TGF-β Pathway Inhibition Protects the Diaphragm From Sepsis-Induced Wasting and Weakness in Rat

International audienceABSTRACT Sepsis is a frequent complication in patients in intensive care units (ICU). Diaphragm weakness, one of the most common symptoms observed, can lead to weaning problems during mechanical ventilation. Over the last couple of years, members of the transforming growth factor (TGF) β family, such as myostatin, activin A, and TGF-β1, have been reported to strongly trigger the activation of protein breakdown involved in muscle wasting. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TGF-β inhibitor LY364947 on the diaphragm during chronic sepsis. Rats were separated into four groups exposed to different experimental conditions: Control group, Septic group, Septic group with inhibitor from day 0 (LY D0), and Septic group with inhibitor from day 1 (LY D1). Sepsis was induced in rats by cecal ligation and puncture, and carried out for 7 days. Chronic sepsis was responsible for a decrease in body weight, food intake and diaphragm's mass. The inhibitor was able to abolish diaphragm wasting only in the LY D1 group. Similarly, LY364947 had a beneficial effect on the diaphragm contraction only for the LY D1 group. SMAD3 was over-expressed and phosphorylated within rats in the Septic group; however, this effect was reversed by LY364947. Calpain-1 and -2 as well as MAFbx were over-expressed within individuals in the Septic group. Yet, calpain-1 and MAFbx expressions were decreased by LY364947. With this work, we demonstrate for the first time that the inhibition of TGF-β pathway during chronic sepsis protects the diaphragm from wasting and weakness as early as one day post infection. This could lead to more efficient treatment and care for septic patients in ICU

Large-scale fabrication of structurally coloured cellulose nanocrystal films and effect pigments.

Cellulose nanocrystals are renewable plant-based colloidal particles capable of forming photonic films by solvent-evaporation-driven self-assembly. So far, the cellulose nanocrystal self-assembly process has been studied only at a small scale, neglecting the limitations and challenges posed by the continuous deposition processes that are required to exploit this sustainable material in an industrial context. Here, we addressed these limitations by using roll-to-roll deposition to produce large-area photonic films, which required optimization of the formulation of the cellulose nanocrystal suspension and the deposition and drying conditions. Furthermore, we showed how metre-long structurally coloured films can be processed into effect pigments and glitters that are dispersible, even in water-based formulations. These promising effect pigments are an industrially relevant cellulose-based alternative to current products that are either micro-polluting (for example, non-biodegradable microplastic glitters) or based on carcinogenic, unsustainable or unethically sourced compounds (for example, titania or mica).This work was supported by EPSRC [EP/R511675/1, EP/N016920/1], by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie research and innovation programme [H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016 722842] and by the European Research Council [ERC-2014-STG H2020 639088; ERC-2017-POC 790518]

The Hidden Side of Nanoporous β‐Li 3 PS 4 Solid Electrolyte

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Structurally Colored Radiative Cooling Cellulosic Films.

Funder: Purdue University; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100006377Funder: ASME Haythornthwaite Foundation ResearchFunder: Shanghai Jiao TongDaytime radiative cooling (DRC) materials offer a sustainable approach to thermal management by exploiting net positive heat transfer to deep space. While such materials typically have a white or mirror-like appearance to maximize solar reflection, extending the palette of available colors is required to promote their real-world utilization. However, the incorporation of conventional absorption-based colorants inevitably leads to solar heating, which counteracts any radiative cooling effect. In this work, efficient sub-ambient DRC (Day: -4 °C, Night: -11 °C) from a vibrant, structurally colored film prepared from naturally derived cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is instead demonstrated. Arising from the underlying photonic nanostructure, the film selectively reflects visible light resulting in intense, fade-resistant coloration, while maintaining a low solar absorption (≈3%). Additionally, a high emission within the mid-infrared atmospheric window (>90%) allows for significant radiative heat loss. By coating such CNC films onto a highly scattering, porous ethylcellulose (EC) base layer, any sunlight that penetrates the CNC layer is backscattered by the EC layer below, achieving broadband solar reflection and vibrant structural color simultaneously. Finally, scalable manufacturing using a commercially relevant roll-to-roll process validates the potential to produce such colored radiative cooling materials at a large scale from a low-cost and sustainable feedstock.Startup Funds from School of Mechanical Engineering at Purdue University, ASME Haythornthwaite Foundation Research Initiation Grant, the European Research Council (ERC-2014-STG H2020 639088), the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC: EP/R511675/1; EP/N016920/1; EP/L015978/1), the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC: BB/V00364X/1), the European Union Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie research and innovation programme (H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016 722842), the Shanghai Jiao Tong Grant

Archives, archivistes, archivistique dans l'Europe du Nord-Ouest du Moyen Âge à nos jours

Le colloque tenu au Centre des archives du monde du travail, l’un des cinq centres d’archives dépendant des Archives nationales, du 2 au 4 décembre 2004, est né du souhait de la section régionale Nord-Pas-de-Calais-Picardie de célébrer, au plan local, le centenaire de l’Association des archivistes français. Organisé avec la coopération du Centre de recherches historiques sur l’Europe du Nord-Ouest (Université de Lille 3), ce colloque a fondé son projet scientifique sur une démarche pluridisciplinaire mêlant archivistes et universitaires, professionnels et utilisateurs, aux liens naturellement étroits et aux finalités complémentaires. L’appel à communications, diffusé dès 2002, privilégiait une période chronologique large, allant de l’Antiquité à nos jours, et un espace géographique ouvert, comprenant les régions du nord-ouest de la France (Nord, Pas-de-Calais, Picardie, Normandie), la Belgique, les Pays-Bas, le nord de l’Allemagne, le Danemark, la Finlande, la Suède, la Norvège, l'Islande, le Royaume-Uni et l’Irlande. Dans cet espace sans cohérence historique apparente se sont tissés des liens politiques à géométrie variable et des relations économiques polymorphes, dont l’Union européenne forme la dernière représentation. Dans ce cadre aussi, par leur richesse ou par leur indigence, les archives sont le témoin privilégié du rapport entre l’espace et le temps, du flux et du reflux des activités et de l’autorité, mais aussi de la relation indéfectible entre la gouvernance et la mémoire, dont la nature et le mouvement demandent à être jalonnés de balises chronologiques et phénoménologiques. Les interventions devaient fournir aux chercheurs, aux historiens généalogistes comme aux amateurs, des clés d’accès à cette mémoire, afin d’éclairer le contexte de production et le contenu du matériau produit, transmis, légué et exploité. Elles ont été réparties en trois thèmes, appréhendant dans leur dimension historique l’objet mémoriel - les archives, - issu de l’action primaire des structures et des individualités qui le génèrent ; l’agent - les archivistes -, qui veille à la pérennité de la mémoire ; l’action - l’archivistique -, nécessaire à la préservation et fondée sur une science dont les principes se sont progressivement forgés

Cytoprotective Effects of the Red Marine Alga Chondrus canaliculatus Against Maneb-Induced Hematotoxicity and Bone Oxidative Damages in Adult Rats

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