Interrill Soil Erosion as Affected by Tillage Methods under Cotton in Greece

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityThis is a paper from International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR, Commission Internationale du Genie Rural) E-Journal Volume 8 (2006): Interrill Soil Erosion as Affected by Tillage Methods under Cotton in Greece. Manuscript LW 05 006. Vol. VIII. February, 2006

Black hole chemistry, the cosmological constant and the embedding tensor

We study black-hole thermodynamics in theories that contain dimensionful constants such as the cosmological constant or coupling constants in Wald's formalism. The most natural way to deal with these constants is to promote them to scalar fields introducing a (d-1)-form Lagrange multiplier that forces them to be constant on-shell. These (d-1)-form potentials provide a dual description of them and, in the context of superstring/supergravity theories, a higher-dimensional origin/explanation. In the context of gauged supergravity theories, all these constants can be collected in the embedding tensor. We show in an explicit 4-dimensional example that the embedding tensor can also be understood as a thermodynamical variable that occurs in the Smarr formula in a duality-invariant fashion. This establishes an interesting link between black-hole thermodynamics, gaugings and compactifications in the context of superstring/supergravity theories.Comment: References added, 43 pages, no figure

Reconstruction-based visual anomaly detection in wound rotor synchronous machine production using convolutional autoencoders and structural similarity

Manufacturing wound rotor synchronous machines (WRSMs) for electric vehicle traction systems necessitates rigorous quality inspection to ensure optimal product performance and efficiency. This paper presents a novel visual anomaly detection method for monitoring the needle winding process of WRSMs, utilizing unsupervised learning with convolutional autoencoders (CAEs) and the structural similarity index measure (SSIM). The method identifies deviations from the desired orthocyclic winding pattern during each stage of the winding process, enabling early detection of winding errors and preventing resource wastage and potential damage to the product or winding machinery. Trajectory-synchronized frame extraction aligns the visual inspection system with the winding trajectory, ensuring precise monitoring traceable to a specific point in the winding process. We present the comprehensive Winding Anomaly Dataset (WAD), which comprises images of WRSM rotor prototypes with and without winding faults recorded in different lighting conditions. The proposed reconstruction-based anomaly detection technique is trained on fault-free data only and utilizes the introduced masked mean structural dissimilarity index measure (MMSDIM) to focus on the relevant sections of the winding during inference. Comprehensive comparative analysis reveals that the CAE with unregularized latent space and the maximum mean discrepancy Wasserstein autoencoder (MMD-WAE) outperform the beta variational autoencoder (beta-VAE) in terms of anomaly detection performance, with the CAE and WAE delivering comparable results. Extensive testing confirms the approach’s effectiveness, achieving 95.6 % recall at 100 % precision, an AUROC of 99.9 %, and an average precision of 99.1 % on the challenging WAD, considerably outperforming state-of-the-art visual anomaly detection models. This work thus offers a robust solution for WRSM production quality monitoring and promotes the incorporation of visual inspection in electric drive manufacturing systems

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay efficiency varies in choroideremia providing a target to boost small molecule therapeutics

Choroideremia (CHM) is an x-linked recessive chorioretinal dystrophy, with 30% caused by nonsense mutations in the CHM gene resulting in an in-frame premature termination codon (PTC). Nonsense mediated decay (NMD) is the cell's natural surveillance mechanism, that detects and destroys PTC containing transcripts, with UPF1 being the central NMD modulator. NMD efficiency can be variable amongst individuals with some transcripts escaping destruction, leading to the production of a truncated non-functional or partially functional protein. Nonsense suppression drugs, such as ataluren, target these transcripts and read-through the PTC, leading to the production of a full length functional protein. Patients with higher transcript levels are considered to respond better to these drugs, as more substrate is available for read-through. Using RT-qPCR, we show that CHM mRNA expression in blood from nonsense mutation CHM patients is 2.8-fold lower than controls, and varies widely amongst patients, with 40% variation between those carrying the same UGA mutation (c.715 C > T; p.[R239*]). These results indicate that although NMD machinery is at work, efficiency is highly variable and not wholly dependent on mutation position. No significant difference in CHM mRNA levels was seen between two patients' fibroblasts and their iPSC-derived RPE. There was no correlation between CHM mRNA expression and genotype, phenotype or UPF1 transcript levels. NMD inhibition with caffeine was shown to restore CHM mRNA transcripts to near wildtype levels. Baseline mRNA levels may provide a prognostic indicator for response to nonsense suppression therapy, and caffeine may be a useful adjunct to enhance treatment efficacy where indicated

Few in Number

My first work that implements voice and live sound processing, Few in Number uses the numbers found in the book titled “Numbers” in the Old Testament. The numbers in the first chapter of the book define the sectional proportions of my composition. The numbers were interpreted as seconds, and in some instances, divided by 2, to create smaller segments, without abandoning the original proportions of the numbers listed in the book. The main carrier of the aforementioned proportions is a composed vocal line, inspired locally by melismata typical of the Byzantine chant tradition. The live processing is a culmination of techniques and tools, as they were developed and adapted in the three semesters leading up to this work. The programming environment used is Max/MSP, developed by Cycling ’74®. My work features eight different processes. In order of implementation, these are: 1 infinite reverb, 3 harmonizers, 1 ring modulator, 1 general reverb, 1 comb filter, 1 delay (both variable and fixed), 1 granular sampler, 1 re-synthesis component, 1 record and playback module. Those processing modules are used either alone, or in combinations, augmenting the vocal part. The main goal of the work is to create an extended vocal performance, enriched by live sound processing. For that reason, only one section of the work features pre-recorded materials, whereas the rest are produced by the accompanying software in real time

Cdk5 interacts with Hif-1α in neurons: A new hypoxic signalling mechanism?

The cyclin dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)/p35 complex is essential for regulation of cell survival during development and in models of neuronal excitotoxicity. Dysregulation of Cdk5, by cleavage of its neuronal specific activators p35 and p39, has been implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, however targets of the complex that regulate neuronal survival physiologically and/or during pathogenesis are largely unknown. Since hypoxia is a key feature in the pathogenesis of several neuronal disorders we investigated a role for Cdk5/p35 in the neuronal hypoxic response. Our data shows that hypoxia modulates the p35/Cdk5 complex in primary cortical neurons at the transcriptional and protein level. Furthermore hypoxic induction of Cdk5 activity correlates with Hif-1α stabilisation, and direct interaction between these proteins can occur. Importantly, we demonstrate that Cdk5-mediated signaling is involved in Hif-1α stabilisation since inhibition of Cdk5 by roscovitine abrogates Hif-1α accumulation and induces cell death. Taken together our results show that the Cdk5/p35 complex may significantly contribute to modulation of Hif-1α stabilisation and impact neuronal survival during oxygen deprivation. Thus this study highlights a new hypoxia-mediated signaling pathway and implicates the cytoskeleton as a potential regulator of Hif-1α. Section: Cellular and Molecular Biology of Nervous Systems

Komar integral and Smarr formula for axion-dilaton black holes versus S duality

We construct the Komar integral for axion-dilaton gravity using Wald’s formalism and momentum maps and we use it to derive a Smarr relation for stationary axion-dilaton black holes. While the Wald-Noether 2-form charge is not invariant under SL(2, ℝ) electric-magnetic duality transformations because Wald’s formalism does not account for magnetic charges and potentials, the Komar integral constructed with it turns out to be invariant and, in more general theories, it will be fully symplectic invariant. We check the Smarr formula obtained with the most general family of static axion-dilaton black hole

The first law of heterotic stringy black hole mechanics at zeroth order in alpha prime

We re-derive the first law of black hole mechanics in the context of the Heterotic Superstring effective action compactified on a torus to leading order in alpha prime, using Wald's formalism, covariant Lie derivatives and momentum maps. The Kalb-Ramond field strength of this theory has Abelian Chern-Simons terms which induce Nicolai-Townsend transformations of the Kalb-Ramond field. We show how to deal with all these gauge symmetries deriving the first law in terms of manifestly gauge-invariant quantities. In presence of Chern-Simons terms, several definitions of the conserved charges exist, but the formalism picks up only one of them to play a role in the first law. This work is a first step towards the derivation of the first law at first order in alpha prime where, more complicated, non-Abelian, Lorentz ("gravitational") and Yang-Mills Chern-Simons terms are included in the Kalb-Ramond field strength. The derivation of a first law is a necessary step towards the derivation of a manifestly gauge-invariant entropy formula which is still lacking in the literature. In its turn, this entropy formula is needed to compare unambiguously macroscopic and microscopic black hole entropies.Comment: A complete example in which the momentum maps of a non-extremal, charged, black ring are computed, has been added to the paper. 45 page

Η θέση της υστερίας στη σύγχρονη ψυχιατρική και ψυχανάλυση

Βασικός στόχος της παρούσας εργασίας είναι να διερευνήσει τη θέση της υστερίας, της πρώτης κλινικής οντότητας που μελετήθηκε ψυχαναλυτικά, στη σύγχρονη ψυχιατρική και ψυχανάλυση. Όσον αφορά το υλικό και τη μεθοδολογία, η παρούσα εργασία αποτελεί ποιοτική έρευνα, με συνδυασμό εννοιολογικής και κλινικής μελέτης περίπτωσης ασθενούς με υστερική παθολογία, σε ψυχοδυναμική ψυχοθεραπεία ενός έτους. Η ανασκόπηση περιέλαβε δημοσιευμένες εργασίες μέσω της μηχανής αναζήτησης ‘PEP Web’, βιβλία στην ελληνική και αγγλική γλώσσα και εκδόσεις περιορισμένης κυκλοφορίας. Αρχικά, θα γίνει μία σύντομη ιστορική αναδρομή στην ψυχαναλυτική ιστορία της υστερίας και στον καθοριστικό ρόλο της συγκεκριμένης παθολογίας στη γέννηση κι επεξεργασία των βασικότερων ψυχαναλυτικών εννοιών και τεχνικών. Στη συνέχεια, θα ερευνηθεί η θέση της υστερίας στην επίσημη ψυχιατρική, μέσα από τη διαδρομή της στα ταξινομητικά συστήματα DSM και ICD, διερευνώντας ποιες από τις σύγχρονες ψυχοπαθολογικές οντότητες αποτελούν κομμάτια της. Αντιστοίχως, θα αναδειχθεί η θέση της υστερίας στη σύγχρονη ψυχανάλυση, μέσα από κριτική ανασκόπηση της βιβλιογραφίας για την υπό μελέτη έννοια. Πρωταρχικό μέλημα είναι η αναζήτηση των κυριότερων και ειδικών ψυχικών μηχανισμών γέννησης της υστερίας στο υποκείμενο. Επιπρόσθετα, τα κύρια χαρακτηριστικά της υστερίας, από την εποχή της αρχικής της μελέτης από τον Freud, η ειδική έκφραση της σεξουαλικότητας, η χρήση του σώματος και η θεατρικότητα, θα αναδειχθούν υπό το πρίσμα νέων απόψεων. Μελετώνται, ακόμα και οι μηχανισμοί άμυνας που μεταχειρίζεται ο υστερικός ασθενής. Η αποσύνδεση (detachment), η απώθηση (repression) και η σωματομετατροπή (conversion) τίθενται εκ νέου επί τάπητος. Παράλληλα, αναζητάται η σύνδεση της υστερίας, με βάση τη συσχέτισή της με καθηλώσεις όχι μόνο στο οιδιπόδειο σύμπλεγμα, αλλά και σε πιο πρώιμα στάδια της ανάπτυξης, με πιο πρώιμους μηχανισμούς άμυνας, όπως η προβολή (projection), η απάρνηση (denial, disavowal), η σχάση (splitting) και η προβλητική ταύτιση (projective identification). Δίνεται, επίσης, βαρύτητα στο ρόλο των ταυτίσεων στο σχετίζεσθαι των υστερικών ασθενών. Αναδεικνύεται η ιδιάτερη χροιά στη μεταβίβαση και αντιμεταβίβαση που αναδύονται στη θεραπεία υστερικού ασθενούς. Τα δύο αυτά στοιχεία είναι και τα καθοριστικά για τη διάγνωση και τη διαφοροποίηση της υστερίας από συναφείς ψυχοπαθολογίες. Στο τελευταίο κομμάτι της εργασίας παρατίθεται κλινικό υλικό από ψυχοδυναμική ψυχοθεραπεία υστερικής ασθενούς, το οποίο μελετάται υπό το πρίσμα των σύγχρονων θεωρητικών προσεγγίσεων που έχουν παρατεθεί.The main objective of this work is to investigate the position of hysteria, the first clinical entity studied psychoanalytically, in modern psychiatry and psychoanalysis. In terms of material and methodology, this paper is a qualitative research, with a combination of conceptual and clinical case study of a patient with hysterical pathology, in one year's psychodynamic psychotherapy. The review included published works through the 'PEP Web' search engine, books in Greek and English and grey literature. Initially, there will be a brief historical flashback to the psychoanalytical history of hysteria and to the decisive role of this pathology in the birth and processing of the most basic psychoanalytical concepts and techniques. The position of hysteria in official psychiatry will then be investigated, through its path to the DSM and ICD classification systems, exploring which of the modern psychopathological entities are part of it. Similarly, the position of hysteria in modern psychoanalysis will emerge, through a scoping review of the literature on the concept under study. The primary concern is the search for the main and specific mental mechanisms of the birth of hysteria in the subject. In addition, the main characteristics of hysteria, from the time of Freud's initial study, the special expression of sexuality and theatricality, will emerge in the light of new opinions. Even the defense mechanisms that the hysterical patient treats are studied. Detachment, repression and conversion are again on the table. At the same time, the connection of hysteria with earlier defense mechanisms is sought, based on its association with fixations at earlier stages of development and not only in the oedipod complex, such as projection, denial (disavowal) and projective identification. The role of identifications in the relations of hysterical patients is also given weight. The particular tinge in the transference and counter-transference that emerges in the treatment of a hysterical patient is highlighted. These two elements are also the determining factors for diagnosing and differentiating hysteria from related psychopathologies. The last part of this work provides clinical material from psychodynamic psychotherapy of a hysterical patient, which is studied in the light of the modern theoretical approaches that have been cited