Formation of heavy bottom water in the Barents Sea

Formation of heavy bottom water through rejection of brine during ide freezing is a regular phenomenon in the Barents Sea, particular on the Novaya Zemlya shelf, but also observed in other shallow localities of the sea. Water with temperature around -1°C and salinity above 34.95 is found moving eastwards on the southern side of the Novaya Zemlya-Franz Josef Land Channel which communicates with the Polar Sea. The relative high salinity is a result of admixture from heavy water formed during the freezing process

The effect of autistic traits on adaptive emotion regulation, and the possible long-term outcomes

Denne studien undersøker sammenhengen mellom følelsesmessige reguleringstendenser, autistiske trekk og deres mulige innvirkning på helseutfall. Ved å bruke spørreskjemaer som måler autistiske trekk (AQ-28) og emosjonelle reguleringstendenser (ERQ), sistnevnte er delt inn i to underskalaer kognitiv revurdering (adaptiv) og ekspressiv undertrykkelse (maladaptiv). Det ble også utført fysiologiske målinger av hjertefrekvensvariabilitet (HRV). Siden HRV kan betraktes som en fysiologisk måling for emosjonelle reguleringstendenser. Det ble funnet en signifikant sammenheng mellom høyere autistiske trekk og tendensen til ekspressiv undertrykkelse. Dette tyder på at individer med høyere autistiske trekk kan være mer utsatt for maladaptiv emosjonsregulering. Ingen andre utførte analyser hadde signifikante resultater, derfor er det nødvendig med ytterligere forskning med større utvalg for å undersøke temaene for denne studien. Studien diskuterer også potensielle medvirkende faktorer til dårlig emosjonsregulering knyttet til autistiske trekk, som kognitiv inflexibilitet og aleksithymi, og utforsker sammenhengen mellom emosjonelle reguleringsvansker og utbrenthet. Å forstå disse sammenhengene kan videre informere intervensjoner for å støtte individer med mange autistiske trekk i å håndtere deres følelsesmessige velvære. Videre forskning på denne sammenhengen anbefales også at blir utført.This study examines the link between emotional regulation tendencies, autistic traits, and their possible impact on health outcomes. Using questionnaires that measure autistic traits (AQ-28) and emotional regulation tendencies (ERQ), the latter being divided into two subscales cognitive reappraisal (adaptive) and expressive suppression (maladaptive), and physiological measurements of heart rate variability (HRV). Since HRV can be considered a physiological measurement for emotional regulation tendencies. A significant correlation between higher autistic traits and the tendency for expressive suppression was found. This suggests that individuals with higher autistic traits may be more prone to maladaptive emotional regulation. No other analyses performed had significant results, therefore, further research with larger samples is needed to investigate the topics of this study. The study also discusses potential contributing factors to poor emotional regulation related to autistic traits, such as cognitive inflexibility and alexithymia, and explores the relationship between emotional regulation difficulties and burnout. Understanding these connections can inform interventions to support individuals with many autistic traits in managing their emotional well-being. Further research into this connection is recommended as well

Reservoir Management under Uncertainty

Uncertainty poses a major concern in reservoir management. To maximize production, engineers and geoscientists use numerical models of the reservoir to simulate the production process in advance, and mathematical optimization is used to find an optimal recovery strategy. However, acquiring an accurate description of a subsurface hydrocarbon reservoir is impossible, and hence these models are highly susceptible to uncertainty. With uncertainties present in the model, it is hard to know what the optimal production configuration is, as the actual outcome might be different from the prediction. The standard approach to this issue is to use the expected values of the uncertain parameters when solving the optimization problem, which basically ignores the uncertainty. This thesis addresses the uncertainty problem in reservoir management. A methodology for handling optimization problems containing uncertain parameters,called stochastic programming, is introduced. The reservoir control optimization problem is formulated using this framework, and it is argued for why it is necessarily better than a regular deterministic formulation. A case study regarding a realistic reservoir model with uncertainties is carried out, showing how the stochastic solution yields higher expected return and fewer constraint violations than the deterministic solution. Moreover, it is explained how stochastic programming can be used to control risk when making decisions based on uncertain information

Strategic CSR Innovation - Serving Societal and Individual Needs

This report explores the challenges and opportunities of strategic CSR, and is primarily based on three cases of CSR-driven innovation in Norway. The study has been undertaken within the framework of a project on CSR-driven innovation organised and partially financed by the Nordic Innovation Centre and carried out by the business schools in the four Nordic capitals. Copenhagen Business School; BI – Norwegian School of Management, Helsinki School of Economics, Reykjavik Business University, Stockholm School of Economics. Some of the central insights emerging from this explorative study are that CSR-driven innovation entails a number of specific possibilities and constraints: 1) It allows a move beyond defensive and proactive CSR into a more rewarding synthesis between social and commercial concerns. 2) It introduces the paradigm of serving both societal and individual needs, thereby transcending the division between public and private goods. 3) It necessitates an alignment between micro-level business strategy and macro-level societal needs. 4) It creates new opportunities for finance, organisation, marketing and regulation, and allows new dynamic alignments to drive learning investments, niche markets and product differentiation. Chapter 1 discusses the core possibilities and constraints of CR-driven innovation, based on the three Norwegian cases that are presented in the following chapters 2 to 4. Chapter 5 provides some brief concluding remarks