Commedia del Conflitto

Ausgehend von der Fragestellung, wie es möglich ist, dass der Körper durch bestimmte Erscheinungen und Handlungen zur Ressource visueller Kommunikation im Protest wird, leistet die vorliegende Dissertation zwei innovative Forschungsbeiträge: Zum einen wird die Rolle des Körpers in der Interaktionsordnung kollektiven Handelns theoretisch aufgearbeitet. Damit werden zwei miteinander verwobene Lücken im Bereich der Protest- und Bewegungsforschung adressiert: Die unzureichende Auseinandersetzung mit visuellen Aspekten der Aktivität sozialer Bewegungen und die, trotz einiger Aufmerksamkeit für soziale Inszenierung, weitgehende Ausblendung der Rolle des Körpers bei der Betrachtung von Bewegungshandeln. Zum anderen wird auf Grundlage der theoretischen Erkenntnisse eine Methodologie entwickelt, die sich besonders für die Erforschung von Körperlichkeit in Verbindung mit den Interaktionsdynamiken im Protest eignet. Den Körper operationalisiere ich als Visualisierungsmedium im Konzept des Bild-Körpers mit Anleihen bei der Bild- und Drama-Theorie. Die empirische Analyse von Videomaterial zu den Anti-Castor-Protesten in der Region Wendland (Deutschland) des Jahres 2008 zeigte, dass der Körper als Symbolträger in Mikrodramen - kurzen dramatischen Interaktionsfolgen - in Erscheinung tritt, über die der Protest selbst zum mobilisierenden Ereignis wird. Durch Mikrodramen werden die Akteure unmittelbar mit den Narrativen und Master-Frames des Protests verbunden. Der sonst rhetorische Konflikt zwischen Aktivisten und Protestadressaten wird physisch manifest in Zeit und Raum. Die Verkörperung normativ geladener Konstellationen von antagonistischen Charakteren ist dabei ein wesentliches Moment. Die notwendige Spannung wird durch die Kompositionen der Bild-Körper vor allem im Sinnbild der Grenzverletzung konstruiert, worin der Angriff und die Verteidigung des Körpers eine Verbindung zu den emotionalen Konstruktionen der Würde und des Anstands herstellen.By asking how the human body becomes a crucial resource of visual communication in protest, this research advances scholarship in two main ways. First, I theorize the role of the body in terms of its appearances and actions, and in relation to collective action. Despite some scholarship attending to performative politics, this inquiry addresses several gaps in the theorizing about social movements such as the visual and embodied aspects of protest. Second, to anchor my theorization of the socially and physically situated body, I develop a methodology for researching corporality in association with protest interaction dynamics. I identify and conceptualize the body as a medium of visualization, which I call the pictorial body. Linking the pictorial body concept to the interface between scripts, narratives, and genres (SNG complex) lends the analyses to accounts of visual and dramaturgical theory. Empirically, I use original video data of the 2008 Anti-Castor protest campaign in Germany's Wendland. Findings show that the pictorial body is a primary carrier of symbolism in protest micro-dramas - short dramatic interaction episodes between challengers, targets, and third parties. As the most proximate medium, corporeal mobilizing experience - the call for action - can be treated as an outcome of protest action rather than only as a precondition. I argue that the embodied nature of micro-dramas during protest directly connects actors to movement narratives and master frames by making physically manifest in both space and time what is otherwise a rhetorical conflict. The embodiment of normatively framed constellations of antagonist characters is essential to this. More specifically, a conflictual relationship was crafted primarily by the composition of pictorial bodies in images of border violations, in which the attack and defense of the body connects to the emotionalizing constructs of dignity and decency

Aufgabenkultur im Sportunterricht

Die Sportpädagogik und die Sportdidaktik haben sich mit einem gewissen zeitlichen Verzug gegenüber den Didaktiken der naturwissenschaftlichen Fächer und der Mathematik den Anforderungen einer „neuen“ Aufgabenkultur zugewendet. Die Lernaufgabe wird als ergänzendes Aufgabenformat zur Bewegungsaufgabe diskutiert. Zur konzeptionellen Ausdifferenzierung in eine sportorientierte, eine künstlerisch-pädagogische und eine bewegungspädagogische Auslegung der Bewegungsaufgabe finden sich eine Reihe empirischer Studien zur aufgabenorientierten Gestaltung des Sportunterrichts. Jüngst wird die Aufgabenanalysefähigkeit von Sportlehrkräften in den Blick genommen. Zielebenen der entfalteten Aktivitäten sind die Entwicklung guter Aufgaben und die Qualifizierung von Sportlehrkräften für die Erteilung guten Sportunterrichts

Automated Verification for Functional and Relational Properties of Voting Rules

In this paper, we formalise classes of axiomatic properties for voting rules, discuss their characteristics, and show how symmetry properties can be exploited in the verification of other properties. Following that, we describe how automated verification methods such as software bounded model checking and deductive verification can be used to verify implementations of voting rules. We present a case study, where we use and compare different approaches to verify that plurality voting satisfies the majority and the anonymity property

Evaluating the Public Climate School, a multi-component school-based program to promote climate awareness and action in students: A cluster-controlled pilot study

Introduction: Despite the potential of school-based programs targeting climate awareness and action to support students in addressing the climate crisis and to improve their mental health and well-being, there is limited evidence for their effectiveness. In preparation for a cluster-randomized controlled trial, we assessed the feasibility of evaluating the Public Climate School (PCS), a one-week school program in Germany, and its effects on theory-based behavioral and psychological outcomes. Material and methods: We enrolled 158 students from 11 classes (grades 7–13) into a cluster-controlled pilot study. Four classes were allocated to the waitlist control group and 7 to the intervention group participating in the PCS in November 2021. Using online surveys, we assessed theory-based behavioral and psychological outcomes at baseline and follow-up. Two-level models were used to investigate changes in outcomes. Results: 125 students completed the baseline and follow-up survey (dropout rate: 21 %). For most outcomes we observed no between-group differences, except for pro-environmental communication and engagement (e.g., posting on social media; p=.040) and perceptions of environmental norms (p=.001) in the anticipated direction. Conclusion: This study confirmed the feasibility of evaluating the PCS and provides parameter estimates to guide sample size calculations and study design decisions for future research. Together with recent work on the association between collective action and mental health, the effect of the PCS on pro-environmental communication and engagement highlights the value of examining effects of education for sustainable development programs on student health and linking them to collective action in future work

Anxiety in response to the climate and environmental crises: validation of the Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale in Germany

Background: As the climate and environmental crises unfold, eco-anxiety, defined as anxiety about the crises’ devastating consequences for life on earth, affects mental health worldwide. Despite its importance, research on eco-anxiety is currently limited by a lack of validated assessment instruments available in different languages. Recently, Hogg and colleagues proposed a multidimensional approach to assess eco-anxiety. Here, we aim to translate the original English Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale (HEAS) into German and to assess its reliability and validity in a German sample. Methods: Following the TRAPD (translation, review, adjudication, pre-test, documentation) approach, we translated the original English scale into German. In total, 486 participants completed the German HEAS. We used Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess whether the four-factorial model of the original English version could be replicated in the German sample. Furthermore, associations with a variety of emotional reactions towards the climate crisis, general depression, anxiety, and stress were investigated. Results: The German HEAS was internally consistent (Cronbach’s alphas 0.71–0.86) and the Bayesian CFA showed that model fit was best for the four-factorial model, comparable to the factorial structure of the original English scale (affective symptoms, rumination, behavioral symptoms, anxiety about personal impact). Weak to moderate associations were found with negative emotional reactions towards the climate crisis and with general depression, anxiety, and stress. Discussion: Our results support the original four-factorial model of the scale and indicate that the German HEAS is a reliable and valid scale to assess eco-anxiety in German speaking populations

Anxiety in response to the climate and environmental crises: validation of the Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale in Germany

Background: As the climate and environmental crises unfold, eco-anxiety, defined as anxiety about the crises’ devastating consequences for life on earth, affects mental health worldwide. Despite its importance, research on eco-anxiety is currently limited by a lack of validated assessment instruments available in different languages. Recently, Hogg and colleagues proposed a multidimensional approach to assess eco-anxiety. Here, we aim to translate the original English Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale (HEAS) into German and to assess its reliability and validity in a German sample. Methods: Following the TRAPD (translation, review, adjudication, pre-test, documentation) approach, we translated the original English scale into German. In total, 486 participants completed the German HEAS. We used Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess whether the four-factorial model of the original English version could be replicated in the German sample. Furthermore, associations with a variety of emotional reactions towards the climate crisis, general depression, anxiety, and stress were investigated. Results: The German HEAS was internally consistent (Cronbach’s alphas 0.71–0.86) and the Bayesian CFA showed that model fit was best for the four-factorial model, comparable to the factorial structure of the original English scale (affective symptoms, rumination, behavioral symptoms, anxiety about personal impact). Weak to moderate associations were found with negative emotional reactions towards the climate crisis and with general depression, anxiety, and stress. Discussion: Our results support the original four-factorial model of the scale and indicate that the German HEAS is a reliable and valid scale to assess eco-anxiety in German speaking populations

Parallel paired electrolysis of green oxidizing agents by the combination of a gas diffusion cathode and boron-doped diamond anode

The generation of “green” oxidizing agents by electrochemical synthesis opens the field for sustainable, on-demand, and on-site production, which is often based on non-critical starting materials. In this study, electrosyntheses were carried out on different cathode and anode materials. In half-cell experiments, the cathodic synthesis of peracetic acid (PAA) was investigated on gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs), reaching 22.6 mmol L−1 of PAA with a current efficiency (CE) of 7.4%. Moreover, peroxodicarbonate (PODIC®) was produced anodically on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes with concentrations as high as 42.7 mmol L−1 PODIC® and a CE of 30.3%. Both cathodic and anodic processes were individually examined and improved. Finally, the half-cell reactions were combined as a proof of concept in a parallel paired electrolysis cell for the first time to achieve an increased overall CE

Disentangling structural and kinetic components of the {\alpha}-relaxation in supercooled metallic liquids

The particle motion associated to the {\alpha}-relaxation in supercooled liquids is still challenging scientists due to its difficulty to be probed experimentally. By combining synchrotron techniques, we found the existence of microscopic structure-dynamics relationships in Pt42.5Cu27Ni9.5P21 and Pd42.5Cu27Ni9.5P21 liquids which allows us to disentangle structural and kinetic contributions to the {\alpha}-process. While the two alloys show similar kinetic fragilities, their structural fragilities differ and correlate with the temperature dependence of the stretching parameter describing the decay of the density fluctuations. This implies that the evolution of dynamical heterogeneities in supercooled alloys is determined by the rigidity of the melt structure. We find also that the atomic motion not only reflects the topological order but also the chemical short-range order, which can lead to a surprising slowdown of the {\alpha}-process at the mesoscopic length scale. These results will contribute to the comprehension of the glass transition, which is still missing

Disentangling structural and kinetic components of the α-relaxation in supercooled metallic liquids

The particle motion associated to the α-relaxation in supercooled liquids is still challenging scientists due to its difficulty to be probed experimentally. By combining synchrotron techniques, we report the existence of microscopic structure-dynamics relationships in Pt42.5Cu27Ni9.5P21 and Pd42.5Cu27Ni9.5P21 liquids which allows us to disentangle structural and kinetic contributions to the α-process. While the two alloys show similar kinetic fragilities, their structural fragilities differ and correlate with the temperature dependence of the stretching parameter describing the decay of the density fluctuations. This implies that the evolution of dynamical heterogeneities in supercooled alloys is determined by the rigidity of the melt structure. We find also that the atomic motion not only reflects the topological order but also the chemical short-range order, which can lead to a surprising slowdown of the αprocess at the mesoscopic length scale. These results will contribute to the comprehension of the glass transition, which is still missing

Unravelling local spin polarization of Zhang-Rice singlet in lightly hole-doped cuprates using high-energy optical conductivity

Unrevealing local magnetic and electronic correlations in the vicinity of charge carriers is crucial in order to understand rich physical properties in correlated electron systems. Here, using high-energy optical conductivity (up to 35 eV) as a function of temperature and polarization, we observe a surprisingly strong spin polarization of the local spin singlet with enhanced ferromagnetic correlations between Cu spins near the doped holes in lightly hole-doped La$_{1.95}$Sr$_{0.05}$Cu$_{0.95}$Zn$_{0.05}$O$_{4}$. The changes of the local spin polarization manifest strongly in the temperature-dependent optical conductivity at ~7.2 eV, with an anomaly at the magnetic stripe phase (~25 K), accompanied by anomalous spectral-weight transfer in a broad energy range. Supported by theoretical calculations, we also assign high-energy optical transitions and their corresponding temperature dependence, particularly at ~2.5 ~8.7, ~9.7, ~11.3 and ~21.8 eV. Our result shows the importance of a strong mixture of spin singlet and triplet states in hole-doped cuprates and demonstrates a new strategy to probe local magnetic correlations using high- energy optical conductivity in correlated electron systems.Comment: 38 pages, 11 figure