Understanding Community Colleges in the Indian Context

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136494/1/cc20242.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136494/2/cc20242_am.pd

Study Of The Challenges That Hinder MSME Development In Montenegro : Country Report for the British Council and Swedish Institute

In addition to this Study, a further six studies were produced. One for each of the countries, under investigation (Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina, FYR Macedonia, Kosovo & Serbia) and a Main Report, which was published in May 2018.The European Commission’s Enlargement Package Report (2015), concluded that Montenegro continued to make progress as regards the political and economic criteria, and improved its ability to take on the obligations of EU membership. Good progress was made in improving the legislative framework for the independence of the judiciary and the fight against corruption (rule of law chapters, 23 and 24). However, Montenegro was tasked to make further progress in strengthening the institutional framework and in establishing a solid track record in the fight against corruption and organised crime. In December 2015, Montenegro received an invitation to join NATO, which was a major achievement; it became a member in 2017.  With a gross domestic product (GDP) of US 4.1 billion (constant 2010 value), Montenegro is the smallest economy in the Western Balkans and growth has been variable in recent years. However, Montenegro continues to play a constructive role in regional cooperation, ratifying its border agreements with both, Bosnia & Herzegovina and Kosovo. It terms of economic criteria, Montenegro has made progress in developing a functioning market economy (e.g. investments in infrastructure and tourism support economic activity). It has also strengthened the administration of its financial and labour markets, as well as on improving the business environment.. However, rapidly rising public debt and high fiscal deficits, together with high external imbalances and high unemployment are of concern. The combined effects of large-scale public infrastructure investments and several new expensive social expenditure programmes challenge fiscal sustainability. Montenegro is moderately prepared in its capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the Union. Some progress was achieved in improving the quality of infrastructure, the energy market and the digitalisation of the economy. SMEs support is modest but developing gradually. Unemployment in Montenegro is high, approaching 18% of the working population. However, this is average for the region, and only Serbia and Albania have lower rates. Montenegro is, however, a major importer of short-term labour to service the needs of the tourism, construction and agricultural sectors, which are the main pillars of its economy. However, substantial efforts are still required to develop human capital and a competitive export-oriented industry. In common with many of its Western Balkan neighbours, Montenegro has a skills shortage, although not to the extent of other countries. This shortage mainly translates into a need to import seasonal workers for the tourist, construction and agricultural sectors. Montenegro has a well-developed and competitive ICT sector compared with other countries in the region, but development remains in its infancy and there is a lot of potential for improvement. Despite this, business faces internal constraints and barriers, linked to skills, competences, finance and human resources. They also had problems with lack of information about foreign markets and how to access them. To contribute to the process of internationalisation, businesses need a better introduction to foreign markets, including information and facilitating access through contacts, legal and technical assistance or promotion. Total inward investment in Montenegro from other countries was US 3.3 billion in 2016. This level is low in absolute terms, particularly compared to other countries in the region (behind Serbia, Bosnia, Macedonia and Albania), but relatively high on a per capita basis. We undertook a survey of aspiring entrepreneurs across Montenegro. The sample was largely self-selected based on previous telephone surveys where respondents had expressed an interest in entrepreneurship, plus a review of the commercial register and referrals from respondents. The age distribution of aspiring entrepreneurs was under represented in younger age groups but higher in the 25–34 year old group compared with the population. Entrepreneurship aspirations are positive. There are very few problems with structural issues such as ease of forming a company. For example, establishing a business in Montenegro can be a time-consuming process. According to the World Bank’s Doing Business Report (2018), Montenegro was ranked 42nd globally for ease of doing business, a clear improvement on its previous ranking of 51st. Results from our survey, indicate five key issues stand out: 1. Access to finance is very challenging and acts as a significant barrier to both innovation and entrepreneurship. There is a particular need for access to affordable seed capital. This is a similar to the challenge being addressed by some of the rural micro-finance programs in Asia. 2. Connection to markets outside Montenegro and the Western Balkans region is challenging for new entrepreneurs. 3. There is a considerable amount of energy and effort already being injected, but significant scope for improving the skills of entrepreneurial teams. 4. The trading channels and payment methods accepted suggest our entrepreneurs are using basic business models, almost entirely face-to-face and strongly cash-based. 5. Three quarters of all businesses in the survey supplied larger organisations, which may be accounted by the very large public-sector base

Entrepreneurship education and development as an integral part of the enterprise system in Saudi Arabia

The impact of entrepreneurial activity on the economies of both industrialised and developing countries has been well established and theorised in the normative literature. However, it is besides eminent that the development of entrepreneurial activities and behaviour, through facilitation of education institutions, is less understood. As an engine of economic growth, there is intense interest from policy makers and academicians towards entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education. Many economists and politicians agree that entrepreneurship stimulates the generation of employment opportunities and wealth creation. As a result of these theorised conceptions, this paper takes a step forward and explores the role of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in entrepreneurship education and development in the context of Saudi Arabian economy. In doing so, the authors propose their conceptual framework that incorporates facets (based on entrepreneurship/experience and entrepreneurship education) of two theoretical frameworks. In summarising the conclusions, the authors present their research approach employed for validating their conceptual research framework

Effectiveness of HRD for developing SMEs in South Asia

Today South Asia is host to a large youth bulge which is entering the labor market every year posing challenging questions for the national governments in the context of employable skills, space for entrepreneurship, innovation and economic freedom. SME sector provides an opportunity for the young to exercise their ideas and ideals. However a prerequisite for the young to be innovate is the how countries produce and retain a high end human capital. This study provides a review of national socio-economic policies in South Asian region - which answer such challenges.human resource development, small and medium enterprises, economic growth, competitiveness

International Mobility of Engineers and the Rise of Entrepreneurship in the Periphery

entrepreneurship, knowledge economy, start-ups, information technology, venture capital, China, India, USA

Labor Market Trends and Institutions in Belarus

In most countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States, the transition to market led to the emergence of a private sector and open unemployment. The Belarusian labor market is characterized by low official unemployment, combined with a low share of the private sector in the aggregate employment. However, the cumulative fall in employment since 1990 has been similar to other transition economies, leading to a sharp reduction of labor force, and the youth unemployment remains high. The mismatch in skills between the unemployed and the vacancies and the geographical mismatch suggest that policies aimed at improving skills and increasing mobility are needed. At the same time, the low vacancy-unemployment ratio calls for policies aimed at encouraging private job creation. An immediate policy concern for the government is to launch a labor market reform that would balance providing adequate protection for workers with the need to design the incentives for the unemployed workers to search for new jobs.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40163/3/wp777.pd

Comparative study of selected indoor concentration from selective laser sintering process using virgin and recycled polyamide nylon (pa12)

Additive manufacturing (AM) stands out as one of the promising technologies that have huge potential towards manufacturing industry. The study on additive manufacturing impact on the environment and occupational exposure are attracting growing attention recently. However, most of the researcher focus on desktop and fused deposition modelling type and less attention given to the industrial type of AM. Usually, during the selective laser sintering process, recycle powder will be used again to reduce cost and waste. This article compares the PM 2.5, carbon dioxide (CO2) and total volatile organic compound (TVOC) concentration between virgin and recycles powder using polyamide-nylon (PA12) towards indoor concentration. Four phases of sampling involve during air sampling accordingly to the Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality 2010 by DOSH Malaysia. It was found that PM 2.5 and CO2 concentration are mainly generated during the pre-printing process. The recycle powder tended to appear higher compared to virgin powder in terms of PM 2.5, and CO2. The peak value of PM 2.5 is 1452 μg/m3 and CO2 is 1218 ppm are obtained during the pre-printing process during 8 hours of sampling. TVOC concentration from recycling powder is slightly higher during the post- printing phase where confirm the influence of the powder cake and PA12 temperature from the printing process. In summary, this work proves that elective laser sintering (SLS) machine operators are exposed to a significant amount of exposure during the SLS printing process. Mitigation strategies and personal protective equipment are suggested to reduce occupational exposure

CPLD based controller for single phase inverters

The DC-AC converter, also known as inverter, converts DC power to AC power at desired output voltage and frequency. The DC power input to the inverter is obtained from an existing power supply. Nowadays inverters use high power switching transistors either IGBT's and/or MOSFETs. In addition, the voltage and frequency of the source can be adjustable. These single phase inverters and their operating principles are analyzed in detail. In this project, a full-bridge, single phase inverter that uses a digital Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) to control the power switches at 18 kHz was constructed. The concept of PWM with different strategies for inverters is described. A type of filter is used to improve the distortion in the output waveform. A design and implementation of PWM by using complex programmable logic device (CPLD) from Altera MaxPlus II is constructed and programmed. The involved software, hardware, and suitable algorithm to implement and generate the PWM are developed in details. To verify the significant of this single phase inverter, the output voltage will be tested with resistive load and inductive load