9 research outputs found

    Acquired heart block: A possible complication of patent ductus arteriosus in a preterm infant

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    A large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a frequently encountered clinical problem in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. It leads to an increased pulmonary blood flow and in a decreased or reversed diastolic flow in the systemic circulation, resulting in complications. Here we report a possible complication of PDA not previously published. On day 8 of life, a male ELBW infant (birth weight 650 g) born at a gestational age of 23 weeks and 3 days developed an atrioventricular block (AV block). The heart rate dropped from 168/min to 90/min, and the ECG showed a Wenckebach second-degree AV block and intraventricular conduction disturbances. Echocardiography demonstrated a PDA with a large left-to-right shunt and large left atrium and left ventricle with high contractility. Within several minutes after surgical closure of the PDA, the heart rate increased, and after 30 min the AV block had improved to a 1: 1 conduction ratio. Echocardiography after 2 h revealed a significant decrease of the left ventricular and atrial dimensions. Within 12 h, the AV block completely reversed together with the intraventricular conduction disturbances. We suggest that PDA with a large left-to-right shunt and left ventricular volume overload may lead to an AV block in an ELBW infant. Surgical closure of the PDA may be indicated. Copyright (C) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel

    Anemia

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    Le anemie che si manifestano alla nascita e nelle prime settimane di vita presentano aspetti eziologici ed evolutivi del tutto particolari rispetto alle età successive in quanto la loro patogenesi è spesso legata a fattori di rischio associati alla gravidanza e al parto. Più che in altre epoche della vita, molte forme di anemia neonatale possono presentare un quadro clinico di particolare gravità, dipendente sia dalla maggiore vulnerabilità del neonato sia da alcune proprietà funzionali e metaboliche delle emazie, tipiche delle prime settimane di vita. L'interpretazione delle varie anomalie ematologiche può rivelarsi inoltre particolarmente complessa a causa delle variazioni che che interessano i parametri ematologici, la struttura dell'Hb e le attività enzimatiche eritrocitarie nel processo evolutivo di adattamento dalla emopoiesi fetale a quella di tipo adulto. una considerazione a parte merita l'anemia dei VLBW che riconosce un'eziopatogenesi multifattoriale e costituisce la forma di anemia neonatale trattata più spesso con emotrasfusione. Peraltro l'aumentata sopravvivenza di neonati con peso alla nascita sempre più basso rende tale problema di grande rilevanza a causa dei rischi connessi all'impiego di sangue in questo particolare periodo della vita

    Prolonged intermittent positive pressure ventilation by nasal prongs in intractable apnea of prematurity

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    In order to avoid endotracheal intubation in very small newborn infants requiring prolonged intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV), a method was developed allowing delivery of IPPV by means of nasal prongs (nasal IPPV). A series of 10 newborn infants weighing 1,200 g or less, and requiring nasal IPPV for 5 to 14 days because of intractable apnea has been reported. Five infants survived. With the exception of hearing defects in two survivors, no lesions possibly due to the ventilation procedure were observed. Follow-up examination showed severe mental and motor handicap in one infant, and apparently normal mental and motor development in 3 infants examined at the age of 12-27 months. It is suggested that nasal IPPV is an effective and safe method for prolonged ventilation of very small newborn infants with normal or not severely affected lungs, whereas it appears of very limited use in patients with stiff lungs, such as in severe HMD
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