THE LEXICOGRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS OF PROCEDURAL TEXT IN SOME SELECTED WEB MAGAZINES

NENG MILIK WULANSARI: THE LEXICOGRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS OF PROCEDURAL TEXT IN SOME SELECTED WEB MAGAZINES Procedure text is one of the materials in lesson English. Usually, the teacher is only explaining generic structure like goal, material, and steps in a procedural text. So that, the students is just understood about generic structure and not understands about others features in procedural text. In fact according to Wignel and Gerot composition book, in procedure text there are generic structure and procedural text have also lexicogrammatical features. So, the writer interest in analyzing the lexicogrammatical analysis of procedural text in some selected web magazines. Lexicogrammatical features of various genres are integral to those genres, for it is through the lexicogrammatical choice that meaning is built up in a text. In this case, analyzing lexicogrammatical feature especially is procedure text. According to Gerot and Wignel (1994:206), lexicogrammatical explaining more detail about temporal conjunction/linking words, generalized human agents, simple present tense/imperative, material process/action verb, factual description of participant, and information details in procedure text. The writer was interest in analyzing the lexicogrammatical analysis of procedural text in some selected web magazines. In doing all, the writer analyzes the lexicogrammatical in procedural text by using qualitative research. The techniques of collecting data are by library research to found further in information and some theories related with subject matter from books, and browsing the websites from internet there are 10 procedure texts as object in this study. After data has been analyzed, the writer has concluded that the most complete text and most complete perfect in 10 procedure texts is procedure text of making candles, because there are 11 out of 11 elements of genre. Meanwhile, the function does the lexicogrammatical in the selected texts’ play. They are; the lexicogrammatical features can be measure completely of procedural text, the lexicogrammatical features can compare writing of procedure text with other procedure text, comparing completely of procedure text with other procedure text, and difference and similarity of procedure text. In conclusion, the writer found that the most complete text and most complete perfect of lexicogrammatical in procedural text on some selected web magazines is procedure text of making candles and there is function does lexicogrammatical in procedure text. The writer hopes this thesis can give contribution to increase the lexicogrammatical feature of procedure text for the teacher, the student and the next researcher

On ladder diagrams compilation and synthesis to FPGA implemented reconfigurable logic controller

The paper presents synthesis process of a hardware implemented reconfigurable logic controller from a ladder diagram according to IEC61131-3 requirements. It is focused on the originally developed a high-performance LD processing method. It is able to process a set of diagrams restricted to logic operations in a single clock cycle independently from the number of processed rungs. The paper considers the compilation of the ladder diagram into an intermediate form suitable for logic synthesis process according to developed processing method. The enhanced data flow graph (EDFG) has been developed for the intermediate representation of an LD program. The original construction of the EDFG with attributed edges has been described. It allows for efficient representation and processing of logic and arithmetic formulas. The set of compilation algorithms that allow to preserve serial analysis order and to obtain massively parallel processing unit are presented. The overview of a hardware mapping concludes the presented considerations

Chaos at the border of criticality

The present paper points out to a novel scenario for formation of chaotic attractors in a class of models of excitable cell membranes near an Andronov-Hopf bifurcation (AHB). The mechanism underlying chaotic dynamics admits a simple and visual description in terms of the families of one-dimensional first-return maps, which are constructed using the combination of asymptotic and numerical techniques. The bifurcation structure of the continuous system (specifically, the proximity to a degenerate AHB) endows the Poincare map with distinct qualitative features such as unimodality and the presence of the boundary layer, where the map is strongly expanding. This structure of the map in turn explains the bifurcation scenarios in the continuous system including chaotic mixed-mode oscillations near the border between the regions of sub- and supercritical AHB. The proposed mechanism yields the statistical properties of the mixed-mode oscillations in this regime. The statistics predicted by the analysis of the Poincare map and those observed in the numerical experiments of the continuous system show a very good agreement.Comment: Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science (tentatively, Sept 2008

PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAY AND STRAY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KERJA SAMA SISWA KELAS IV SD

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kemampuan kerja sama yang kurang terasah dengan baik pada siswa kelas IV A dalam salah satu SD Negeri di Kecamatan Sukasari Kota Bandung. Hal ini ditandai dengan kurangnya kontribusi siswa dalam diskusi dan dalam pengerjaan tugas kelompok pada saat pembelajaran secara kooperatif. Hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya kesadaran anak bahwa dalam kegiatan belajar secara berkelompok para siswa memiliki penanannya dan tanggung jawabnya masing-masing demi menunjang keberhasilan kelompok itu sendiri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kerja sama dengan menerapkan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Stay and Stray. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan mengadaptasi model PTK dari Kemmis dan Mc. Taggart. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua kali siklus. Subjek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV A yang berjumlah 28 orang, terdiri dari 12 siswa perempuan dan 16 siswa laki-laki. Hasil kemampuan kerja sama yang ditunjukan dari siklus I mencapai 59% dengan kategori kurang, sedangkan pada siklus II kemampuan kerja sama siswa meningkat, hingga hasil yang diperoleh mencapai 86% dengan kategori baik sekali. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran Kooperatif tipe Stay and Stray pada kelas IV A terbukti dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kerja sama yang dimiliki siswa. Dengan demikian diharapkan model pembelajaran ini dapat dijadikan suatu alternatif dalam pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan guru untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kerja sama siswa. ;---This research is based on the ability of cooperation that is not well honed in student in grade IVA at one elementary school in sub-district Sukasari Bandung. This is characterized by a lack of student contribution in discussions and in group work assignments when the learning activities are conducted in groups. This is due to a lack of awareness that child in learning activities in a group of students has its role and responsibilities of each in order to support the success of the group itself. The purpose of this research is to improve the ability of cooperation by implementing cooperative learning type of Stay and Stray. The methods used in this research is the Research Action class (PTK) and adapt the model PTK of Kemmis and Mc. Taggart. This research was carried out in two cycles. The subject of the research in this study are grade IV A of 28 people, consisting of 12 female students and 16 male students. The results indicated cooperation capabilities of the cycle-I achieve 59% with deficient categories, while on cycle-II cooperation capabilities of students increased, the results obtained to reach 86% by category. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the application of the Cooperative learning type of Stay and Stray on class IV A proven can improve teamwork owned students. Thus, it is hoped this

Persistent Unstable Equilibria in Wonderland

Models of the interactions between population, economy, and environment often contain nonlinear functional relationships and variables that vary at different speeds. These properties foster apparent unpredictabilities in system behavior. Using a simple deterministic model of demographic, economic and environmental interactions, we illustrate the usefulness of geometric singular perturbation theory and local bifurcation theory. In particular we show how it is possible to obtain analytic expressions for: (1) the level of emissions above which environmental deterioration begins, (2) the time it takes from reaching the critical level of emissions to the beginning of rapid environmental deterioration, and (3) the level of emissions at the time that rapid deterioration begins. Because our results are analytic, they make the outcomes of demographic, economic, and environmental interactions more predictable, and, therefore, potentially more manageable

Developing mathematical thinking in the primary classroom: liberating students and teachers as learners of mathematics

This paper reports on a research study conducted with a group of practising primary school teachers (n = 24) in North East Scotland during 2011–2012. The teachers were all participants in a newly developed Masters course that had been designed with the aim of promoting the development of mathematical thinking in the primary classroom as part of project supported by the Scottish Government. The paper presents the background for this initiative within the context of the Scottish Curriculum for Excellence reform. Particular attention is given to the epistemological positioning of the researchers as this influenced both the curriculum design process and also the theoretical framing of the research study which are both described. The project was set up within a design research framework, which aimed to promote classroom-based action research on the part of participants through the course and also research by the university researchers into the process of curriculum development. The research questions focused on the teachers’ confidence, competence, attitudes and beliefs in relation to mathematics and their expectations and experiences of the impact on pupil learning arising from this course. Empirical data were drawn from pre- and post-course surveys, interviews and observations of the discussion forums in the online environment. Findings from this study highlight the way the course had a transformational and emancipatory impact on these teachers. They also highlight ways in which the ‘framing’ of particular aspects of the curriculum had an oppressive impact on learners in the ways that suppressed creativity and limited the exercise of learner autonomy. Furthermore, they highlight the ways in which a number of these teachers had experienced mathematics as a school subject in very negative ways, involving high levels of ‘symbolic violence’ and of being ‘labelled’

Multimodal oscillations in systems with strong contraction

One- and two-parameter families of flows in $R^3$ near an Andronov-Hopf bifurcation (AHB) are investigated in this work. We identify conditions on the global vector field, which yield a rich family of multimodal orbits passing close to a weakly unstable saddle-focus and perform a detailed asymptotic analysis of the trajectories in the vicinity of the saddle-focus. Our analysis covers both cases of sub- and supercritical AHB. For the supercritical case, we find that the periodic orbits born from the AHB are bimodal when viewed in the frame of coordinates generated by the linearization about the bifurcating equilibrium. If the AHB is subcritical, it is accompanied by the appearance of multimodal orbits, which consist of long series of nearly harmonic oscillations separated by large amplitude spikes. We analyze the dependence of the interspike intervals (which can be extremely long) on the control parameters. In particular, we show that the interspike intervals grow logarithmically as the boundary between regions of sub- and supercritical AHB is approached in the parameter space. We also identify a window of complex and possibly chaotic oscillations near the boundary between the regions of sub- and supercritical AHB and explain the mechanism generating these oscillations. This work is motivated by the numerical results for a finite-dimensional approximation of a free boundary problem modeling solid fuel combustion

Incomplete approach to homoclinicity in a model with bent-slow manifold geometry

The dynamics of a model, originally proposed for a type of instability in plastic flow, has been investigated in detail. The bifurcation portrait of the system in two physically relevant parameters exhibits a rich variety of dynamical behaviour, including period bubbling and period adding or Farey sequences. The complex bifurcation sequences, characterized by Mixed Mode Oscillations, exhibit partial features of Shilnikov and Gavrilov-Shilnikov scenario. Utilizing the fact that the model has disparate time scales of dynamics, we explain the origin of the relaxation oscillations using the geometrical structure of the bent-slow manifold. Based on a local analysis, we calculate the maximum number of small amplitude oscillations, $s$, in the periodic orbit of $L^s$ type, for a given value of the control parameter. This further leads to a scaling relation for the small amplitude oscillations. The incomplete approach to homoclinicity is shown to be a result of the finite rate of `softening' of the eigen values of the saddle focus fixed point. The latter is a consequence of the physically relevant constraint of the system which translates into the occurrence of back-to-back Hopf bifurcation.Comment: 14 Figures(Postscript); To Appear in Physica D : Nonlinear Phenomen