Effects of organic and conventional rice on protein efficiency ratio and pesticide residue in rats

The comparative effects of organic rice and conventional rice on the protein efficiency ratio (PER) in rats were investigated by feeding 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats for four weeks with three experimental diets containing polished conventional rice (PCR), unpolished conventional rice (UCR), unpolished organic rice (UOR) and a control protein diet (casein) under standardised conditions. All diets were prepared according to AOAC guidelines. The results showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) among the values of PER (2.75 ± 0.14 - 2.80 ± 0.09) in rats fed with diets containing PCR, UCR or UOR. Similar growth was also observed among the three groups fed with different experimental diets. Additionally, residues of pesticides, viz. carbofuran, methyl parathion, p-nitrophenol and -cyfluthrin, in rat blood and rice samples were determined using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. Pesticide residues were not detected in all serum samples of experimental rats and only p-nitrophenol was found (8.23 ± 0.65 - 12.84 ± 2.58 mg/kg) in all samples of the cooked rice diets, indicating that organic rice produced similar effect as conventional rice on PER and growth in rats

A review on the toxicology and dietetic role of bacterial cellulose

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer synthesized by certain acetic acid bacteria strains. The safety of BC regarding its potential use in food applications is here reviewed. The acute, sub-acute and subchronic oral toxicity assays showed that consumption of BC had no adverse effects in rats. Several studies demonstrated that BC is not genotoxic, did not induce chromosomal aberrations in CHO cells under both non-activating and metabolic activating conditions, is inactive in the in vitro Rat Primary Hepatocyte Unscheduled DNA Synthesis Assay, had no reproductive toxicity in mice and exerted no embryotoxicity and teratogenicity effects in rats. Several studies on the BC in biomedical applications further reinforces its safety: a primary eye and dermal irritation studies in the rabbit showed that BC was non-irritating. The inflammatory reaction to subcutaneously implanted BC has been evaluated in animal models and for different periods of time, demonstrating that BC is biocompatible and does not trigger a harsh inflammatory reaction. Altogether, and considering its longstanding history of human consumption in Asian countries, as well as its utilization in biomedical devices, it may be concluded that BC is safe for applications in food technology.FCT -Fuel Cell Technologies Program(NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Nutrient Contents of Commercial Snack Food Products

ABSTRACT Analytical study of chemical composition in snack food was investigated. Six types of snack foods as potatoes, seasoning-flour, corn, squid, fishsnacks and crispy peas and beans, including 63 brands, from local retail markets were analysed for chemical composition, sodium and monosodium glutamate (MSG) contents. There were 2.44-11.06 g/100 g of protein and 7.06-36.65 g/100 g of fat in products of potatoes, seasoning-flour and corn. Roasted squid and fish products had higher protein and lesser fat contents than crispy peas and beans (21.18-64.78 versus 14.48-20.36 g/100 g and 0.26-2.92 versus 7.89-39.41 g/100 g). Most of the snack foods contained energy ranged from 399.10-555.89 Kcal., whereas squid and fish products had less than 355 Kcal. The sodium contents in potatoes, seasoning flour, corn and crispy peas and beans products ranging from 195.9-1,126.8 mg/100 g and MSG were less than 1.58 percent. Squid and fish products had the highest contents of sodium (1,658.4-2,797.5 mg/100 g) and contained MSG less than 3.24 g/100 g

Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology Effects of organic and conventional rice on protein efficiency ratio and pesticide residue in rats

Abstract: The comparative effects of organic rice and conventional rice on the protein efficiency ratio (PER) in rats were investigated by feeding 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats for four weeks with three experimental diets containing polished conventional rice (PCR), unpolished conventional rice (UCR), unpolished organic rice (UOR) and a control protein diet (casein) under standardised conditions. All diets were prepared according to AOAC guidelines. The results showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) among the values of PER (2.75 ± 0.14 -2.80 ± 0.09) in rats fed with diets containing PCR, UCR or UOR. Similar growth was also observed among the three groups fed with different experimental diets. Additionally, residues of pesticides, viz. carbofuran, methyl parathion, p-nitrophenol and -cyfluthrin, in rat blood and rice samples were determined using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. Pesticide residues were not detected in all serum samples of experimental rats and only p-nitrophenol was found (8.23 ± 0.65 -12.84 ± 2.58 mg/kg) in all samples of the cooked rice diets, indicating that organic rice produced similar effect as conventional rice on PER and growth in rats