On a higher order two dimensional thermoelastic system combining a local and nonlocal boundary conditions

Due to their importance and numerous applications, evolution mixed problems with non local constraints in the boundary conditions have been extensively studied during the two last decades. In this paper, we consider an initial boundary value problem for a higher order thermoelastic system arising in linear thermoelasticity which combines some Dirichlet and weighted integral boundary conditions. The studied system modelizes in general a Kirchoff plate. We prove the well posedness of the given problem. Our proofs are mainly based on some a priori bounds in some Sobolev type space functions and on some density arguments

Cheese-Algae Interactions

Algae are everywhere in this planet. They have been used in a wide variety of industries because of unique chemical composition and high concentration of bioactive substances. The agar, alginate and carrageenan are products which come from the gelling, thickening and stabilizing properties of algae. In addition algae is considered to be an important supplement and an additive to handy foods. They are also added up to products of fish and oils, to promote their quality, as well as to meat products like steaks, pastry , frankfurters and sausages. Algae is also used in grain products and their derivatives , like bread, pasta and flour. Because of their critical characteristics algae plays a role in the fermented functional food structure. The majority of fermented products made with algae are dairy products and their derivatives. Mixed fermented products, which contain an intensive population of lactic acid bacteria and algae, contain biologically active metabolites of natural origin, which enables not only the creation of high-nutrient products, but also the creation of a novel types of fermented food

Glazing design for bilateral daylighting in public school classrooms in northern part of Algeria

Daylight quality and quantity in Algerian schools display a serious condition in ensuring the visual comfort of students and teachers. Some problems arise due to poor window design and excessive amounts of daylight penetration into the classrooms as well as non-uniform daylight distribution, which may cause glare and heat gain. This study aimed at choosing an ideal window size and glazing pattern to maximise daylight effectiveness and occupant comfort in Algerian schools. Field measurements of selected classrooms were carried out in selected schools in Algeria during the summer and winter seasons. The data were analysed and used to develop a model design for simulation. Seven patterns of glazing window design was used for an extensive simulation exercise. The results of the investigation from the site measurements show that WWR was more than 40%; the WPI was found to be within the range of 300lux to 500lux and the DF of 4%, which exceeded reference value, except the southeast orientation which recorded 2.98%. Results from the simulation using IES by comparing three different glazing types (tint, clear and reflective) and using different glazing size from 25% to 75% in winter (under overcast sky condition) and summer (under intermediate sky condition). The evidence from this study suggests that tinted windows in both winter and summer is ideal as the simulation’s result shows that significant usable area (31.22% - 41.74%) is achievable in a bilateral window opening with a DF<2 by increasing the percentage of the tinted glass from 25% to 75%. From the results this research suggests that a 30% WWR with a tinted glass of 50% VT in a bilateral school design would be ideal for public schools in Algeria as it yielded a WPI within the range of 300lux to 500lux. The use of different glazing configurations during the experiment had a significant impact in the improvement of the quantity and quality of daylighting

Motor Bearing Failure Identification Using Multiple Long Short-Term Memory Training Strategies

In the context of condition-based maintenance of rotating machines in manufacturing systems, the early diagnosis of possible faults related to rolling elements of the bearing is mainly based on techniques from artificial intelligence, namely, Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL). Approaches based on using Deep Learning methods have been the most coveted in recent years. Among a variety of models, the type of architecture known as Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM) of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) has both the ability to capture long-term dependencies and to adapt to sequential data modeling. It is therefore able to work on data without any preprocessing. This paper studies using four types of LSTM networks to diagnose bearing faults in a classification approach. It aims to intervene on both the input parameters and the network architecture, to achieve high performance. The proposed method is carried out in two different ways. In the first case, the data inputs are raw frames of vibration signals. However, in the second case, the network inputs are pre-computed time-frequency features. The results clearly showed that LSTMs are more accurate with the latter

On an Initial Boundary Value Problem for a Class of Odd Higher Order Pseudohyperbolic Integrodifferential Equations

This paper is devoted to the study of the well-posedness of an initial boundary value problem for an odd higher order nonlinear pseudohyperbolic integrodifferential partial differential equation. We associate to the equation n nonlocal conditions and n+1 classical conditions. Upon some a priori estimates and density arguments, we first establish the existence and uniqueness of the strongly generalized solution in a class of a certain type of Sobolev spaces for the associated linear mixed problem. On the basis of the obtained results for the linear problem, we apply an iterative process in order to establish the well-posedness of the nonlinear problem

On the well posedness of a mathematical model for a singular nonlinear fractional pseudo-hyperbolic system with nonlocal boundary conditions and frictional damping

This paper is devoted to the study of the well-posedness of a singular nonlinear fractional pseudo-hyperbolic system. The fractional derivative is described in Caputo sense. The equations are supplemented by classical and nonlocal boundary conditions. Upon some a priori estimates and density arguments, we establish the existence and uniqueness of the strongly generalized solution for the associated linear fractional system in some Sobolev fractional spaces. On the basis of the obtained results for the linear fractional system, we apply an iterative process in order to establish the well-posedness of the nonlinear fractional system. This mathematical model of pseudo-hyperbolic systems arises mainly in the theory of longitudinal and lateral vibrations of elastic bars (beams), and in some special case it is propounded in unsteady helical flows between two infinite coaxial circular cylinders for some specific boundary conditions

Performance of office building integrated photovoltaic for windows under semi-arid climate in Algeria

Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) has become the most significant alternative form of renewable energy for producing clean energy and to protect the environment. In Algeria, some problems arise due to the high energy consumption levels of building sector. Large amounts of this energy are lost through the external envelope façade, because of poor window design. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the optimum BIPV windows performance for overall energy consumption (OEC) in typical office buildings in the semi-arid climate. Field measurements on a tested office building were carried out during the spring and summer seasons for the calibration and validation of Energy-plus and Integrated Environment Solution Virtual Environment (IES-VE) software. The data was analysed and used to develop a model for (OEC) simulation. The results of the investigation from the site measurements show that the BIPV window application provides a sufficient quantity of uniform daylight with only 20% Visible Light Transmittance (VLT), plus a comfortable indoor temperature and a considerable amount of clean energy production. The base-model and nine commercially-available BIPV modules, with different Window Wall Ratio (WWR), cardinal orientation and tilt angles were applied in an extensive simulation exercise. The simulation was carried out using Energy-plus to evaluate the energy generated through simple and equivalent one-diode models. The thermal performance used the Ideal load Air System (ILAS) model. In addition to IES-VE for the assessment of visual comfort and daylighting performance, through a combination of daylight control method, Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) and CEI glare index (CGI) were done. The results from this study revealed that the optimum BIPV window design differentiates in each orientation; which is the double glazing PV modules (A) with medium WWR and 20% VLT in the Southern facade, 30% VLT toward the East-West axis. Meanwhile, the North orientation is not suitable the application of BIPV window. The Maximum energy saving can be obtained with a 60% toward the South orientation by double glazing PV module (D). On the other hand, the PV modules minimize significantly the glare index comparing the base-model. The result established that the energy output percentages in a 3D model can be used by architects and designers in the early stages of design. Thus, the adoption of optimum BIPV window shows a significant improvement of the overall energy saving and visual comfort to deem them as an essential application in the semi-arid climate

Awareness and Energy Conservation Behaviors: A Case Study of Institutional Buildings in Hail, Saudi Arabia

The growing challenges of carbon emissions and global warming necessitate global efforts to improve energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) faces significant challenges in ensuring a sustainable electricity supply in buildings, including high energy demand driven by extreme climate conditions, heavy reliance on fossil fuels, and inefficiencies in energy distribution and consumption patterns. This study explores the relationship between employee awareness, energy conservation behaviors, and electricity consumption in three architecturally identical institutional buildings in Hail province, which exhibit significant variations in energy use. Using a mixed method of qualitative and quantitative approaches, structured questionnaires were distributed to 27 employees, with 21 responses analyzed through SPSS using a five-point Likert scale. Results reveal that behavior, rather than awareness, is the primary driver of energy consumption, as Building 3 exhibited the highest energy-saving behaviors despite moderate awareness levels. Workplace norms, peer influence, and reinforcement mechanisms significantly impact energy-saving actions, while awareness alone proves insufficient in fostering consistent behavioral engagement