine in depth the concept, characteristics, legal nature, scope of application, and regulatory framework of artificial intelligence from an information law perspective. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature approach and a legal approach (normative juridical), where data is obtained through a literature review of various scientific literature, laws and regulations, legal documents, and relevant academic articles. In this study, the author explores various approaches in defining the concept of AI, as well as examining its legal regulations in various jurisdictions. One important finding shows that artificial intelligence law can be categorized as a legal institution within the information law framework. In addition, the issue of legal responsibility for AI actions is an important highlight, considering that artificial intelligence can act autonomously but does not yet have a clear legal subject. This article also describes the use of AI in various fields such as health, transportation, and finance, considering each sector's specific characteristics. While the benefits offered, such as efficiency and automation, the article also highlights the potential risks inherent, including privacy violations and algorithmic bias. Overall, this research provides conceptual and normative insights into the legal challenges and opportunities in the development and application of AI

An assessment of landscape‐ecological stability in agricultural regions of Ural and West Siberia

Aim. An assessment and cartographical analysis of landscape‐ecological stability in agricultural regions of Ural and West Siberia, subjects of Asian Russia, using eight steppe areas as an example.Material and Methods. An assessment of landscape‐ecological stability through calculating the coefficient of the ecological stability of a landscape on the base of the conjugate analysis of 13 indicators grouped into two blocks – stable and unstable landscape components. Monitoring of the state of an agricultural area using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of crops on the base of Earth remote sensing.Results. Specific territorial features and inter‐regional relations were determined according to separate landscape components. A schematic map reflecting the state of ecological stability was formulated; it was shown that this rises the more easterly the location.Conclusion. The Tyumen region is distinguished by clearly expressed ecological stability, which is also well expressed in the Novosibirsk region. Most other regions are characterized by a conditionally stable state. The Orenburg region’s landscapes are in an unstable state. Arable lands are characterized by the most instability among unstable components of a landscape. The coefficient of landscape ecological stability (CESL) is tightly connected with the proportion of tillage in a region’s total area. It rises with the reduction of a tillage area in 74% of cases studied. Withdrawal from cultivation of unstable and degraded lands during the intensification of agriculture in highly fertile areas and transfer to fodder lands (including protected areas), which contribute to an increase in the proportion of stable landscape elements, can be considered as the main direction for increasing their stability and preserving biological diversity

Experimental Study of the Influence of Water Mass on the Process of Hydrate Formation by the Method of Explosive Boiling Using Freon 32

The paper presents a study of the effect of the ratio of water and hydrate-forming gas on the process of hydrate formation by explosive boiling of liquefied hydrate-forming gas in a volume of water. Freon 32 is used as a hydrate-forming gas, which has a high specific heat of vaporization, a lower density compared to water, and also forms a hydrate structure with sI. The studied gas looks particularly promising for gas hydrate cold accumulation technologies, as well as for modelling the processes of methane or carbon dioxide hydrate formation

Effect of SDS concentration on the process of hydrate formation by explosive boiling of liquefied freon 134a in water with SDS volume

This work is part of a comprehensive study of a method for obtaining gas hydrates, based on the explosive boiling of a liquefied hydrate-forming gas in a volume of water during pressure release. The method shows high efficiency and productivity. Freon 134a is used as a hydrate-forming gas. The paper presents the results of an experimental study on the effect of the concentration of the kinetic promoter sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the conversion of water into a gas hydrate state. The change in pressure and temperature in the process of hydroformation is shown

Droplet desorption modes at high heat flux

Nonisothermal droplet desorption of aqueous salt solution H2O/LiBr during nucleate boiling was studied experimentally. A droplet was placed on a horizontal heated wall. The initial concentration of salt C0 = 25 %. The wall temperature Tw = 120 °C and ambient air pressure is 1 bar. Thermal images of the temperature field on the droplet surface show an extremely non-uniform temperature field. At nucleate boiling in LiBr salt solution it is incorrect to predict the desorption behavior in stationary approximation. It was previously believed that the rate of evaporation does not vary with time. For the first time it is shown that the desorption rate is divided into several characteristic time intervals. These intervals is characterized by a significant change in the desorption rate

The influence of water level at working area on freon 134a hydrate synthesis by the method of explosive boiling of liquid hydrate-forming gas in water volume with simultaneous mixing

Abstract This work is part of a comprehensive study to search for the optimal operational parameters of the method based on the explosive boiling of liquefied hydrate-forming gas in a volume of water during decompression. Studies have shown the effectiveness of mixing the working area during decompression. Therefore, this paper presents an experimental study of the influence of the water level at the working site on the synthesis of gas hydrate by the studied method with stirring of the work area. Freon 134a was used as a hydrate forming gas.</jats:p

Influence of stirring working area on the synthesis of freon 134a hydrate by the method of explosive boiling of liquid hydrate-forming gas in volume of water during decompression

Abstract The presented work is part of a comprehensive experimental study aimed at finding the optimal operating parameters by the method of explosive boiling of liquefied hydrate-forming gas in a volume of water. The results obtained and published earlier showed the high efficiency and productivity of this method. This paper presents a study of the effect of the stirrer speed during the decompression of the working section on the gas hydrate synthesis.</jats:p

The nucleate boiling in a droplet of aqueous salt solution

This paper is devoted to an experimental study of the dynamics of the nucleate boiling in a droplet of aqueous solution of LiBr salt. As the concentration of LiBr salt increases, the growth rate of the bubbles decreases and the boiling completely stops when a high salt concentration is reached. An increase in the concentration of salt in the liquid layer of the bottom of the bubble leads to a decrease in the rate of increase in the diameter of the bubble, and a dry spot is not formed. The growth rate of a bubble (v) in a water droplet is somewhat higher than one for a salt solution for t > 0.2-0.3 s. The difference of v for the salt solution from curve 3 increases sharply when t < 0.1 s. For the first time, four regimes of the nucleate boiling in LiBr solution droplet were detected