Tocotrienol inhibits proliferation of human Tenon's fibroblasts in vitro: a comparative study with vitamin E forms and mitomycin C

Purpose: To evaluate the potential of the vitamin E compound α-tocotrienol as antifibrotic agent in vitro. Methods: Using human Tenon's capsule fibroblast cultures, the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of the different vitamin E forms α-tocopherol, α-tocopheryl acetate, α-tocopheryl succinate and α-tocotrienol were compared with those of mitomycin C. To mimic subconjunctival and regular oral application in vivo, exposure time of serum-stimulated and serum-restimulated fibroblasts (SF and RF, respectively) to vitamin E forms was set at 6 days. Cultures were only exposed for 5min to mitomycin C due to its known acute toxicity and to mimic the short-time intraoperative administration. Proliferation (expressed as % of control) was determined by DNA content quantification on days 2, 4 and 6, whereas cytotoxicity was assessed by cell morphology and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) release after 24h. Results: α-Tocopherol and α-tocopheryl acetate stimulated growth of SF, but not RF. Reduction of fibroblast content by α-tocopheryl succinate was accompanied by increased G6PD release and necrosis. Contrary to α-tocopheryl succinate, 50μM or repeatedly 20μM of α-tocotrienol significantly inhibited proliferation without causing cellular toxicity (maximal effect: 46.8%). RF were more sensitive to this effect than SF. Mitomycin C 100-400μg/ml showed a stronger antiproliferative effect than α-tocotrienol (maximal effect: 13.8%). Morphologic characteristics of apoptosis were more commonly found under treatment with mitomycin C. Conclusions: Of the vitamin E forms tested, only α-tocotrienol significantly inhibited growth at non-toxic concentrations. In this in vitro study, antiproliferative effects of mitomycin C were stronger than those of α-tocotrieno

Antifibrotic effects of tocotrienols on human Tenon's fibroblasts

Purpose: To compare the antifibrotic effect of vitamin E isoforms α-, γ-, and δ-tocotrienol on human Tenon's fibroblasts (hTf) to the antimetabolite mitomycin C. Methods: Antifibrotic effects of α- (40, 60, 80, 100, and 120μM), γ- (10, 20, 30, and 40μM) and δ-tocotrienol (10, 20, 30, and 40μM) on hTf cultures were evaluated by performing proliferation, migration and collagen synthesis assays. Whereas for vitamin E the exposure time was set to 7days to mimic subconjunctival application, cultures were exposed only 5 min to mitomycin C 100μg/ml to mimic intraoperative administration. Cell morphology (phase contrast microscopy) as an assessment for cytotoxicity and cell density by measuring DNA content in a fluorometric assay to determine proliferation inhibition was performed on day 0, 4, and 7. Migration ability and collagen synthesis of fibroblasts were measured. Results: All tested tocotrienol isoforms were able to significantly inhibit hTf proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (maximal inhibitory effect without relevant morphological changes at day 4 for α-tocotrienol 80μM with 36.7% and at day 7 for α-tocotrienol 80μM with 42.6% compared to control). Degenerative cell changes were observed in cultures with concentrations above 80μM for α- and above 30μM for γ- and δ-tocotrienol. The highest collagen synthesis inhibition has been found with 80 µM α-tocotrienol (62.4%) and no significant inhibition for mitomycin C (2.5%). Migration ability was significantly reduced in cultures exposed to 80 µM α- and 30 µM γ-tocotrienol (inhibition of 82.2% and 79.5%, respectively, compared to control) and also after mitomycin C treatment (60.0%). Complete growth inhibition without significant degenerative cell changes could only be achieved with mitomycin C. Conclusion: In vitro, all tested tocotrienol isoforms were able to inhibit proliferation, migration and collagen synthesis of human Tenon's fibroblasts and therefore may have the potential as an anti-scarring agent in filtrating glaucoma surger

Disputar la democracia: el caso de Podemos en España

Este artículo analiza el partido político español Podemos a partir de su origen, de su categorización dentro de los modelos de partido, del sustento ideológico y la propuesta política de la organización, y de su estrategia de comunicación. La autora parte de la hipótesis de que existen dos contradicciones en el seno del Partido: una, entre la propuesta ideológica y la intención de asumir el poder a partir de las normas convencionales definidas en la legislación española y, la otra, entre la estructura formal del Partido, encabezada por una pequeña élite responsable de las decisiones fundamentales, y el discurso, en el que éste se proclama como un instrumento de cambio político apoyado en los vínculos que ha establecido con los mejores cuadros de la sociedad civil. En la reflexión final se incluyen notas sobre su comportamiento electoral.This article aims to analyse the Spanish political party Podemos based on its origin, its classification within party models, the ideological perspective and political project of the party, and its communication strategy. The author's assumption is that there are two contradictions within the party: one between the ideological proposal and the intention to come to power through the conventional paths established by the Spanish legislation, and the second, between the formal party structure headed by a small decision-making elite, and a message in which the party declares itself an instrument of political change supported by leading groups of civil society. The final comments include notes on the electoral performance of the party

Desarrollo de competencias de gestión del enfermero: directriz para servicios de educación permanente

OBJECTIVE Developing continuing education guidelines for the development of nursing management competencies along with the members of the Center of Nursing Continuing Education of Parana. METHOD A qualitative research outlined by the action research method, with a sample consisting of 16 nurses. Data collection was carried out in three stages and data were analyzed according to the thematic analysis technique. RESULTS It was possible to discuss the demands and difficulties in developing nursing management competencies in hospital organizations and to collectively design a guideline. CONCLUSION The action research contributed to the production of knowledge, confirming the need and the importance of changing the educational processes and evaluations, based on methodologies and instruments for professional development in accordance with human resource policies and contemporary organizational policies.OBJETIVO Construir uma diretriz de educação permanente para o desenvolvimento de competências gerenciais dos enfermeiros junto aos membros do Núcleo de Enfermeiros de Educação Permanente do Paraná. MÉTODO Pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, delineada pelo método da pesquisa-ação, composta por amostra de 16 enfermeiros. A coleta de dados ocorreu em três etapas e os dados analisados segundo a técnica de análise temática. RESULTADOS Foi possível discorrer sobre as demandas e as dificuldades para o desenvolvimento de competências gerenciais do enfermeiro nas organizações hospitalares e estruturar coletivamente uma diretriz. CONCLUSÃO A pesquisa-ação contribuiu para a produção de conhecimentos, confirmando a necessidade e a importância de mudanças nos processos educativos e de avaliação fundamentados em metodologias e instrumentos que permitam o desenvolvimento de profissionais consoante às políticas de recursos humanos e organizacionais contemporâneas.OBJETIVO Construir una directriz de educación permanente para el desarrollo de competencias de gestión para los enfermeros junto con los miembros del Núcleo de Enfermeros de Educación Permanente de Paraná. MÉTODO Investigación con abordaje cualitativo, diseñado por el método de investigación-acción compuesto de muestra de 16 enfermeros. La recolección de datos ocurrió en tres etapas y los datos fueron analizados según la técnica de análisis temático. RESULTADOS Fue posible discurrir sobre las demandas y las dificultades para el desarrollo de competencias de gestión del enfermero en las organizaciones hospitalarias y estructurar colectivamente una directriz. CONCLUSIÓN La investigación-acción contribuyó a la producción de conocimientos, confirmando la necesidad y la importancia de cambios en los procesos educativos y de evaluación fundados en metodologías e instrumentos que permitan el desarrollo de profesionales acorde con las políticas de recursos humanos y organizaciones contemporáneas

Infektionsprophylaxe im niedersächsischen Justizvollzug : Eröffnungsbericht zum Modellprojekt

Der vorliegende Eröffnungsbericht ist eine erste Bilanz des Modellprojektes "Infektionsprophylaxe im Niedersächsischen Justizvollzug". Das Modellprojekt hat zum Ziel, die gesundheitliche Lage der Inhaftierten in Bezug auf Drogenabhängigkeit und virale Infektionen, wie HIV und Hepatitis, durch zielgruppengerechte Präventionsmaßnahmen zu verbessern. Erstmalig in Deutschland wurde in Niedersachsen in den Justizvollzugsanstalten für Frauen in Vechta (ab 15.04.1996) und für Männer in Lingen I Abt. Groß-Hesepe (ab 15.07.1996) damit begonnen, auch in Haft den intravenös drogenabhängigen Gefangenen solche infektionsprophylaktischen Angebote zu machen, die sich außerhalb des Justizvollzuges als machbar und effektiv in Bezug auf eine Verminderung von Neuinfektionen erwiesen haben. - Infection prophylaxis, prison, Lower Saxon

Las condiciones de la competencia en el norte del país

La descripción de los actores y las preferencias políticas en el norte de México, constituyen la parte fundamental de este artículo. En él, la autora analiza las singulares características que se dan en esta región del país en cuanto a las concepciones políticas e, incluso, estilos de vida que divergen, en ocasiones fuertemente, de los del resto de la República. Asimismo, se tocan algunos de los perfiles de los principales personajes políticos de esa zona, como Francisco Barrio y Femando Canales Clariond, que proyectan, afirma la autora, imágenes de hombres honestos y eficientes, arquetipos afines al pensamiento de la clase media. El escrito concluye contrastando la fuerza que el panismo ha cobrado en los estados del norte del país -basada, en buena medida, en un discurso articulado que se vincula a la personalidad de sus habitantes- con su debilidad en la zona sur, donde no ha logrado desarrollar un discurso apropiado.The description of the actors and principal preferences in the northen states of Mexico, constitutes the basic core of this article. In it, its author studies the singular characteristics that prevail in this part of the country in so far as to the political conceptions, including, as well, the different life-styles that differ, strongly in some instances, from the rest of the country. Likewise, profiles of the main political personalities of this zone, such as Francisco Barrio and Fernando Canales Clariond are reviewed, giving forth, according to the author, images of honest and efficient men, archetypes of the middle-class mentality. The analysis ends by comparing to the forces that the panismo has achivied in the northern states of the country, based mainly on the articulate discourse linked to the personalities of its inhabitants to its weakness in the southern states where it has not been able to develop the appropiate discourse

Hands-on 3D Printed Dynamics Activities

The advancement of 3D printing has allowed everyday individuals to rapid prototype and manufacture in a more efficient, cost-effective, and timely manner. This has paved the way for a more adaptable educational model, by allowing instructors to easily access alternative instruments for teaching. By providing students with tangible tools, they will better be able to grasp complex principles. Dynamics professors need a way in which they can easily access these academic tools, transport them to and from class, and teach multiple dynamics principles through variations of a single 3D printed kit. Interviews with professors and students were conducted to gain a more wholistic understanding of our target demographic needs. Research regarding product competition and relevant patent intellectual property was also organized to make sure that what we plan to develop does not infringe on any previously conceived ideas. Using this information, along with our own ideation, we have created six activities as well as testing to measure those activities.The activities we are working with include the following: Mass-Moment of Inertia (Rollers), Friction (Spool), Rigid Body Kinematics, Coriolis Effect, Angular Impact-Momentum, and Relative Motion (Mass-Pulley). This Final Design Review (FDR) presents our final designs as well as the justifications for any changes

Jesús Reyes Heroles

Semblanza de la vida y obra de Jesús Reyes Heroles, quien se encuentra entre los pocos pensadores mexicanos del siglo XX que logró articular su trabajo intelectual y académico con una práctica política, y que buscó en las aportaciones teóricas del Derecho y la ciencia política nuevos caminos de explicación a los acontecimientos políticos de su tiempo