Gelenkvierecke

In unserer Umgebung finden wir zahlreiche Phänomene kinematischer Art. Manche davon lassen sich schon mit recht elementarer Geometrie erklären. Gelenkvierecke, d.h. vier durch Gelenke miteinander verbundene Stangen, sind ein wichtiges Objekt kinematischer Betrachtungen. In diesem Beitrag sollen einige einfache Aussagen über und Beispiele zu Gelenkvierecken in unserer alltäglichen Umwelt aufgezeigt werden

The Broad Spectrum HDAC Inhibitor PCI-24781 Induces Caspase- and ROS-Dependent Apoptosis and is Synergistic with Bortezomib in Lymphoma

We investigated the cytotoxicity and biology of the novel broad-spectrum hydroxamic acid-based histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), PCI-24781. PCI-24781 was studied alone and combined with bortezomib in Hodgkin lymphoma (L428) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cell lines (Ramos, HF1, SUDHL4). PCI-24781 induced dose-dependent apoptosis that was associated with prominent G0/G1 arrest, decreased S-phase, increased p21 protein expression, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, PCI-24781-induced apoptosis was shown to be ROS- and caspase-dependent. Combined PCI-24781 and bortezomib exposure resulted in strong synergistic apoptosis in all cell lines (combination indices 0.19-0.6). Furthermore, compared to either agent alone, PCI-24781/bortezomib resulted in increased caspase cleavage, mitochondrial depolarization, and histone hyperacetylation. Microarray analyses showed that PCI-24781 alone significantly downregulated several antioxidant genes, proteasome components, and NF-kappaB pathway genes, effects which were enhanced further with bortezomib. RT-PCR confirmed downregulation of NF-kappaB targets NF-kappaB1 (p105), c-Myc, and IkappaB-kinase subunits, while gel-shift showed decreased NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity. Taken together, these results suggest that increased oxidative stress and NF-kappaB inhibition, leading to caspase activation and apoptosis, are likely responsible for the activity of PCI-24781 as well as the observed synergy with bortezomib. These data indicate that PCI-24781 has potential therapeutic value in lymphoma as a single-agent and combined with bortezomib

Collective Josephson Vortex Dynamics in Long Josephson Junction Stacks

We investigate the collective phase dynamics in conventional long Josephson junction (LJJ) stacks and in layered superconductors, exhibiting intrinsic LJJ behaviors. Using a theoretical model which accounts for both the magnetic induction effect and the breakdown of local charge neutrality (i.e., charging effect), we show that the collective motion of Josephson vortices, including the dispersion of Josephson plasma mode and the Swihart-type velocity, in an intrinsic LJJ stack such as Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+y}$ (BSCCO) is significantly modified from those in a conventional LJJ stack. In BSCCO, the strength of the charging effect $\alpha$ is small (i.e., $\alpha \sim 0.1-0.4$), but it leads to notable changes in collective phase dynamics, including changes to the stability condition. Also, we show that splitting of the supercurrent branch in the resistive state is due to collective motion of Josephson vortices. The width of spread of these sub-branches in the linear current-voltage regime depends on $\alpha$, suggesting another way to measure the charging effect in BSCCO.Comment: 27 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Physica C (2002

The Life of Lincoln Volume II

Accompanying the Life of Lincoln Medallic Biography Collection is a slipcase album, which is Volume II of a two-volume set. (Volume I is a short work entitled Abraham Lincoln: An Autobiographical Narrative, written and edited by Ralph Geoffrey Newman.) Inside the slipcase are two coin holders that contain twelve Life of Lincoln medals each. The Life of Lincoln volumes are contained within a subsequent slipcover.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-artifacts/2986/thumbnail.jp

The Battle of Shiloh (from the History of the Civil War Medal Collection)

The medal\u27s obverse design depicts a scene from the Battle of Shiloh. In the scene, a horse is pictured rearing on its hind legs with a rider on its back. The rider bends down with a sword pointed at an approaching soldier. A lifeless body is pictured in the foreground as the battle rages on in the background. On the reverse, Confederate and United States flags are pictured intersecting at the top of the medal. Several rifles appear behind the flags, and the image of an eagle is placed at the center of the intersection. At the medal\u27s bottom, a decorative border lines the edge.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-artifacts/2893/thumbnail.jp

Battle of the Crater (from the History of the Civil War Medal Collection)

The medal\u27s obverse design depicts a scene from the Battle of Petersburg Crater. In the scene, a group of approximately ten soldiers are pictured at battle with weapons raised. Three soldiers appear to be fighting at the base of the crater as the remaining soldiers storm over the crater\u27s edge. On the reverse, Confederate and United States flags are pictured intersecting at the top of the medal. Several rifles appear behind the flags, and the image of an eagle is placed at the center of the intersection. At the medal\u27s bottom, a decorative border lines the edge.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-artifacts/2915/thumbnail.jp

Battle of Gettysburg (from the History of the Civil War Medal Collection)

The medal\u27s obverse design depicts four soldiers holding rifles under the cover of natural vegetation. On the reverse, Confederate and United States flags are pictured intersecting at the top of the medal. Several rifles appear behind the flags, and the image of an eagle is placed at the center of the intersection. At the medal\u27s bottom, a decorative border lines the edge.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-artifacts/2900/thumbnail.jp

Pickett\u27s Charge (from the History of the Civil War Medal Collection)

The medal\u27s obverse design depicts five soldiers on foot with their rifles raised. A man on horseback and soldier carrying a flag are also pictured in the background. On the reverse, Confederate and United States flags are pictured intersecting at the top of the medal. Several rifles appear behind the flags, and the image of an eagle is placed at the center of the intersection. At the medal\u27s bottom, a decorative border lines the edge.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-artifacts/2970/thumbnail.jp