Cor triatriatum sinister - ретка вродена срцева мана- наши искуства во дијагнозата и третманот во детска возраст

Cor triatriatum sinister is a rare congenital heart defect in which left atrium is divided in two parts with the fibromuscular membrane. The proximal atrium accepts the pulmonary veins with their blood flow, the distal or (real) atrium is usually empty and separated from the ventricle by the mitral valve. There is a constant communication between the two parts of the divided atrium by which the blood flow is redirected to the left ventricle. This defect is rare, usually isolated, but it might be combined with other congenital heart defects. We present cases of two children aged 8 and 3 years at the time of establishment the diagnosis. In both cases the main clinical signs were fatigue and heart murmur on auscultation. Anamnesis, clinical symptoms and signs, ECG, chest X ray and the gold standard – echocardiography were used for establishing the diagnosis. Definitive treatment was made with cardiosurgical resection of the fibromuscular membrane using extracorporeal circulation. Regular periodical evaluation is necessary in order to discover late complications of cardiac rhythm disturbancesCor triatriatum sinister е ретка срцева мана кај која левата преткомора е поделена на два дела со фибромускулна мембрана. Проксималната преткомора ги прима пулмоналните вени заедно со крвта која тие ја носат, а дисталната или (вистинска) преткомора е вообичаено празна и таа е поделена од комората со митралната валвула. Има постојана комуникација помеѓу двата дела на поделената преткомора преку која крвта се пренасочува кон левата комора. Маната е многу ретка, најчесто е изолирана, но може да оди во комбинација со други срцеви мани. Презентираме случаи на две деца на возраст од 8 и 3 години во времето кога е поставена дијагнозата. Кај обете причина за дијагнозата бил замор и чуен срцев шум. За поставување на дијагнозата беа користени анамнезата, клиничките знаци и симптоми, ЕКГ, рендген на срце и бели дробови и златниот стандард - ехокардиографијата. Дефинитивно излекување беше направено со изведување на кардиохируршка ресекција на фибромускулната мембрана со користење на екстракорпорална циркулација. Потребно е регуларно периодично следење на децата со цел откривање на доцни компликации од типот на нарушувања на срцевиот  ритам

Optimization and Kinetic Modelling of Total Phenols and Flavonoids Extraction from Tilia cordata M. Flowers

The main goal was to optimize and establish the kinetics and the thermodynamics of the extraction process. An investigation into the effects of ethanol  concentration (0–100 %), liquid to solid ratio (30–60 mL g–1), extraction temperature (25–65 °C), and extraction time (40–200 min) on the extraction of total  phenols (TP) and total flavonoids (TF) from linden (Tilia cordata M.) flowers was performed using single-factor experiments. Experimental results  showed that extraction conditions had a significant effect on the extraction of phenolic compounds. The optimized conditions were 50 % ethanol, liquid  to solid ratio 60 mL g–1 for 120 min at 55 °C, with values of 17.05 mg GAE g–1 dry weight (d.w.) for TP and 13.32 mg CE g–1 d.w. for TF. Extracted phenolic  compounds were analyzed by HPLC. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS assays. The applicability of different  mathematical models (model based for the unsteady diffusion through the plant material, model based on the film theory and model of Ponomaryov) to  describe the kinetics of the extraction process of TP and TF from linden flowers was studied as well. The mathematical models applied showed a good  agreement with the experimental results, which allows their application in modelling and optimizing the solid/liquid extraction process to extract TP and  TF from linden flowers.&nbsp

Lignicolous fungi as potential natural sources of antioxidants

As a result of an interest in natural derived metabolites around the world higher fungi (Basidiomycotina) have taken on great importance in biochemical investigations. A large number of structurally divergent compounds - both cellular components and secondary metabolites - have been extracted and found to possess significant biological activity, such as an immunomodulative effect on the human body. Effects of fungal biomolecules as potential natural antioxidants have not been examined so far. Biochemical analysis have included in vitro testing of the influence of different extracts (water methanol, chloroform) of selected fungal sporocarps on Fe2+/ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation (LP) in a lecithin liposome system by TBA assay, as well as various other procedures. Qualitative analysis by TLC revealed a distinction both between different extracts of the same fungal species and between similar extracts of different species. The results obtained on antioxidative activities (LP inhibition and "scavenging" activity) indicate that MeOH extracts manifested a degree of activity higher than that of CHCl3 extracts with respect to antioxidative activity, the extracts can be ranged in the following declining order: Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma applanatum Meripilus giganteus, and Flammulina velutipes. The obtained results suggest that the analyzed fungi are of potential interest as sources of strong natural antioxidants in the food and cosmetics industries, whereas synthetic ones have proved to be carcinogenic

Variability of Norway spruce morphometric characteristics in progeny tests in Bosnia and Herzegovina

U radu su prikazani rezultati analize morfometrijskih karakteristika sadnica smrče u testovima potomstva na području BiH, sa lokaliteta: Drinić i Srebrenica. Testovi potomstva osnovani su od sadnica koje vode porijeklo iz šest prirodnih populacija iz BiH. Mjerena je ukupna visina sadnica, prečnik korijenovog vrata, te udaljenost pršljenova od zemljišta što predstavlja visine koje su sadnice dostigle u 2011, 2012, 2013. i 2014. godini. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na statistički značajne razlike između analiziranih karakteristika posmatranih populacija. Posebno se izdvajaju populacije Potoci i Olovo, koje su u oba testa potomstva imale najveći prirast tokom posmatranog perioda. Uticaj suše tokom 2013. godine uočava se u testu potomstva u Srebrenici, pri čemu je prirast tokom 2013. godine manji od prirasta u 2012. godini za više od 50%. Uticaj suše u testu potomstva u Driniću se ne uočava. Istraživanja daju polazne osnove u selekcionisanju polaznih populacija, a kao glavni cilj postavlja se brz porast sadnica.The paper presents the results of an analysis of morphometric characteristics of Norway spruce seedlings in the progeny tests in Bosnia and Herzegovina, localities: Drinić and Srebrenica. Progeny tests were established by using seedlings originating from six natural populations from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Seedling height, root collar and whorl distance from the ground, which represents seedling heights in 2011, 2012 and 2013 were measured. The results indicate statistically significant differences between the analyzed characteristics of the observed population. Especially interesting are the populations Potoci and Olovo, which showed the highest growth during the observed period in both progeny tests. The impact of the drought in 2013 can be seen in the progeny test in Srebrenica where height growth in 2013 was lower by more than 50% in comparison to 2012. The impact of drought in the progeny test in Drinić was not observed. The research provides the baseline when selecting the starting population, where the rapid growth of seedlings is set as the main goal

Optimization and Kinetic Modelling of Total Phenols and Flavonoids Extraction from Tilia cordata M. Flowers

ABSTRACT The main goal was to optimize and establish the kinetics and the thermodynamics of the extraction process. An investigation into the effects of ethanol concentration (0-100 %), liquid to solid ratio (30-60 mL g-1), extraction temperature (25-65 °C), and extraction time (40-200 min) on the extraction of total phenols (TP) and total flavonoids (TF) from linden (Tilia cordata M.) flowers was performed using single-factor experiments. Experimental results showed that extraction conditions had a significant effect on the extraction of phenolic compounds. The optimized conditions were 50 % ethanol, liquid to solid ratio 60 mL g-1 for 120 min at 55 °C, with values of 17.05 mg GAE g-1 dry weight (d.w.) for TP and 13.32 mg CE g-1 d.w. for TF. Extracted phenolic compounds were analyzed by HPLC. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS assays. The applicability of different mathematical models (model based for the unsteady diffusion through the plant material, model based on the film theory and model of Ponomaryov) to describe the kinetics of the extraction process of TP and TF from linden flowers was studied as well. The mathematical models applied showed a good agreement with the experimental results, which allows their application in modelling and optimizing the solid/liquid extraction process to extract TP and TF from linden flowers. Keywords: Extraction conditions, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, mathematical models.</jats:p

Massive hemorrhage of upper gastrointestinal tract caused by gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach: Case report

Introduction. Acute bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal system is a medical emergency which is followed by high mortality rate, ranging from 6 to 15% in spite of modern diagnostic methods and treatment. Bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal system may be caused by gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach, which are mainly characterized by occult bleeding, while profuse bleeding rarely occurs accompanied by hemorrhagic shock. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of stomach are the most common mesenchimal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Case Report. In our study we showed a 60-year-old female patient with profuse bleeding from the stomach and the clinical picture of severe hemorrhagic shock, caused by gastrointestinal stromal tumor. An ovoid junction, raised towards the lumen, covered with ulcerated mucosa in several places and followed by massive arterial bleeding was found intraoperatively, after the performed gastrotomy. Histopathological examination with immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that this was a gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach. Discussion. Acute bleeding from the digestive system is a sudden and serious condition of the body. Urgent esophagogastroduodenoscopy is a sensitive and specific diagnostic and therapeutic method of choice. Massive bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract is very rarely caused by gastrointestinal stromal tumors, whose clinical picture is very heterogeneous and depends on tumor size and location. Abundant bleeding from the tumor is an indication for urgent surgical intervention. Conclusion. According to the literature massive hemorrhage of the upper digestive system can rarely be caused by gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach. It is shown that abundant hemorrhage of the upper digestive tract can be caused with gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Surgical resection is the main form of treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the digestive system and bleeding from these tumors caused by failure of endoscopic hemostasis.</jats:p