Relationship of pupils' quality of life and academic achievement with the employment status of their mothers

Objective: One of the most important environmental factors affecting academic achievement and performance is the family especially mothers. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between quality of life (QOL) and the academic achievement of pupils with the employment status of their mothers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 9th-grade students in Shiraz. A sample of 400 individuals was selected through a multi-stage sampling method from among the 9th-grade students and a questionnaire on academic achievement and quality of life was completed for them. Then data was entered into spss23 software and analyzed. The value of P <0.05 was considered a significant statistical level. Results: there was no significant difference between students who have employed and Housewife mothers about the student's academic achievements ant QOL score (P>0.05). According to the results of multivariate analysis, none of the variables was a significant predictor of the QOL and academic achievement in the students. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there is not a significant association between the quality of life and academic achievement of students with their mothers' occupatio

Estimativa populacional da prevalência pontual e periódica de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis com base no sistema de vigilância de sintomas iranianos

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are of greate international concerns. The aim of this study was to measure the point and period prevalence of reportable STDs in Iran based on syndromes defined by the Iranian STDs surveillance system. In that regard, the population of Marvdasht, the second largest county of Fars province, was selected. This is a population based cross-sectional study, which was conducted among urban and rural residences of Marvdasht county in 2017. In total, among 11763 randomly sampled individuals, 3879 eligible participants in urban and rural areas of Marvdasht county were interviewed. The participants were on average 33 years old. Overall about 33 percent of men and 70 percent of women reported that, since the age of 15 years, they experienced at least one of the symptoms of selected STDs defined by the Iranian center for disease control (CDC) for surveillance of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Moreover, %9.7 of men and %28.7 of women were suffering from at least one of the defined symptoms at the time of interview. Regardless of the etiology of the detected syndromes, the results highlight the importance of access to diagnostic and medical services to achieve on time diagnosis and treatment of the patients. Also, sexual health education is needed to be provided to the rural and urban sexually active population of Iran.Las enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS) son de gran preocupación internacional. El objetivo de este estudio fue medir la prevalencia de punto y período de las ETS notificables en Irán según los síndromes definidos por el sistema de vigilancia iraní de ETS. En ese sentido, se seleccionó la población de Marvdasht, el segundo condado más grande de la provincia de Fars. Este es un estudio transversal basado en la población, que se llevó a cabo entre las residencias urbanas y rurales del condado de Marvdasht en 2017. En total, entre 11763 individuos de muestra aleatoria, se entrevistaron 3879 participantes elegibles en áreas urbanas y rurales del condado de Marvdasht. Los participantes tenían en promedio 33 años. En general, alrededor del 33 por ciento de los hombres y el 70 por ciento de las mujeres informaron que, desde la edad de 15 años, experimentaron al menos uno de los síntomas de las ETS seleccionadas definidas por el centro iraní para el control de la enfermedad (CDC) para la vigilancia de las infecciones de transmisión sexual ( ITS). Además, el% 9,7 de los hombres y el 28,7% de las mujeres sufrían al menos uno de los síntomas definidos en el momento de la entrevista. Independientemente de la etiología de los síndromes detectados, los resultados resaltan la importancia del acceso a los servicios médicos y de diagnóstico para lograr el diagnóstico y el tratamiento a tiempo de los pacientes. Además, es necesario proporcionar educación sobre salud sexual a la población sexualmente activa rural y urbana de Irán.As doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DSTs) são de grandes preocupações internacionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi medir a prevalência pontual e periódica de DST notificáveis no Irã com base em síndromes definidas pelo sistema de vigilância de DSTs iranianas. A esse respeito, a população de Marvdasht, o segundo maior condado da província de Fars, foi selecionada. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional, realizado em residências urbanas e rurais do condado de Marvdasht em 2017. No total, dentre 11763 indivíduos amostrados aleatoriamente, foram entrevistados 3879 participantes elegíveis nas áreas urbana e rural do município de Marvdasht. Os participantes tinham em média 33 anos de idade. No geral, cerca de 33% dos homens e 70% das mulheres relataram que, desde os 15 anos, tiveram pelo menos um dos sintomas das DSTs definidas pelo Centro Iraniano de Controle de Doenças (CDC) para vigilância de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (DSTs). Além disso, % 9.7 de homens e% 28.7 de mulheres sofriam de pelo menos um dos sintomas definidos no momento da entrevista. Independentemente da etiologia das síndromes detectadas, os resultados destacam a importância do acesso aos serviços médicos e diagnósticos para alcançar o diagnóstico e tratamento oportuno dos pacientes. Além disso, é necessário fornecer educação em saúde sexual para a população rural e urbana sexualmente ativa do Irã

The effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercises on the plasma irisin levels, HOMA-IR, and lipid profiles in women with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial

Background/objective Irisin is suggested to be an exercise beneficial effects mediator. This study aimed to examine the effects of the aerobic exercise (AE), resistance exercise (RE), and combined exercise (CE) on the plasma levels of irisin and some metabolic and anthropometric indices. Methods Sixty overweight women with metabolic syndrome were assigned equally into four groups: AE, RE, CE, and control. The study variables were measured before and 24 h after the intervention period. Results None of the study groups showed statistically significant changes in the serum irisin. However, muscle mass significantly increased in the RE and CE groups. Also, a significant decrease was observed in the body fat percentage in all groups. In addition, compared with the control group, the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance in the AE (p = 0.021), RE (p = 0.039), and in the CE (p = 0.003) groups reduced significantly. According to the analysis of indices’ changes, serum irisin was significantly correlated with the body fat percentage (r = 0.532) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.424). Conclusions The systematic exercise program for 8-weeks did not change circulating irisin and no statistically significant difference was observed between the exercise methods. Also, serum irisin seemed to be associated with the glycemic status, body fat and weight independent of exercise activity.publishedVersionUnit Licence Agreemen

Diagnostic accuracy of urinary latex agglutination test (KAtex) for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: A meta-analysis

Latex agglutination test (KAtex) has been used in the last two decades for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in different VL-endemic areas. Here, we present a meta-analysis of studies which evaluated the KAtex for the diagnosis of VL to find out its overall diagnostic performance. A database search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Iranmedex and Google Scholar. The search of databases found 57 papers, of which 17 articles fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy (MADA) and Hierarchical Summary Receiver Operating Curve (HSROC) packages were used to do the meta-analysis and to obtain pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity. Fixed effect bivariate analysis was conducted, using Mantel-Haenszel estimator, to measure the performance and diagnosis odds ratio (DOR) of the test. Heterogeneity of the test results was assessed by Chi-squared test. The sensitivity of individual studies ranged from 39.8 to 100%, and the specificity ranged from 64 to100%. The combined sensitivity and specificity estimates of KAtex were 77% (95% CI, 70-83%), and 97% (95% CI, 93-97%), respectively. Comparing the performance of the test by region suggests a significant difference where the lowest and highest sensitivities are reported from Nepal/Tunisia and Europe/Middle East respectively (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the lowest and highest rates of specificity were reported from Sudan and America/Middle East respectively. The overall specificity of KAtex is satisfactory. However, KAtex suffers from low sensitivity and this shortcoming should be improved. The test provides a rapid and simple diagnosis of VL and improvement of its sensitivity deserve further studies

Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and effects on neonatal anthropometric indices and thyroid-stimulating hormone in a Middle Eastern population.

Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) evokes extensive concerns regarding public health. Monitoring the pregnant women's exposure can be considered a suitable alternative to assess the fetus's exposure. This study aimed to monitor pregnant women's exposure (n = 126) to PAHs using a biomonitoring approach to evaluate effects on anthropometric indices and neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in Shiraz, Iran. PAHs priority compounds were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after separating blood serum and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method. Information on anthropometric indices, neonatal TSH levels, and data from the respondents was obtained from medical records and questionnaires. The mean PAHs concentrations ranged from 0.29 to 327.91 ng/g lipid. There was no significant difference between the measured PAHs in maternal serum at the seventh month and pregnancy termination except for ACY (p-Value<0.05). Regression analysis results showed a significant correlation (p-value<0.05) between exposure to passive smoke and total PAHs concentrations. There was no significant relationship between exposure to PAHs and weight, height, head circumference, and Apgar score of newborns. The results showed TSH decreased by 0.99 units as ACE increased per unit (β = -0.001). This study is the first to evaluate relationships between prenatal exposure to PAHs and effects on newborn health indicators, including TSH levels in a Middle Eastern population. Future studies are suggested to perform detailed assessments of PAHs intake sources, especially in vulnerable populations such as pregnant women and children.VoRSUNY DownstateEnvironmental and Occupational Health SciencesN/

The Association of Dietary Acid Load with Fatigue, Quality of Life, and Nutrient Adequacy Ratio in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with many healthrelated problems and changes in diet were shown to help the patients reduce some symptoms. This cross sectional study investigated the relationship between dietary acid load with fatigue, quality of life, and nutrient adequacy ratio in MS patients.Methods: Totally, 283 MS patients were enrolled in Shiraz, Iran between June 2018 and February 2019. Dietary acid load indices including potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) were determined for the patients. The level of fatigue and quality of life of the individuals were evaluated by the modified fatigue impact scale (MFIS) and the multiple sclerosis quality of life-54 questionnaires (MSQoL-54), respectively. Nutrient intake was determined to calculate the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).Results: The mean score of MAR, NEAP, and PRAL was 0.9±0.18, 87.71±44.86, and 36.27±33.81, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, a significant, negative and very weak association was observed between physical health composite (PHC) of the quality of life and NEAP (p=0.003) and PRAL (p=0.007). Also, a significant, negative, and very weak correlation was found between MAR and NEAP (p=0.006) and PRAL (p=0.028) in a crude model. Furthermore, after adjusting for confounders, the association between MAR and NEAP remained significant (p=0.003).Conclusion: Our findings revealed that there might be an association between dietary acid load indices, physical dimension of MSQoL-54 and MAR

Evaluation of Conducting Phone Interviews on Sexual Behavior: An Iranian Population-Based Study

Background: Phone interview is a safe way for collecting sensitive data due to no need for direct contact with the interviewees and their privacy. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and validity of phone interviewing using mobile phones to collect sensitive information related to the participants’ sexual behavior. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the sexually active population of Marvdasht, Iran, from 2017-2018. Results: A total of 5,894 individuals (2,991 from urban and 2,903 from rural areas) from both genders (n = 3,202 males vs. n = 2,692 females) with an age range of 18-50 years were included in this study. The participation rate was convincing (92.18%), and the response rate to all questions was also very high (99.1%). According to the results, gender and place of residency had statistically significant associations with the rates of participation and response. Conclusions: The results suggested that a phone interview is a potentially useful method for gathering sensitive information in Iranian population, a community with a religious background

Evaluating the effect of digital game‐based nutrition education on anemia indicators in adolescent girls:A randomized clinical trial

Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of micronutrient deficiency in the world. Adolescence represents a period of increased risk of iron deficiency. Therefore, we aimed to determine the impact of nutrition education by a digital game on markers of iron‐deficient anemia in adolescent girls. In this study, 176 adolescent girls were randomly dichotomized into the intervention and control groups. At the beginning and the end of the intervention, knowledge, attitude, and practice of both groups were assessed by a questionnaire. Girls in the intervention group received the necessary education through a digital game during a 14‐week period, while those in the control group received basic nutritional education through PowerPoint and pamphlets. Additionally, serum transferrin, serum iron, transferrin saturation, ferritin, CBC difference, and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) tests were checked. In this study, nutrition education significantly increased the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of adolescent girls regarding their diet (p ˂ .05). Hemoglobin level was also significantly raised (p ˂ .05). However, no significant effect was observed on other markers of iron‐deficient anemia, such as serum iron, TIBC, and hematocrit, in the intervention group compared with the control group (p ˃ .05). The results of this study indicated the positive impact of nutrition education based on digital game on knowledge, attitude, and practice scores, as well as a significant difference in hemoglobin. It is recommended that educational games be designed for students in the future to promote health and nutrition information

The association between animal protein, plant protein, and their substitution with bladder cancer risk: a pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies

Purpose - Although total dietary protein intake has been associated with bladder cancer (BC) risk, the effect of the origin (plant or animal) and the substitutions remain to be understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of total dietary protein, animal-based protein, plant-based protein, and their substitutions with each other on the risk of BC using a pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies. Methods - The study was conducted within the “BLadder cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants” (BLEND) study, including 10 prospective cohort studies from several European countries, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Individual data from 10 prospective cohorts containing 434,412 participants (overall male/female ratio was almost 3:1) with a total of 4,224,643.8 person-years of follow-up was analyzed. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BC risk for animal and plant-based protein substitutions of 30gram (g) per day (g/day) were estimated by multivariable adjusted HRs using Cox proportional hazards models. Results - During 11.4 years of follow-up, among 434,412 participants (73.28% female), 1,440 new cases of BC were identified. After multivariable adjustment, no association was observed between the intake of total, animal-based protein, and plant-based protein and BC risk. Replacement of every 30 g/day of animal-based protein intake by the same amount of plant-based protein intake or vice versa was not associated with the risk of BC. Conclusion - In conclusion, our study found no association between protein intake—whether from animal or plant sources—and the risk of BC. Substituting animal-based protein with plant-based protein, or the reverse, did not influence BC risk. Future studies are required to provide information on the link between animal- and plant-based proteins and BC risk

The association between animal protein, plant protein, and their substitution with bladder cancer risk: a pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies

Purpose: Although total dietary protein intake has been associated with bladder cancer (BC) risk, the effect of the origin (plant or animal) and the substitutions remain to be understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of total dietary protein, animal-based protein, plant-based protein, and their substitutions with each other on the risk of BC using a pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies. Methods: The study was conducted within the “BLadder cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants” (BLEND) study, including 10 prospective cohort studies from several European countries, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Individual data from 10 prospective cohorts containing 434,412 participants (overall male/female ratio was almost 3:1) with a total of 4,224,643.8 person-years of follow-up was analyzed. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BC risk for animal and plant-based protein substitutions of 30gram (g) per day (g/day) were estimated by multivariable adjusted HRs using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: During 11.4 years of follow-up, among 434,412 participants (73.28% female), 1,440 new cases of BC were identified. After multivariable adjustment, no association was observed between the intake of total, animal-based protein, and plant-based protein and BC risk. Replacement of every 30 g/day of animal-based protein intake by the same amount of plant-based protein intake or vice versa was not associated with the risk of BC. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study found no association between protein intake—whether from animal or plant sources—and the risk of BC. Substituting animal-based protein with plant-based protein, or the reverse, did not influence BC risk. Future studies are required to provide information on the link between animal- and plant-based proteins and BC risk