A retrospective study of breast milk feeding in infants with oral clefts

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to gather information from mothers’ of children born with orofacial clefts (OFC) in order to more accurately describe their early feeding experiences, from the time of diagnosis through the first six months of life. METHODS: We surveyed mother’s whose babies with OFC were treated at Seattle Children’s Hospital (SCH) Craniofacial Clinic and were born on or after 1/1/2013 through 12/31/2016. Survey questions were geared toward understanding overall difficulty with feeding, access to supplies for feeding, and methods and duration of any breast milk feeding. RESULTS: Eighty-two percent of mothers wanted to exclusively breastfeed for the first 16 weeks prior to the OFC diagnosis, of which 79% attempted breastfeeding and 74% attempted any breast milk feeding. Donor milk was used in 18% of mothers and 41% supplemented with formula in the delivery hospital. The majority of women were knowledgeable about facts of breastfeeding and 41% reported they received information from a lactation specialist in their delivery hospital. The level of stress reported by mothers stayed relatively the same over first 4 weeks of life and dropped by 16 weeks. The majority of women who used a breast pump pumped for 0 to 20 minutes in first week and then 0 to 30 minutes between weeks 4 to 16. Thirty percent of mothers reported receiving information specifically from a craniofacial nurse and craniofacial pediatrician before delivery and 36% reported receiving information from a craniofacial nurse and craniofacial pediatrician after their birth hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Initial study results of feeding practices, knowledge of breast milk feeding, and feeding experiences of mothers with babies born with OFCs show that most mother’s intended to exclusively breastfeed prior to their birth and that the majority of women were reasonably informed about the benefits of breastfeeding. We also found that after the delivery of their child with an OFC more mothers reported having difficulty with feeding and wanted to provide breast milk longer than they were able to do so. Once the data collection is complete the survey data will be stratified for prenatal versus postnatal diagnosis and also when a breast pump was obtained. This information and additional data will be collected from a second phase of the study, which is a medical chart abstraction to look at the child’s demographics and growth chart data for the first six months of life

LA PRATIQUE DU COMPTABLE PROFESSIONNEL EN ORGANISATION : INERTIE DU STÉRÉOTYPE OU EXPÉRIMENTER L'INCERTAIN?

Le stéréotype comptable (son identité de beancounter) a fait l'objet d'une littérature abondante, alors que les écrits normatifs s'attachent à le voir comme un partenaire d'affaires. Le bien fondé du rôle de partenaire d'affaires du comptable a largement été remis en question et dévoilé les difficultés de sa mise en oeuvre. Pour dépasser la dualité entre le beancounter et le partenaire d'affaires, nous proposons une approche culturelle qui met l'accent sur les facteurs d'hétérogénéité de la pratique comptable. Cette communication s'intéresse aux modalités de l'exercice de la pratique comptable en organisation, à travers les activités concrètes exercées par le comptable et l'orientation de son rôle. Quatre profils de la pratique comptable en organisation ont été dégagés. Ces profils permettent en retour de voir de quelle façon peuvent s'articuler les niveaux individuel, interpersonnel et collectif de la transformation de la pratique comptable, de manière à mettre en évidence tant les forces d'inertie que les forces de transformation.comptable en entreprise; culture; orientation du rôle; activités

LA COMPTABILITÉ DE MANAGEMENT ENVIRONNEMENTALE OU L'ÉCOCONTRÔLE : UTILITÉ DES OUTILS DE CONTRÔLE DE GESTION

L'éco-contrôle propose d'adapter les outils de contrôle de gestion (e.g. les indicateurs de performance, le processus budgétaire, la rémunération incitative ou la planification stratégique) pour en faire des instruments de mesure et de gestion de la performance environnementale de l'entreprise. Cette communication s'interroge sur la capacité de ces outils à transcender les frontières de l'entreprise pour constituer des outils de mesure de sa performance sociétale, à partir d'une perspective de la théorie de l'acteur réseau.éco-contrôle; théorie de l'acteur réseau; objet frontière; principe de précaution

Signal Processing

Contains reports on three research projects.Joint Services Electronics Programs (U.S. Army, U. S. Navy, and U. S. Air Force) under Contract DAAB07-71-C-0300U. S. Coast Guard (Contract DOT-CG -13446-A)M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory Purchase Order CC-57

Signal Processing

Contains reports on two research projects.Joint Services Electronics Programs (U. S. Army, U. S. Navy, and U. S. Air Force) under Contract DA 28-043-AMC-02536(E

Digital Signal Processing

Contains reports on three research projects.U. S. Navy Office of Naval Research (Contract N00014-67-A-0204-0064)National Science Foundation (Grant GK-31353

Universal and non-excludable broadband Internet access: A modest proposal for municipal provisioning of broadband as a basic service

This paper argues for localizing the provisioning of broadband internet access within the portfolio of municipal services with a view to achieving universal service penetration. In supporting this proposition, this paper first offers a critique of how the centralization of regulatory oversight at the federal level has proven problematic in meeting universal service objectives. The paper then presents a rationale and proposition for provisioning household broadband services in low-income urban areas through municipal social and subsidized housing undertakings, and as a partial redress to broadband disenfranchisement.Cet article plaide en faveur de la localisation de l’approvisionnement d’accès Internet à large bande par les services municipaux en vue de parvenir à un déploiement de service universel. Afin d’appuyer notre proposition, l’étude d’abord offre une critique de la manière dont la centralisation de la supervision réglementaire au niveau fédéral s’est avérée problématique pour atteindre les objectifs du service universel. Ensuite, l’on présente une proposition pour l’approvisionnement de services à large bande aux ménages dans les zones urbaines à faible revenu par le biais d’entreprises municipales de logement social et subventionné, et comme une solution partielle pour redresser la situation d’inégalités d’accès Internet à large bande

Speech Communication

Contains research objectives, summary of research and reports on three research projects.U. S. Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories under Contract F19628-69-C-0044National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 R01 NS04332-09)M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory Purchase Order CC-57

Digital Signal Processing

Contains research objectives and summary of research.National Science Foundation (Grant GK-31353)U. S. Navy Office of Naval Research (Contract N00014-67-A-0204-0064