Застосування сервісно-орієнтованих архітектур у процесах інтеграції інформаційних ресурсів

Розглянуто окремі аспекти застосування сервісно-орієнтованої архітектури для рішення завдань горизонтальної інтеграції автономних інформаційних ресурсів.Рассмотрены отдельные аспекты использования сервисно-ориентированной архитектуры для решения задач горизонтальной интеграции автономных информационных ресурсов.Some issues of service-oriented architecture application for solving the task of autonomous information resources horizontal integration are considered

Optimal Development of Youth Athletes Toward Elite Athletic Performance: How to Coach Their Motivation, Plan Exercise Training, and Pace the Race

Elite athletes have invested many years in training and competition to reach the elite level. One very important factor on the road to elite performance is the decision-making process regarding the regulation of effort over time, termed as pacing behavior. The regulation of effort is vital for optimal athletic performance during a single race and over a longer period of time (e.g., a competitive season) as an inadequate regulation could result in a higher risk of injuries, overtraining, and drop-out. Despite this, there is limited knowledge on how young athletes learn and develop the abilities related to pacing. Pacing behavior of athletes develops from childhood throughout adolescence and is thought to be closely connected to physical maturation, the development of pre-frontal cortical related (meta-) cognitive functions, as well as the gathering of experience with exercise tasks. The motivation of an athlete can critically influence how an athlete paces a single race, but also how they distribute their effort over a longer period of time. Coaches are advised to closely monitor the development of pacing behavior during adolescence (e.g., by gathering split times, and related physiological measurement, during training and competition), as well as the underlying factors including physical maturation (meta-) cognitive development and the motivation of young athletes. Furthermore, pacing behavior development could be aided by providing training in which the task, individual, and environment are manipulated. Hereby, presenting athletes with the opportunity to gain experience in situations which closely resemble the perceptual-motor conditions of upcoming competitions

Echocardiographic chamber quantification in a healthy Dutch population

Aim For accurate interpretation of echocardiographic measurements normative data are required, which are provided by guidelines. For this article, the hypothesis was that these cannot be extrapolated to the Dutch population, since in Dutch clinical practice often higher values are found, which may not be pathological but physiological. Therefore this study aimed to 1) obtain and propose normative values for cardiac chamber quantification in a healthy Dutch population and 2) determine influences of baseline characteristics on these measurements. Methods Prospectively recruited healthy subjects, aged 20–72 years (at least 28 subjects per age decade, equally distributed for gender) underwent physical examination and 2D and 3D echocardiography. Both ventricles and atria were assessed and volumes were calculated. Results 147 subjects were included (age 44 ± 14 years, 50% female). Overall, feasibility was good for both linear and volumetric measurements. Linear and volumetric parameters were consistently higher than current guidelines recommend, while functional parameters were in line with the guidelines. This was more so in the older population. 3D volumes were higher than 2D volumes. Gender dependency was seen in all body surface area (BSA) corrected volumes and with increasing age, ejection fractions decreased. Conclusion This study provides 2D and 3D echocardiographic reference ranges for both ventricles and atria de-rived from a healthy Dutch population. BSA indexed volumes are gender-dependent, age did not influence ventricular volumes and a rise in blood pressure was independently associated with increased right ventricular volumes. The higher volumes found may be indicative for the Dutch population being the tallest in the world

Extending Halogen-based Medicinal Chemistry to Proteins: IODO-INSULIN AS A CASE STUDY

Insulin, a protein critical for metabolic homeostasis, provides a classical model for protein design with application to human health. Recent efforts to improve its pharmaceutical formulation demonstrated that iodination of a conserved tyrosine (Tyr(B26)) enhances key properties of a rapid-acting clinical analog. Moreover, the broad utility of halogens in medicinal chemistry has motivated the use of hybrid quantum- and molecular-mechanical methods to study proteins. Here, we (i) undertook quantitative atomistic simulations of 3-[iodo-Tyr(B26)]insulin to predict its structural features, and (ii) tested these predictions by X-ray crystallography. Using an electrostatic model of the modified aromatic ring based on quantum chemistry, the calculations suggested that the analog, as a dimer and hexamer, exhibits subtle differences in aromatic-aromatic interactions at the dimer interface. Aromatic rings (Tyr(B16), Phe(B24), Phe(B25), 3-I-Tyr(B26), and their symmetry-related mates) at this interface adjust to enable packing of the hydrophobic iodine atoms within the core of each monomer. Strikingly, these features were observed in the crystal structure of a 3-[iodo-Tyr(B26)]insulin analog (determined as an R6 zinc hexamer). Given that residues B24-B30 detach from the core on receptor binding, the environment of 3-I-Tyr(B26) in a receptor complex must differ from that in the free hormone. Based on the recent structure of a "micro-receptor" complex, we predict that 3-I-Tyr(B26) engages the receptor via directional halogen bonding and halogen-directed hydrogen bonding as follows: favorable electrostatic interactions exploiting, respectively, the halogen's electron-deficient σ-hole and electronegative equatorial band. Inspired by quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics, such "halogen engineering" promises to extend principles of medicinal chemistry to proteins

First Snow Aubade

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Picking up the pace:the development of pacing behaviour during adolescence

How individuals distribute their effort during exercise (i.e. pacing) plays a key role in facilitating sports performance and exercise participation. In this thesis, we studied the development of pacing behaviour during adolescence. In a series of observational studies, the pacing behaviour of over 15,000 athletes (runners, swimmers and short-track speed skaters), aged 12-24, was studied using lap times recorded during competition. These studies demonstrated that in general the development of pacing behaviour 1) starts in late childhood, is most prominent during adolescence and becomes more gradual towards adulthood, 2) peaks at an earlier age in girls compared to boys, and 3) results in a distribution of effort that better fits the task characteristics (task duration) and the environment (presence of competitors). In a series of laboratory experiments, the various aspects of pacing were compared between groups of adolescents and adults performing cycling time trials. These studies revealed that the following capabilities develop during adolescence: 1) estimating the amount of effort required to compete an exercise task (e.g. estimating the time needed to complete a trial) 2) self-monitoring and adapting one’s effort expenditure during exercise (e.g. cycling at a set goal speed), and 3) using past experiences to inform one’s pacing strategy. Given that these capabilities are still developing during adolescence, children and young adolescents have the tendency to base their effort expenditure on signals from the social environment (e.g. by watching their competitors). The findings from this thesis offer a theoretical basis for the informed design of interventions and practical tools aimed at supporting the distribution of effort during exercise. These tools could be used not only to optimize the performance of athletes, but also to enable children and adolescents to enjoy engaging in physical activity and promote a healthy lifestyle