CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

Peer reviewe

Pediatric kidney transplantation in Europe, a clinical snapshot pilot

BackgroundPediatric kidney transplantations are rarely performed, and there is limited knowledge about the diversity in current clinical practices across Europe. This study aims to explore the utility of clinical snapshot studies in identifying these disparities, establishing a foundation for future snapshot studies and standardization efforts.MethodsA pilot clinical snapshot study was conducted, with invitations extended to all 109 pediatric kidney transplant centres in Europe. Each participating centre provided pre-, peri-, and postoperative data concerning their most recent thirty transplantations. The primary outcomes encompassed the evaluation of disparities in donor-recipient selection, surgical techniques, post-operative drainage procedures, and immunosuppressive therapy protocols. Secondary outcomes involved the analysis of rejection rates, incidence of infections, and graft survival.ResultsThe study involved 439 patients from fifteen centres (14%) in twelve countries, with varying transplant volumes (range 1–29 transplantations per year) and follow-up periods. Significant differences were found among centres in terms of donor types, cold and warm ischemia time, pre-emptive transplant rates, and kidney transplant drainage methods. The rate of living donors varied between 3% and 90% and the median duration of cold ischemia ranged was 770 min after deceased donation and 147 min after living donation. Basiliximab was the dominant induction therapy, yet steroid withdrawal varied widely. Infection, rejection, and graft survival rates also varied significantly between centres.ConclusionThis study revealed substantial variation in clinical practices among European centres performing pediatric kidney transplantations. These findings could serve as a stimulus for international dialogue and collaboration

Combined presentation and immunogenicity analysis reveals a recurrent RAS.Q61K neoantigen in melanoma

Neoantigens are now recognized drivers of the antitumor immune response. Recurrent neoantigens, shared among groups of patients, have thus become increasingly coveted therapeutic targets. Here, we report on the data-driven identification of a robustly presented, immunogenic neoantigen that is derived from the combination of HLA-A*01:01 and RAS.Q61K. Analysis of large patient cohorts indicated that this combination applies to 3% of patients with melanoma. Using HLA peptidomics, we were able to demonstrate robust endogenous presentation of the neoantigen in 10 tumor samples. We detected specific reactivity to the mutated peptide within tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from 2 unrelated patients, thus confirming its natural immunogenicity. We further investigated the neoantigen-specific clones and their T cell receptors (TCRs) via a combination of TCR sequencing, TCR overexpression, functional assays, and single-cell transcriptomics. Our analysis revealed a diverse repertoire of neoantigen-specific clones with both intra- and interpatient TCR similarities. Moreover, 1 dominant clone proved to cross-react with the highly prevalent RAS.Q61R variant. Transcriptome analysis revealed a high association of TCR clones with specific T cell phenotypes in response to cognate melanoma, with neoantigen-specific cells showing an activated and dysfunctional phenotype. Identification of recurrent neoantigens and their reactive TCRs can promote "off-theshelf" precision immunotherapies, alleviating limitations of personalized treatments

Proceedings Of The 23Rd Paediatric Rheumatology European Society Congress: Part Two

PubMe

CMS physics technical design report: Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

This report presents the capabilities of the CMS experiment to explore the rich heavy-ion physics programme offered by the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The collisions of lead nuclei at energies ,will probe quark and gluon matter at unprecedented values of energy density. The prime goal of this research is to study the fundamental theory of the strong interaction - Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) - in extreme conditions of temperature, density and parton momentum fraction (low-x). This report covers in detail the potential of CMS to carry out a series of representative Pb-Pb measurements. These include "bulk" observables, (charged hadron multiplicity, low pT inclusive hadron identified spectra and elliptic flow) which provide information on the collective properties of the system, as well as perturbative probes such as quarkonia, heavy-quarks, jets and high pT hadrons which yield "tomographic" information of the hottest and densest phases of the reaction.0info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is described. The detector operates at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. It was conceived to study proton-proton (and lead-lead) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV (5.5 TeV nucleon-nucleon) and at luminosities up to 10(34)cm(-2)s(-1) (10(27)cm(-2)s(-1)). At the core of the CMS detector sits a high-magnetic-field and large-bore superconducting solenoid surrounding an all-silicon pixel and strip tracker, a lead-tungstate scintillating-crystals electromagnetic calorimeter, and a brass-scintillator sampling hadron calorimeter. The iron yoke of the flux-return is instrumented with four stations of muon detectors covering most of the 4 pi solid angle. Forward sampling calorimeters extend the pseudo-rapidity coverage to high values (vertical bar eta vertical bar <= 5) assuring very good hermeticity. The overall dimensions of the CMS detector are a length of 21.6 m, a diameter of 14.6 m and a total weight of 12500 t