The effects of hydroalcoholic extract of leaves and onion of Allium paradoxum on Giardia lamblia in mice

زمینه و هدف: ژیاردیا یکی از شایعترین انگل های تک یاخته ای روده ای در انسان و پستانداران مختلف می باشد. با توجه به اینکه داروهای شیمیایی جهت درمان این بیماری دارای اثرات جانبی متعددی بوده و تأثیر آن ها قطعی نمی باشد؛ لذا یافتن دارویی با اثرات جانبی کمتر امری ضروری در درمان این بیماری انگلی به نظر می رسد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر عصاره هیدروالکلی برگ و پیاز گیاه الزی (Allium paradoxum) بر روی انگل ژیاردیا لامبلیا در موش Balb/c انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی، 50 سر موش Balb/cبه 10 گروه تقسیم و تعداد 105×2 کیست به همه گروه ها به جز کنترل منفی خورانده شد. پس از تأیید آلودگی، گروه های مورد آزمون به مدت 3 روز با عصاره هیدروالکلی برگ و پیاز گیاه الزی (غلظت های 20،50 و100 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر) و داروی مترونیدازول به عنوان کنترل دارو مورد درمان قرار گرفتند. یافته ها: عصاره هیدروالکلی پیاز الزی در دوز mg/ml100 قادر به از بین بردن کیست ژیاردیا لامبلیا می باشد که این تأثیر نسبت به گروه کنترل مثبت و کنترل منفی معنی دار بود (05/0>P). همچنین مشخص شد برگ الزی تأثیر زیادی بر روی انگل ژیاردیا لامبلیا ندارد؛ ولی می تواند موجب افزایش تأثیر پیاز الزی شود، به عبارت دیگر اثر هم افزایی دارد. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به تأثیر مناسب گیاه الزی در شرایط In vivo بر روی انگل ژیاردیا لامبلیا و عوارض زیادی که از داروهای شیمیایی گزارش شده است، می توان گیاه الزی را به عنوان یک ترکیب طبیعی ضد ژیاردیایی معرفی کرد

Comparison the effect of low glycemic index diet with healthy nutritional recommendations based diet on obese adolescent girls

زمینه و هدف: هر چند مطالعات بسیاری به ارزیابی تأثیر نمایه گلیسمی بر چربی خون در بزرگسالان پرداخته اند، اما اطلاعات در این زمینه برای کودکان و نوجوانان محدود است. هدف این تحقیق مقایسه اثرات رژیم غذایی با نمایه گلیسمی پایین (LGI) با رژیم غذایی مبتنی بر توصیه های تغذیه سالم (HNR) بر سطح فراسنج های لیپیدی و آپولیپوپروتئین ها در نوجوانان دختر مبتلا به اضافه وزن و چاقی بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی تصادفی شده پنجاه دختر سالم چاق یا دارای اضافه وزن و با وضعیت بلوغ یکسان بطور تصادفی در یکی از دو گروه رژیم غذایی LGI و رژیم غذایی مبتنی بر HNR قرار گرفتند. افراد هر دو گروه، رژیم غذایی با ترکیب مشابهی از درشت مغذی ها (56-53 کربوهیدرات، 18-16 پروتئین و 30-27 چربی) دریافت و مصرف نمودند. ارزیابی های بیوشیمیایی شامل تری گلیسیرید (TG)، کلسترول تام (TC)، لیپوپروتئین با دانسیته پایین (LDL)، لیپوپروتئین با دانسیته بالا (HDL)، آپولیپوپروتئین های A (Apo A) و B (Apo B) و لیپوپروتئین (a) (Lpa) یک بار در ابتدا و یک بار در انتهای مطالعه انجام شد. مقایسه مقادیر قبل و بعد در هر گروه با آزمون t زوجی و مقایسه تغییرات مشاهده شده در دو گروه با آزمون t مستقل در نرم افزار SPSS انجام شد. یافته ها: نمایه گلیسمی در گروه رژیم غذایی LGI کمتر از 50 بود (67/1 ± 67/42). میانگین نمایه توده بدنی در گروه LGI برابر 55/0 ± 97/27 متر بر مجذور قد و در گروه HNR برابر 01/1 ± 82/28 متر بر مجذور قد بود. میانگین سن در افراد گروه HNR از افراد گروه LGI به طور معنی داری بالاتر بود (27/0 ± 98/13 در مقابل 21/0 ± 18/13، 031/0=P). مقادیر متغیرهای بیوشیمیایی در ابتدا و انتهای مطالعه در بین دو گروه با یکدیگر تفاوتی نداشت. درصد تغییرات شاخص های چربی خون در بین گروه LGI و HNR نشان دهنده عدم وجود تفاوت معنی دار در تغییرات TG (به ترتیب 20/17± 90/27 و 53/10 ± 15/6؛ 274/0=P)، TC (به ترتیب 49/4 ± 58/5 و 63/3 ± 65/0-، 283/0=P)، HDL (به ترتیب 05/4 ± 20/1 و 07/3 ± 77/1-، 556/0=P)، LDL (به ترتیب 52/4 ± 35/4 و 32/3 ± 24/2-، 225/0=P)، Apo A (به ترتیب 73/5 ± 18/0- و 19/5 ± 37/9-؛ 242/0=P)، Apo B (به ترتیب 22/7±24/10 و 40/7±73/6؛ 738/0=P) و Lpa (به ترتیب 13/40 ±71/57 و 24/47 ± 18/97، 676/0=P) در بین دو گروه بود. نتیجه گیری: رژیم غذایی با نمایه گلیسمی پایین در مقایسه با رژیم غذایی مبتنی بر توصیه های تغذیه سالم تاثیر مفیدی در چربی خون ندارد

Effects of Chamomile Essential Oil on Granulocyte Count In Patients with Neutropenia

Introduction Neutropenia is an abnormality in neutrophil count which lessens to lower than 1500 / microL (<1.5×109/L). Early recognition and treatment are needed in neutropenia cases. Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile) belongs to Asteracea family which often is referred as "star among medicinal species". Recently, valuable effects of chamomile in multitherapy, cosmetics and nutrition has been published in several papers. The phytochemical analysis exhibited flavonoids, essential oils, cumarins and sesquiterpene lactones derivatives like matricin and chamazulene in the plant. The aim of this research wasevaluation of chamomile essential oil on granulocyte count in patients with neutropenia. Methods and Results Essential oil of chamomile was collected consecutively via Clevenger method.  85 people were participated in the clinical trial and divided into three groups. 15 healthy people as control group received chamomile drop, 35 neutropenia patients induced by chemotherapy received chamomile drop as treatment group and 35 neutropenia patients induced by chemotherapy did not receive the drop as non-treated group. Blood sampling was done at the time of the admission and every other day for 10 consecutive days after chamomile drop consumption. Granulocytes, polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and white blood cells (WBC) were counted after every sampling. The average of WBC, PMNs and granulocytes numbers were significantly raised in control and treatment group with P<0.05 90±11/ 3520±611, 1.14±0.83/ 17.37±22.8 and 150±0.07/ 1537±305, respectively. In non-treated group the WBC, PMNs and granulocyte were 40±72, 7.91±22.96 and 190±48, respectively.        ConclusionConsumption of chamomile drop significantly increased the level of WBC, PMNs and granulocyte in control and treatment groups in comparison to non-treated group. As the result, chamomile essential oil could be considered as an adjuvant in neutropenia or other immune system deficiencies

Comparative Analysis of Nutritional Properties of Livestock Feed from Restaurant Food Waste and Conventional Agricultural Feed Sources: Livestock Feed

The negative effects of increasing food waste in the world are worrying for everyone. This research has examined the nutrients of food waste and compares it with agricultural products used in the livestock and poultry feed in order to manage the food waste produced in the restaurant with the approach of converting it into livestock feed. After designing and manufacturing food waste dryer, the food waste was collected from restaurants and kitchens and without any pre-treatment was subjected to heat treatment. The time of 210 minutes with 3 temperatures of 70, 55 and 85 ˚C were selected as experimental factors. The results showed that the amount of livestock feed protein produced was very close to agricultural products. Also, the energy metabolized by the livestock produced from food waste has increased with increasing heat treatment temperature that on average, animal feed produced from food waste provides 50 percent of the energy metabolized from animal feed obtained from agricultural products. Finally, it should be said that with exact evaluation of the amount of microbial and fungal contamination in the livestock feed, it can be used for livestock and poultry consumptions

Antibacterial potential of extracts of leaves of Parrotia persica

Ethanol, methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether and aqueous extracts of leaves of Parrotia persica were evaluated for antibacterial activity. The zone of inhibition varied from 13 to 22 mm. The highest inhibittionwas obtained with methanol and ethanol. Chloroform and petroleum ether extracts did not show any activity. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of the methanol extract for the test bacteria ranged between 3.12 and 6.25 mg/ml and that of ethanol extract ranged between 6.25 and 12.5 mg/ml. The results scientifically validate the use of this plant in the traditional medicine of Iran

The hepatoprotective effect of Arnebia euchroma hydro-alcoholic extract against liver toxicity induced by CCl4 in mice

Arnebia euchroma is from Boraginaceae family. Various therapeutic effects have been reported for different species of this plant. The aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of the root of A. euchroma and its protective effect on hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 in mice. In this experimental study, A. euchroma was extracted with ethanol solvent by maceration method. Antioxidant activity of the plant has been evaluated by the DPPH free radical scavenging method. Then, the hepatoprotective effect of A. euchroma was evaluated through determination the content of glutathione in liver tissue, ALP, AST, ALT serum levels and histopathology of liver in different groups. The total phenolic content determined as 0.56% per 100 g of plant was equivalent to gallic acid. The total flavonoid content was 0.079% per 100 g of plant that was equivalent to quercetin. The IC50 of the extract for free radical scavenging was obtained 139.2 µg/ml. The extract increased liver glutathione and serums ALP, AST, ALT that were decreased by CCl4 administration in animal. All protective effects were dose-dependent and the results of liver histopathology showed a significant improvement of inflammation and necrosis that were caused by CCl4 in mice. The results of this study revealed that the hydroalcoholic extract of A. euchroma root has an antioxidant effect and excellent hepatoprotection in mice

Application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in predicting mechanical properties of canola stem under shear loading

In this study, at first the shear parameters including the maximum shear force, shear strength, shear energy and power consumption of canola stem were calculated through force-deformation curve; and then these mechanical properties were determined and predicted using artificial neural network.   For the tests, testing machine Instron (Model Santam STM-5) with 50 N load cell was used.  Stems were cut at 3 diameter levels (1 to 3, 3 to 5 and more than 5 mm), 3 cutting speed levels (75, 115 and 150 mm/min ), 3 cutting angles (0°, 30° and 60°) and three replicates.   Cutting parameters including maximum cutting force, shear strength; cutting energy; consumed power and cutting work were examined.  Tests lasted for each stem until the full cut.  Data requirements were obtained from Force-Deformation curve. The results showed that by increasing the diameter and cutting angle, cutting force values, shear strength, cutting energy, cutting power and cutting work increased.   Additionally, with increasing cutting speed, the cutting force, shear strength, cutting energy, cutting power and cutting work declined.  Feedforward network was employed to predict some of the mechanical properties of canola stem.  The results of statistical analysis using artificial neural network showed that the best values for shear energy, shear force, shear strength, shear power and shear work in canola stem were, respectively, in the epochs of 194, 2000, 275, 92 and 350 and also showed that neural networks can be used in intelligent cutting mechanisms and predicting mechanical properties of crops stem

Determination of some constant parameters during cutting of canola stem

In this study, the canola stalk cutting parameters including modulus of mass density of stalk, special work of useful cutting, coefficient of cutting useful work and crush resistance coefficient were examined.  For the tests, testing machine Instron (Model Santam STM-5) with 50 N load cell was used.  Cutting was performed with a saw-serrated cutting blade that was attached to the Instron movable jaw.  Stems were cut at three diameter levels (1 to 3, 3 to 5 and more than 5 mm), three cutting speed levels (75, 115 and 150 mm/minute), three cutting angles (0°, 30° and 60°) and three replicates.  Cutting parameters including modulus of mass density of stalk, special work of useful cutting, coefficient of cutting useful work and crush resistance coefficient were examined.  Tests lasted for each stem until the full cut.  Data requirements were obtained from Force-Deformation curve.  The results showed that the modulus of mass density, special work of useful cutting and crush resistance coefficient were enhanced by increasing the diameter and cutting angle.  As well as modulus of mass density, special work of useful cutting and crush resistance coefficient were decreased by increasing the cutting speed.  Also, the coefficient of cutting useful work was enhanced by increasing diameter, but the changes in the diameter and cutting speed had no significant effect on it

Ohmic processing of liquid whole egg, white egg and yolk

The Ohmic heating rate of a food is highly influenced by its electrical conductivity. In this study, electricalconductivities, colour changes and system performance of liquid whole egg, white egg and yolk were determined on alaboratory scale static Ohmic heater by applying 30 V/cm voltage gradient. The samples were heated from room temperaturethrough to pasteurization temperature (19 – 60℃). In all cases, the linear temperature dependent electrical conductivityrelations were obtained. Conductivity measurements of liquid egg indicated that white egg is highly conductive compared toyolk and whole egg. The system performance coefficients for liquid egg samples were in the range of 0.814 to 0.857. Ohmicheating revealed better colour values from the values of heated samples for convectional heating.Keywords: egg, Ohmic heating, electrical conductivity, colou

Energy and Exergy Analyses during Eggplant Drying in a Fluidized Bed Dryer

In this research, energy and exergy loss were analyzed in the laboratory for the drying of eggplant using a fluidized bed dryer. The drying experiment was conducted at inlet temperatures of 40, 50, and 60  and air velocities of 3, 5, and 7 m/s using samples with diameters of 5, 10, and 13 mm and a height of 1 cm. The effects of temperature, velocity of drying air, and sample size on energy consumption and exergy losses were investigated. The results showed that the minimum energy consumption and exergy losses occurred at a diameter of 13 mm, velocity of 3 m/s, and temperature of 40. Meanwhile, the maximum energy consumption and exergy losses occurred at diameter of 5 mm, velocity of 7 m/s and temperature of 60;. Generally, the results demonstrated that higher temperature, velocity, and eggplant samples’ lesser diameter increased energy consumption. In addition, exergy losses were increased by temperature and velocity increments; however, changes in sample size did not significant affect exergy losses