Świadomość chłopów Lubelszczyzny, Podlasia i Małopolski zachodniej na przełomie XVIII i XIX wieku

Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 zostało dofinansowane ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

Potential Effects of Industrial Air Pollution and Wood-Product Supply and Demand, and Structure of the Wood-Products Industry, in Poland

This study aimed to determine potential changes in the production structure of the wood-processing industry up to 2020, resulting from unfavorable impact of industrial pollutants upon forests in Poland. The paper consists of four chapters. In the first section, forecasts of consumer demand for forest products, based on patterns of actual demand, are presented. The structure of industrial demand for wood assortments, and the degree to which it is met, are the topics of the second chapter. In the third chapter, we present forecasts of the possibilities of wood-raw-material consumption by industry with regard to the unfavorable impact of industrial pollution. The last chapter contains forecasts of production regarding foreseen changes in the structure of the wood-processing industry, taking into account qualitative changes in wood raw-material and expected changes in techniques and technology. Our results show that, up to 2020, negative effects of industrial pollutants on forests will have a significant influence on the degree of meeting consumer demands for wood products

From Endangered Family Towards own Family – Experiences and Expectations of Social Orphans

In the contemporary world family still constitutes a superior value, but on the other hand, is subject to influences of many destabilizing factors that may disturb its appropriate functioning. “A child gets to know the world, own self, the others and life objectives directly experiencing such aspects of life within own family, as a family brings up through the presence of its members remaining with each other in a relation of love and kindness” (Kukułowicz, 2004). One of the basic functions of the family is socialisation that means “transmitting knowledge regarding the surrounding world, cultural heritage and preparation to fulfil adult social roles addressed to the offspring. The primary socialisation takes place within the family circle, where <…> an individual becomes a member of the society by internalisation and generalisation of the most overall meanings thanks to the mediation of those taking care of such individual” (Kawula, 2007). The children brought up in an orphanage are subject to a specific socialisation, located in the borderland of the functioning in an institution and the family of origin. The process of becoming independent reflects such type of socialisation

Status of Female Faculty and Women\u27s Studies: Report and Appendix E

This project was designed to be a two part study of women on Fairfield\u27s campus. The first part was aimed at examining the current status of female students and faculty. The second part was a survey of women\u27s topics included in the curriculum. In addition to this, a database was created which assembled all the information-gathered. (from the Introduction)https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/archives-researchreports/1003/thumbnail.jp

Potential Roles for the Neurotrophic Molecules Agrin and Neuregulin in Regulating Aspects of the Inflammatory Response

Agrin and neuregulin are neurotrophic molecules well known for their roles at synapses in the peripheral and central nervous systems. The expression of these two molecules is not restricted to these sites however, as they are broadly expressed across multiple organ systems. What roles do agrin and neuregulin play within these alternate systems; what is the function of these molecules outside the nervous system? Here I investigate potential roles for agrin and neuregulin in inflammation. Inflammation is an immediate response by innate immune cells, primarily macrophages, to infection and is characterized by the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators. The innate immune system possesses multiple redundant mechanisms to locally control inflammation. The neuro-immune axis is one means of control. Often called the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, it acts to regulate local inflammation via nerve-secreted acetylcholine signaling through the homopentameric α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChR) present on macrophages. Both agrin and neuregulin have been independently described to share an intricate relationship with acetylcholine receptors (AChR) in the nervous system. Agrin is best known for its role in AChR aggregation at the neuromuscular junction while neuregulin has related roles in AChR transcription, cell survival, communication and differentiation. Based on the common characteristics of synapses in the nervous and immune systems we were curious to see if agrin and neuregulin played analogous roles on macrophages. Here we show that agrin and its receptor dystroglycan are expressed on RAW264.7 macrophages. In addition, agrin treated macrophages demonstrate increased endogenous agrin and α7nAChR expression. By blocking α-dystroglycan (α-DG), a receptor for agrin, with an anti-α-DG antibody we further saw a reduction in agrin expression. We also show that agrin is able to aggregate surface α7nAChRs and transmembrane agrin co-localizes with α7nAChRs therein. Agrin appears to induce approximately a 15-fold increase in anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in macrophages but does not increase pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α or IL-6 synthesis. Agrin-treated macrophages challenged with LPS, a potent activator of inflammation, exhibit a 57% decrease in IL-6. Macrophages treated with agrin also exhibit a 4-fold increase in STAT3, a regulator of anti-inflammatory action. The potential anti-inflammatory effects of agrin in the periphery parallel previous work describing the effects of neuregulin in the brain. Previous work completed by our lab suggests a role for neuregulin in augmenting the expression of α7nAChRs on microglia, the macrophages of the brain, but not in peripheral macrophages. Here we show that treatment of LPS challenged microglia with neuregulin produces an 88% decrease in IL-6 and a 33% decrease in TNF-α. These results indicate both agrin and neuregulin are able to induce an increase in α7nAChRs and augment the synthesis of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in their respective systems. These results also further the support the evidence of neuro-immune crosstalk in the immune system. Taken together these results present two novel players in inflammatory regulation by macrophages in the periphery and CNS.1 yea

Wartości kształtujące odrębność kulturowo-cywilizacyjną Chin

The cultural and civilizational identity of China is manifested in a multidimensional way. However, the internal changes influenced by the direction of reforms introduced in the Middle Kingdom in 1978, mainly in economy, did not leave other spheres of life untouched. And in connection with changes in the global reality, they take on a diverse character. In this work an attempt to present the main factors that influence the shape of the modern system of values as a phenomenon that generates the cultural and civilizational identity of China was undertaken.The cultural and civilizational identity of China is manifested in a multidimensional way. However, the internal changes influenced by the direction of reforms introduced in the Middle Kingdom in 1978, mainly in economy, did not leave other spheres of life untouched. And in connection with changes in the global reality, they take on a diverse character. In this work an attempt to present the main factors that influence the shape of the modern system of values as a phenomenon that generates the cultural and civilizational identity of China was undertaken

Uwarunkowania stosunków chińsko-rosyjskich na początku XXI wieku

When considering the issue of the latest relationship between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China, one attempted to identify them in the article in terms of the political, economic and military range, as well as the involvement of both countries in the aspect of the institutionalised international relations, particularly the traditional areas of influence of both countries, especially in a region of Central Asia. One indicated the intensification of the processes occurring in their relations, and their mutual consistency.Rozważając problematykę najnowszych relacji pomiędzy Federacją Rosyjską i Chińską Republiką Ludową podjęto w niniejszym artykule próbę ich zidentyfikowania w wymiarze politycznym, gospodarczo-ekonomicznym, militarnym oraz zaangażowanie obu państw w zinstytucjonalizowanym systemie stosunków międzynarodowych, dotyczących zwłaszcza obszarów tradycyjnych wpływów obu państw, za który uznano region Azji Centralnej. Wskazano na intensyfikację procesów zachodzących we wzajemnych relacjach oraz ich wzajemną koherentność