Antimicrobial Activity of Locally Synthesized Carbon Nanosphere on Some Pathogenic Species of Bacteria and Parasites

               تحتوي المواد الكاربونية النانوية  الكروية CNSs)) على خصائص يمكن استغلالها في علاج العوامل المعدية المختلفة. تم في هذه الدراسة اعتماد جسيمات الكاربون  النانوية الكروية التي حضرت في دراستنا السابقة، حيث قمنا بتوصيف حجم وشكل  الكاربون النانوي الكروي  بواسطة المجاهر الإلكترونية (SEM  و  TEM   )  . يتميز المنتج من الكاربون النانوي الكروي الذي تم تشخيصه  على أنه رقيق، إسفنجي ، أسود ، وخفيف الوزن ويتميزبأشكال كروية  منتظمة ذات احجام تتراوح بين 200-400 نانومتر. لقد أجري تقدير تاثير  الكاربون الكروي النانوي المحضر  على البكتيريا والطفيليات.  وكانت  فعاليته ضد بكتريا المكورات العنقودية الذهبية والإشريكية القولونية من خلال قياس  منطقة تثبيط لنمو البكتريا  بمقدار  18  و 20 ملم ضد البكتيريا العنقودية الذهبية  والإشريكية القولونية ، على التوالي  عند  تركيز 2 ملغم / مل من الكاربون النانوي الكروي بعد 24 ساعة من الحضانة عند 37 م º. أجريت تجارب قياس السمية ضد اثنان من السلالات الطفيلية من Leishmania donovani و Leishmania tropica باستخدام اختبار MTT   بعد تحضينها مع   الكاربون النانوي الكروي في غضون 24 ساعة عند 37 م º. من ناحية أخرى ، لوحظ ان طفيلي  L. donovani أكثر حساسية للكاربون المحضر من L. tropica ،حيث ظهر مستوى متوسط من السمية الخلوية وبمقدار 51.31 ٪ عند حضن  2.4 ملغ / مل من الكاربون المحضر مع L. donovani ، في حين كانت السمية الخلوية ضعيفة ( 37.20 ٪ ) عندما تم استخدام نفس التركيز ضد L. tropica  في غضون 24 ساعة في 37 م º.Antibacterial activity of CNSs against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was estimated. Higher inhibition zone of 18 mm and 20 mm were observed against S. aureus and E.coli, respectively, at a concentration of 2 mg/ml of carbon nanosphere after 24 hrs of incubation at 37 ºC. In vitro cytotoxicity experiment was performed on two parasite strains of Leishmania donovani and Leishmania tropica by using MTT assay. L. donovani revealed more sensitiv to the CNSs than L. tropica. An intermediate level of cytotoxicity of 51.31 % was observed when 2.4 mg/ml of CNSs was incubated with L. donovani, while weak cytotoxicity of 37.20 % was shown when the same concentration of CNSs was used against L. tropica within 24 hr at 37 ºC

In Vitro Cytotoxicity Study of Pt Nanoparticles Decorated TiO2 Nanotube Array

تم تحضير الانابيب النانوية لثاني اوكسيد التيتانيوم بأنودة صفائح التيتانيوم في محلول الاثيلين كلايكول و تمت تغطيتة سطحها بجسيمات البلاتين النانوية بطريقة الترسيب الكهربائي بأستخدام خمس مشتقات من معقدات البلاتين لقواعد مانخ التي استخدمت كمصدر او بأدء للبلاتين .تم تقييم متوسط الحجم والشكل وتركيب العناصر لانابيب التيتانيوم داي اوكسيد النانوية وجسيمات البلاتين المترسبة عليها بتقنيات مختلفة مثل المجهر الالكتروني الماسح (FE-SEM) ، المجهر الإلكتروني النافذ (TEM) ، نمط حيود الأشعة السينية ( XRD) و الأشعة السينية المشتتة للطاقة (EDX). من كل هذه الفحوصات ، تم تشخيص TiO2NTs وجسيمات البلاتين النانوية المودعة عليها وقد اثبتت الدراسة ان جميع جسيمات البلاتين النانوية  ذات حجم  أقل من 50 نانومتر. تم معاملة خطوط الخلايا السرطانية MCF-7 وخطوط الخلايا الطبيعية WRL68 بتركيز 800 ، 400 ، 200 ، 50 ، 25 ، 12.5 ميكروجرام / مل من TiO2NTs و(2)،( Pt \ TiO2NTs (1  لمدة 48 ساعة باستخدام اختبار MTT . بالاضافة الى ذلك تم حساب IC50 ومعدل التثبيط لهم. تظهر النتيجة أن Pt \ TiO2NTs لها تأثير تثبيط أكبر على خطوط الخلايا السرطانية من صفيف TiO2NTs.Titanium dioxide nanotubes were synthesized by anodizing Ti sheets in the ethylene glycol solution and were covered in Pt nanoparticles onto the surface of TiO2NTs using electrodeposition method from using five derivatives of Mannich base Pt complexes which have been used as precursor of platinum. The mean size, shape, elemental composition of the titanium dioxide nanotubes and platinum deposited on the template were evaluated by different techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) technique. From all these analyses, the TiO2NTs prepared and Ptnanoparticles deposited on it were identified. The diagnoses proved that all the Pt nanoparticles have a size less than 50 nm. The MCF-7 cancer cell lines and WRL68 normal cell lines were treated with concentration 800, 400,200,100, 50, 25, 12.5µg\ml of TiO2NTs and Pt\TiO2NTs(1) and (2) for 48hours using MTT assay.IC50 and inhibition rate were calculated. The result shows that the Pt\TiO2NTs have more inhibition effect on cancer cell lines than TiO2NTs array

Study the Role Of Mirna -126 Gene Expression In A Sample Of Breast Cancer Iraqi Women

Background: MicroRNAs play a major function in gene expression and are associated with numerous cancer types. Breast cancer (BC) is aberrant breast cell proliferation induced by environmental and genetic factors with gene expression alterations. Objective: Study of clinical characteristics of women with breast cancer and estimation of circulating miR-126 expression in serum. Methods: This research involved the recruitment of a cohort consisting of seventy female BC patients from Oncology Unit of Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital located in Baghdad city, Iraq. Furthermore, thirty samples of healthy female volunteers were included as control subjects. The miR-126 expression levels were measured by means of a technique called real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results: The age range between 45 to 54 included the higher number of patients with breast cancer comprised treated and untreated groups than other. Roughly 75% of the patients were discovered at an early stage (II), and all patients were in stages II and III. The majority of patients were found to be overweight or obese. This assignment also demonstrated that treated (60.0%) and untreated (68.6%) left breasts had more malignancies than right breasts. Active smokers were rare, whereas non-smokers and passive smokers dominated the group. This study found a substantial drop in miR-126-5p gene expression in BC patients\u27 serum (treated and untreated) compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: The study found a decrease in circulating miR-126-5p gene expression in BC patients\u27 serum

Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Different Meat Samples in Baghdad City

Background: The occurrence of Gram-negative (G -ve) bacteria in meat samples raises a major concern due to the possibility of drug resistance incidence since G -ve bacteria have built-in resistance mechanisms and can pass on genetic elements that enable other bacterial species to develop into drug-resistant as well. This drug resistance could be transferred to consumers through a food-borne route. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria in meat samples as well as to detect their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Methods: For this purpose, 100 meat samples (ground meat, raw burgers, frozen chicken, and chicken carcasses) were collected, and obtained isolates were identified using conventional microbiological techniques including cultural and microscopic identification. After that antibiotic susceptibility patterns were detected using Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. Results: Results showed that 91 of the samples were harboring Gram-negative bacteria and E.coli was the most common isolate (51.64%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.68%) while the least common isolate was each of E. coli O157:H7, Aeromonas hydrophila, Kluyvera spp., Raoultella terrigena, Hafnia alvei, and Serratia marcescens (1.10%). Susceptibility test showed that all isolates were susceptible to Meropenem and Imipenem while Ampicillin was the most resisted antibiotic. Conclusion: We conclude that meat samples harbor numerous pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria which showed antibiotic-resistant ability toward most tested drugs. However, Meropenem and Imipenem were the least resisted drugs which makes them an appropriate choice for the treatment of foodborne infections

Impact of Some Immunological Parameters (antioxidant – cytokines) in Cutaneous leishmaniasis in a Sample of Patients in the Al-Ramadi City.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the endemic diseases in Iraq. Both types of cutaneous leishmaniasis that cause different ulcers are present, namely Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica, The disease also represents a major public and global health problem all over the world. Objective: Investigation of the relationship between parasitic infection with cutaneous leishmaniasis and some antioxidants Superoxide, Nitric oxide and immune cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Interferon-gamma. Materials and Methods: The demographic and epidemiological study included 55 cases suspected of being infected with cutaneous leishmaniasis. They visited Ramadi Teaching Hospital, with 25 volunteers. After obtaining their consent, they were used as control samples, where blood serum samples were obtained from both study groups. After that, work was done in laboratories. Department of Biology - College of Education for Pure Sciences - Anbar University. Results: The patients and healthy people were of different genders, and among the 55 samples from the infected, the number of males was 36 (65.5)% and females 19 (34.5)%, with statistically significant differences p<0.05, and the age groups of the patients were from one year to 60 years. With an average age of (31 years), they were distributed into 6 groups. Also, among the 25 samples from the control group, the number of males was 12 (48%) and females were 13 (52%), Their ages also ranged from one year to 60 years, with an average age of (13) years, the enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used to detect the level of immunological indicators TNF-α, IFN-γ, SOD, NO, where the results showed High levels in the serum of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients (120.00 ± 52.11, 123.00 ± 44.21, 3.10 ± 1.21 and 121.93 ± 33.22), respectively compared to healthy subjects (72.86 ± 14.94, 21.91 ± 45.40, 0.88 ± 0.12, and 81.46 ± 4.50 ) respectively With statistically significant differences at the level of p < 0.05, p < 0.001. Conclusions: The inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ play a vital role in increasing or decreasing the severity in the pathogenesis of the disease and eliminating it

Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of cyproterone acetate against cancer cells and normal cells

Back ground: Cyproterone acetate (CPA) is a steroidal anti-androgen inhibits the testosterone  and  DHT action it is used as a medicine for prostate cancer by association with the androgen receptors located on the surface of prostate cells, thus preventing the association of testosterone with receptors. Objective: Investigation of the anticancer activities of Cyproterone acetate   against cancer cell lines testicular (Tera-1), macrophage (RAW 264.7)  in comparison to non- tumorigenic fetal hepatic cell line (WRL-68). Material and method: The cytotoxic effect of CPA was investigated according to selected parameters including: MTT assay as assay of cell function to determined cell viability, high content screening (HCS) technique for the apoptosis of cell. Only the most cytotoxic concentration of CPA and the most sensitive cells  as assayed by MTT was selected to complete the other test: (HCS). (MTT) assay was carried out at the Centre of Biotechnology Research’s, Al- NahrainUniversityBaghdad,Iraq . The HCS assay was performed at the Centre for Natural Product Research and Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology,Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, KualaLumpur, Malaysia Results: The most significant cytotoxic effect of Cyproterone acetate towards 2 cancer cell lines was obtained when its concentration was 1.25mg/mL. The Tera-1 Cells were more sensitive to Cyproterone acetate compared with RAW264.7  and  WRL-68. cells. There was a significant decrease  in valid cell count, nuclear intensity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) when CPA (400 μg/mL)was used compared with doxorubicin (20 μg/mL) as a standard. Also, there was a significant increase in membrane permeability and cytochrome C releasing when CPA (400μg/ml) was used compared with positive control. Conclusion: CPA showed cytotoxic effects against the Tera-1 and RAW264.7  cancer cell lines while the WRL-68. Cells was not affected as determined in-vitro by the MTT assay. The HCStechnique also showed toxic effect towards Tera-1

The Exposure Effect of Water Pipe Smoke (WPS) on the Total Count leukocyte, Mitotic Index, Micronucleus Formation and Chromosome Aberration in Albino Male Mice

The present study was carried out to evaluate the hematological and cytogenetic effects of water pipe smoke (WPS) in albino male mice. The investigated parameters were total count of leukocytes (TCL), mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN) formation and chromosomal aberrations. The results of our study showed that, mice were exposed to WPS using a special inhalation glass chamber (whole body exposure). Mice exposed daily to 100 puffs of WPS on the bases of (1h exposure per day). The exposure experiment continued daily for the periods of 3, 5, 7 weeks consequently. The results revealed that the TCL significantly decreased in the second and third treatment (5930, 4120 cell/ cu. mm. blood) respectively, in comparison to control (6200 cell/ cu. mm. blood), while the MI decreased in all 3 treatment after 3, 5, 7 weeks. Nevertheless, both the MN cells and chromosomal aberration remain the same percentage as the control in the first treatment and then began to be higher than the control in the second and third treatment. The results indicated that the WPS has cytotoxic and mutagenic effects, according to the obtained results of MN cells and chromosomal aberration assays in the three types of treatment

Phytochemical analysis, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of cuckoo pint (Arum maculatum) leaf extract

Arum maculatum is traditionally used for the control of many diseases and illnesses such as kidney pain, liver injury, hemorrhoids. However, the detailed biomedical knowledge about this species is still lacking. This study reports on the bioactive components and the possible mechanisms underlying the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of A. maculatum leaf extract. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for phytochemical analysis. Assay of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide ) (MTT) was used to determine the cytotoxicity in the murine cell line L20B upon exposure to different extract concentrations for 24 h. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect pro-inflammatory cytokines and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). GC-MS analysis identified the presence of important phytochemical components, e.g., 9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (E), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, followed by benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, methyl ester (17.74%), heptadecanoic acid, 16-methyl-, methyl ester and dibutyl phthalate. The results indicated a significant dose-dependent decrease in L20B cell growth at a dose of 400 μg/ml (IC50) that is associated with a significant 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. The results suggested that the aqueous extract of A. maculatum leaves have potent antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity against L20B cell line with potential pro-inflammatory activity

Antiviral Activity of Some Herbs Against Polio Virus in Vitro

Back ground: Recent studies about plants and botanical components used for different diseases and disorders as well as tradition herbal medicine had become the focus of attention of researchers and specialists in medicine. Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the antiviral activity of star anise seeds and black seeds aqueous extracts against Polio virus in L20B and Rd cell lines culture for understanding herbs extracts antiviral activity towards RNA covid 19 virus. Material and Methods: Applying two methods of in vitro treatment, pre-treatment method and simultaneous treatment either by treating the infected cell with Polio virus suspended in 2 ml culture tubes or treating the infected cells with Polio virus in a microtiter plated of 96 flat bottoms wells.Results: The antiviral activity against Polio virus was improved through simulations treated of infected cells with aqueous extract of star Anise seeds and Black seeds in vitro even the later gave the more potent effect.Conclusion: Different biological activates might be attributed to the differences in the active secondary metabolites constituent in plants extract made estimation for their antiviral activity vary from each other