Adult hookworms (Necator spp.) collected from researchers working with wild western lowland gorillas

Background: In general, studies on the diversity of strongylid nematodes in endangered host species are complicated as material obtained by non-invasive sampling methods has limited value for generic and species identification. While egg morphology barely allows assignment to family, the morphology of cultivated infective third stage larvae provides a better resolution at the generic level but cannot be used for exact species identification. Morphology-based taxonomic approaches greatly depend on the examination of adult worms that are usually not available. Methods: Hookworm parasites in two European researchers, who participated in gorilla research in the Central African Republic, were expelled after anthelmintic treatment to the faeces, collected and morphologically examined. A male worm discharged naturally from a wild bonobo (Pan paniscus) in Congo was also examined for comparison. Results: Two species of Necator were identified in researchers' faecal material: Necator americanus (Stiles, 1902) and N. gorillae Noda & Yamada, 1964; the latter species differed in having a smaller body, smaller buccal cavity and shorter spicules with spade-shaped membranes situated distally. Males of N. gorillae also possessed unusual cuticular thickenings on the dorsal side of the prebursal region of the body. These characters, shared with the male worm from the bonobo, correspond well to the description of N. gorillae described from gorillas in Congo. Conclusions: Based on the morphology of the hookworms recovered in this study and previous molecular analyses of larvae developed from both humans and western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) from this locality, we conclude that the researchers became infected with gorilla hookworms during their stay in the field. This is the first report of infection with a Necator species other than N. americanus in humans

How many species of whipworms do we share? Whipworms from man and other primates form two phylogenetic lineages

The whipworms, i.e. parasitic nematodes of the genus Trichuris Roederer, 1761, infect a variety of mammals. Apparently low diversity of primate-infecting species of Trichuris strongly contrasts with the high number of species described in other mammalian hosts. The present study addresses the diversity of whipworms in captive and free-ranging primates and humans by analysing nuclear (18S rRNA, ITS2) and mitochondrial (cox1) DNA. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that primate whipworms form two independent lineages: (i) the Trichuris trichiura (Linnaeus, 1771) clade comprised of genetically almost identical whipworms from human and other primates, which suggests the ability of T. trichiura to infect a broader range of primates; (ii) a clade containing primarily Trichuris suis Schrank, 1788, where isolates from human and various primates formed a sister group to isolates from pigs; the former isolates thus may represent of more species of Trichuris in primates including humans. The analysis of cox1 has shown the polyphyly of the genera Trichuris and Capillaria, Zeder, 1800. High sequence similarity of the T. trichiura isolates from humans and other primates suggests their zoonotic potential, although the extent of transmission between human and other non‐human primates remains questionable and requires further stud

Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens show circadian co-periodicity in naturally co-infected dogs

The proportion of present microfilariae (/ml) at each sampling time and results of duplex PCRs. (XLSX 11 kb

The United States of America and the Recognition of the Provisional Czechoslovak Government, 1939-1941

Tato práce se zabývá problémem uznání československé exilové vlády ve Velké Británii ze strany Spojených států za druhé světové války. Práce má za cíl analyzovat celý proces uznání této vlády a určit, které problémy či osoby jeho průběh ovlivňovaly a jaký vliv mělo to, že severoamerická velmoc nebyla v této době ve válce. Časově je hlavní část práce vymezena léty 1939, tedy zánikem samostatného československého státu, a rokem 1941, kdy došlo k uznání exilové vlády, v té době v Londýně, Spojenými státy jako vlády prozatímní. Pro uvedení do tématu je zde první část věnována také vzájemným vztahům v meziválečném období a i v době Mnichovské krize. Finální část je poté věnována plnému uznání vlády v roce 1942 a povýšení vzájemných vztahů z úrovně vyslanecké na velvyslaneckou v roce 1943. Klíčová slova: Československo, Spojené státy americké, druhá světová válka, československá exilová vláda, mezinárodní vztahy, Edvard Beneš, Franklin D. RooseveltThis thesis deals with the problem of the recognition of the Czechoslovak government- in-exile in Great Britain by the United States during the Second World War. The aim of the work is to analyze the entire process of recognition of this government and to determine which problems or persons influenced its course and what influence it had that the North American power was not at war at this time. In terms of time, the main part of the work is defined by the years 1939, i.e. the demise of the independent Czechoslovak state, and 1941, when the government in exile, at that time in London, was recognized by the United States as provisional government. To introduce the topic, the first part is also devoted to mutual relations in the interwar period and also during the Munich crisis. The final part is then devoted to the full recognition of the government in 1942 and the promotion of mutual relations from the level of envoy to ambassador in 1943. Key Words: Czechoslovakia, United States of America, World War II, Czechoslovak government-in-exile, international relations, Edvard Beneš, Franklin D. RooseveltInstitute of General HistoryÚstav světových dějinFilozofická fakultaFaculty of Art

Vývoj struktur a schopností ozbrojených sil pobaltských republik

Currently, due to the deteriorated security situation in Europe, significantly more states are emphasizing the development of capabilities and the transformation of the structures of the armed forces. The purpose of this work is to examine the development of structures and capabilities of the armed forces of Latvia and Estonia over the past decades. The main input factors are the theoretical assumptions of the behavior of small states and the concept of external strategic shocks influencing the development of the capabilities of the armed forces. As part of the research, the work will demonstrate the importance of some of the factors mentioned in the theories in the form of the armed forces, and at the same time it will present evidence that the second and third strategic shocks in particular greatly influenced the approach to the development of structures and capabilities in both Baltic republics. Keywords Armed forces, Military capabilities, Estonia, Latvia, Military structure, Strategic shocks Title The Development of Structure and Capabilities of the Armed Forces of Baltic republicsV současné době výrazně více států vzhledem ke zhoršené bezpečnostní situaci v Evropě klade důraz na rozvoj schopností a transformaci struktur ozbrojených sil. Účelem této práce je prozkoumat vývoj struktur a schopností ozbrojených sil Lotyšska a Estonska za poslední desetiletí. Hlavními vstupními faktory jsou teoretické předpoklady chování malých států a koncept externích strategických šoků ovlivňujících rozvoj schopností ozbrojených sil. V rámci výzkumu práce prokáže význam některých faktorů zmiňovaných v teoriích na podobu ozbrojených sil a zároveň práce předloží důkazy, že zejména druhý a třetí strategický otřes výrazně ovlivnily přístup k rozvoji struktur a schopností v obou pobaltských republikách. Klíčová slova Ozbrojené síly, Vojenské schopnosti, Estonsko, Lotyšsko, Struktura ozbrojených sil, Strategické šoky Název práce Vývoj struktur a schopností ozbrojených sil Pobaltských republikDepartment of International RelationsKatedra mezinárodních vztahůFakulta sociálních vědFaculty of Social Science

Learning to Rank Algorithms

katedra počítač

The Biology of the Coccidia (Apicomplexa) of Snakes of the World: A Scholarly Handbook for Identification and Treatment, Donald W. Duszynski and Steve J. Upton

Book Revie

Interactions between parasitic helminths and gut microbiota in wild tropical primates from intact and fragmented habitats

7openInternationalBothThe mammalian gastrointestinal tract harbours a highly complex ecosystem composed of a variety of micro- (bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoans) and macro-organisms (helminths). Although most microbiota research focuses on the variation of single gut components, the crosstalk between components is still poorly characterized, especially in hosts living under natural conditions. We investigated the gut micro-biodiversity (bacteria, fungi and helminths) of 158 individuals of two wild non-human primates, the Udzungwa red colobus (Procolobus gordonorum) and the yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus). These species have contrasting diets and lifestyles, but live sympatrically in both human-impacted and pristine forests in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania. Using non-invasive faecal pellets, helminths were identified using standard microscopy while bacteria and fungi were characterized by sequencing the V1–V3 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the ITS1–ITS2 fragment for fungi. Our results show that both diversity and composition of bacteria and fungi are associated with variation in helminth presence. Although interactions differed by habitat type, in both primates we found that Strongyloides was negatively associated and Trichuris was positively associated with bacterial and fungal richness. To our knowledge, this is one of the few studies demonstrating an interaction between helminth and gut microbiota communities in wild non-human primates.openBarelli, Claudia; Donati, Claudio; Albanese, Davide; Pafčo, Barbora; Modrý, David; Rovero, Francesco; Hauffe, Heidi C.Barelli, C.; Donati, C.; Albanese, D.; Pafčo, B.; Modrý, D.; Rovero, F.; Hauffe, H.C