Americans Under Age 40 Are as Likely to Donate to Japan Disaster Relief Through Electronic Means as Traditional Means

Presents survey findings about giving online or by cellphone, as opposed to by phone, mail, or in person, to relief efforts after the earthquake and tsunami in Japan. Compares data with giving after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and by age and education

Most Say Disaster Spending Does Not Require Offsetting Cuts: A Pew Research Center/Washington Post Survey

As Oklahoma recovers from severe damage caused by last week's tornado, a majority of Americans (59%) say federal spending in response to natural disasters is emergency aid that does not need to be offset by cuts to other programs, while 29% say such spending must be offset by cuts to other programs.While there are partisan differences in opinions about how disaster aid should be treated, majorities of Democrats (69%), independents (57%) and Republicans (52%) say that federal spending in response to natural disasters does not require offsetting spending cuts elsewhere.The national survey by the Pew Research Center and the Washington Post, conducted May 23-26 among 1,005 adults, finds broad support across demographic groups for the view that federal spending in response to natural disasters is emergency aid and does not need to be offset by cuts to other programs. Comparable majorities of those living in the Northeast (62%), Midwest (58%), West (58%) and South (57%) all agree that federal spending in response to disasters is emergency aid

Labor Unions Seen as Good for Workers, Not U.S. Competitiveness

Analyzes survey findings on views of private and public sector unions; their effects on salary and benefits, working conditions, productivity, availability of good jobs, and U.S. companies' global competitiveness; and which side to take in disputes

Costs and Benefits of Full Dual-Frame Telephone Survey Designs

Assesses the cost, sample composition, weighting, and substantive effect on survey results involved in interviewing respondents by cell phone, including those with landlines. Includes demographic profiles of cell phone-only, landline-only, and dual users

Political Polarization in the American Public: How Increasing Ideological Uniformity and Partisan Antipathy Affect Politics, Compromise and Everyday Life

Republicans and Democrats are more divided along ideological lines -- and partisan antipathy is deeper and more extensive -- than at any point in the last two decades, according to a nationwide 10,000-person survey conducted by the Pew Research Center and supported by MacArthur. The survey finds that divisions are greatest among those who are the most engaged and active in the political process and that polarization also affects everyday life

Quantum Inequalities for the Electromagnetic Field

A quantum inequality for the quantized electromagnetic field is developed for observers in static curved spacetimes. The quantum inequality derived is a generalized expression given by a mode function expansion of the four-vector potential, and the sampling function used to weight the energy integrals is left arbitrary up to the constraints that it be a positive, continuous function of unit area and that it decays at infinity. Examples of the quantum inequality are developed for Minkowski spacetime, Rindler spacetime and the Einstein closed universe.Comment: 19 pages, 1 table and 1 figure. RevTex styl

Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Expression of Resistance in \u3ci\u3eSolanum berthaultii\u3c/i\u3e and Interspecific Potato Hybrids

A wild potato species, Solanum berthaultii Hawkes, and its interspecific hybrids with the commercial potato, S. tuberosum L., were evaluated for resistance to the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) in field and laboratory studies in New York. Field-collected summer adults produced nearly 3-fold more eggs on S. tuberosum cv. Katahdin than on S. berthaultii over a 7-day period. Egg masses laid on \u27Katahdin\u27 were 61% larger than those laid on S. berthaultii. In field cage plots of S. berthaultii, CPB larval development was retarded and very few larvae survived to adulthood. Densities of overwintered CPB adults and defoliation levels were significantly reduced on S. berthaultii compared with S. tuberosum in open field studies. A hybrid family had intermediate levels of defoliation and adult CPB densities. During the second CPB larval generation, densities of small (first and second instars) and large (third and fourth instars) larvae were reduced 90 and 87%, respectively, on the hybrid family and 96 and 97%, respectively, on S. berthaultii compared with CPB densities on S. tuberosum. In other field studies, three to four applications of insecticides timed by use of action thresholds were sufficient to maintain acceptably low levels of defoliation on three hybrid families, one application was needed on S. berthaultii, but three applications failed to control CPB on S. tuberosum