How can airlines’ ESG activities be evaluated by consumers? Development of consumer-driven ESG measurement to validation

Despite the inclusion of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) initiatives seeming ubiquitous in today’s corporate practices, there is still a lack of systematic research addressed on how the corporate\u27s ESG activities affect consumers\u27 overall perception. This study aims to determine whether perceived airline ESG practices affect consumers’ behavioral intention and if brand image, attachment, and attitude mediate this relationship. Initially the ESG measurement of consumer perception was developed for the airline industry, and then an online survey was conducted of 567 South Korean consumers. Data was analyzed by using the partial least squares structural equation modeling. Our research findings provide insights from consumers\u27 perspectives by analyzing multi-dimensional E, S, and G initiatives perceptions that differentiate influences on brand image, attachment, attitude, and consumers’ behavioral intentions. This study emphasizes the importance of “governance” among ESG construct in increasing airline brand image, attachment, and consumer attitude that ultimately impact consumers’ behavioral intention

Electrolocation based on tail-bending movements in weakly electric fish

SUMMARYWeakly electric fish generate an electric field with their electric organ to navigate in space, detect objects and communicate with conspecifics. Several studies have examined how electric fish identify objects with their electroreceptors and use electric images for electrolocation. It has been argued that sensor readings from electroreceptors along the rostrocaudal line allow fish to determine the location of a target object. It is well known that the ratio between the maximal slope and the maximal amplitude of the electric image can allow the discrimination of object distances, regardless of object size and conductivity. In order to understand the temporal pattern of electric images, we used a model of electric field perturbation. Using the model, we suggest that the temporal pattern generated at an electrosensor during tail bending is another cue that can be used by the fish to discriminate object distances. The time course of electric sensor signals from a specific electroreceptor when tail-bending movements are applied can provide information about the lateral distance of a target object.</jats:p

Electrolocation with an electric organ discharge waveform for biomimetic application

Weakly electric fish use electric organ discharge (EOD) and their electroreceptors to identify prey, explore their surroundings, and communicate with other members of the same species. They are specialized in active electrolocation using a self-generated electric field, and they can sense distortion of their self-generated electric field caused by a target object. Electric fish have many electrosensors on the surface of their body, and the sensor readings from the electroreceptors form an electric image. A correlation exists between features of the electric images and characteristics of a target object. In estimating the location of a target object, the intensity, width, and slope of the electric image must be considered. In this article, we suggest that periodic EOD signals are helpful to extract localization features from noisy electrosensory signals. Cross-correlation between an efference copy signal and sensory signals in the waveform can produce filtered signals in the temporal domain. For a biomimetic fish robot, we can use two-phase filtering: noise-filtering with cross-correlation in the temporal axis and additional filtering in the rostrocaudal spatial axis. This spatiotemporal filtering can effectively remove noise, thus making it possible to obtain accurate localization features of a target object in an underwater environment.</jats:p

Electrolocation of multiple objects based on temporal sweep motions

Weakly electric fish use self-generated electric fields to identify prey, explore their surroundings, and communicate with conspecifics. They have electroreceptors over their entire skin surfaces, and readings from these electroreceptors form electric images. The characteristics of electric images include important information such as the locations, shapes, and electrical properties of target objects. The lateral distance to a target object can be estimated using the rate between maximal slope and maximal amplitude, or relative slope, and provides a direct cue to localize target objects, irrespective of size and electrical properties. Sensor readings acquired from distributions of electroreceptors are interpreted as spatial electric images. Temporal electric images can be assessed using a single electroreceptor by back-and-forth swimming. Some species of weakly electric fish engage in back-and-forth swimming behavior during foraging and can use spatiotemporal information to localize objects. With active body movement and forward swimming, a single electroreceptor can scan the time course of potential perturbation caused by a target object. If there is more than one target object, electric images may be distorted by interactions between individual images. In this paper, we suggest that temporal relative slope is an effective measure for the electrolocation of multiple objects by robotic systems. We investigate the characteristics of temporal relative slopes based on back-and-forth sweeping motions to localize multiple spherical objects via modeling experiments. This method can be applied to biomimetic robotic systems in the underwater environment. </jats:p

How can airlines’ ESG activities be evaluated by consumers? Development of consumer-driven ESG measurement to validation

Hany Kim is an Associate Professor in the Department of Tourism and Convention at the Pusan National University, Republic of Korea. She received her Ph.D. in Tourism from the University of Florida. Her current research focuses on destination marketing and branding, tourist perception and cross-cultural issues in media and user-generated media. Miyoung Sim is a Ph.D student in the Department of Tourism and Convention at Pusan National University. Her research interests are destination branding, sustainable tourism, airline service, and cross-cultural human resource management.Despite the inclusion of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) initiatives seeming ubiquitous in today’s corporate practices, there is still a lack of systematic research addressed on how the corporate's ESG activities affect consumers' overall perception. This study aims to determine whether perceived airline ESG practices affect consumers’ behavioral intention and if brand image, attachment, and attitude mediate this relationship. Initially the ESG measurement of consumer perception was developed for the airline industry, and then an online survey was conducted of 567 South Korean consumers. Data was analyzed by using the partial least squares structural equation modeling. Our research findings provide insights from consumers' perspectives by analyzing multi-dimensional E, S, and G initiatives perceptions that differentiate influences on brand image, attachment, attitude, and consumers’ behavioral intentions. This study emphasizes the importance of “governance” among ESG construct in increasing airline brand image, attachment, and consumer attitude that ultimately impact consumers’ behavioral intention