Identification of essential oil constituents of caraway (Carum carvi) using ultrasonic assist with headspace solid phase microextraction (UA-HS-SPME),” Digest

Ultrasonic assist with headspace solid phase microextraction (UA-HS-SPME) have been applied, for the first time, for the extraction of volatile organic compounds of Carum carvi L. from Iran. The oils obtained were analyzed by GC-MS. Different experimental parameters such as fiber's coating type, sonication time, extraction time and temperature, and desorption time were investigated. Results showed that in the presence of UA-HS-SPME the highest extraction efficiency was achieved with a 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber. Essential oil analysis showed that 10 compounds were identified through UA-HS-SPME-GC/MS method .The major component were carvone (57.7 %) and limonone (35.5 %)

Chemical characterization of volatile components of Thymus serpyllium L. using Microwave Distillation (MD) and Hydro-distillation (HD) methods. Green chemistry

ABSTRACT In this paper, Microwave distillation a new method of essential oil extraction has been compared with a conventional technique, hydro-distillation (HD). The compositions of essential oil extracted by applying kinds of extraction methods were identified by using GC-MS system. There was no obvious difference in the quality of essential oils obtained by the kinds of extraction methods. The major components of MD and HD methods are as Thymol (20.74%,21.70%), Camphene(6.60%,6.65%), Limonene(3.17%,3.26%) camphor(1.09% , 20 %) limonene (3.17% , 3.26 %) respectively

Antibacterial activity native medicinal plants extracts in Lorestan, Iran

Background & Objective: There is an increasing interests in substitution of natural products for synthetic chemicals in drugs and foodstuff. Reports of antibiotic resistant bacteria and side effects of chemical food preservatives suspected to be carcinogenic have drawn attention towards application of herbal and natural substances. Towards this end, edible plants are more safe and therefor have priority for investigation. In this study, antibacterial activities of six medicinal plants including Thymus (T.) eriocalyx and T. persicus, Allium (A.) haementhaides, Fumaria (F.) parviflora Lam, Buxus (B.) hyrecana pojark, and Tragopon (Tr.) carcifolus Lorestan province in Iran were examined. Materials & Methods: In this study, flowers and leaves from T.persicus, T. eriocalyx, and leaves from other plants were collected from Zagros highlands, dried and soaked in hexan for 48. The solvent was separated then evaporated under reduced pressure. The concentrated extracts were shaken and foze at -10°C. Then it was centrifuged and the solvent was evaporated. The extracts were finally resuspended in sterile PBS containing DMSO. Antibacterial activities were examined by disk diffusion and broth microdillution technique , using standard (ATCC) gram positive and negative bacteria and standard (Muller Hinton agar and broth or Isosensitest agar) media in order to determine Minimum Inhibitory (MIC) or Bactericidal (MBC) concentration. Results: Strong antibacterial activities were observed against both gram positive and negative bacteria including E.coli, S. aureous and P. aeroginosa by T.eriocalyx and F. parviflora. Also B. hyrecana pojark showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus at a concentration of MIC=320 µg/ml and MBC=80 µg/ml. Conclusion: This study showed that T.eriocalyx, F. parviflora and B. hyrecana pojark have antibacterial effects in vitro. Therefore it is suggested the application of these extract in medicine and food industings could be helpful

Photodegradation of methylene blue by phytosynthesized Ag–ZnO nanocomposites

With the use of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract in the present study, a safe and affordable method of biosynthesizing Ag–ZnO nanocomposites has been developed that follows all green chemistry principles. Different analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), UV–Vis spectroscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, were utilized to identify the unique properties of synthesized nanocomposites. Based on the characterization results, these nanocomposites have a spherical shape with dimensions ranging from 40 to 77 ​nm and a wurtzite structure with hexagonal facets. Considering the upcoming water crises and the importance of treating water contaminated with industrial and organic dyes, this study investigates how biosynthesized nanocomposites using ultraviolet lamps and sunlight can be used to remove one of the most common organic dyes, methylene blue. In order to identify the most optimal conditions for removing methylene blue from polluted water, this study used two light sources, different nanocatalyst concentrations, and various pH value ranging from 2 to 10. When the ideal conditions for this reaction are met, the prepared nanocomposites can catalyze the pollutant dye within 14 and 50 ​min, when exposed to ultraviolet light and sunlight. In this study, it was determined that plant wastes are biogenic sources capable of providing active ingredients (AI) for the biosynthesis of metal nanocomposites for applications such as decomposition and degradation of organic dyes

Chemical characterization of bioactive volatile molecules of four thymus species using nanoscale injection method

This paper is devoted to an investigation carried out on the volatile molecules of air-dried leaves of four species of Thymus species: Thymus persicus, Thymus eriocalyx, Thymus daenensis subsp. daenensis and Thymus serpyllum L. growing wild in Lorestan area in the western part of Iran. The species were obtained through hydro-distillation process and analyzed by using nanoscale injection method in GC and GC/MS. Four species were compared to determine the similarities and differences among their volatile compounds. Sixty-five constituents representing 98.05%, 89.70%, 96.45% and 93.08% of essential oils were identified respectively. The major constituents noted were as Thymus daenensis subsp. daenensis: cis-Sabinene hydrate (9.2%), α-Terpineol (13.18%) and Caervacrol (12.38%), Th. Eriocalyx: 1-Borneol (10.46%) and Thymol (66.34%), Th. Percicus: Limonene (11.62%), Thymol (10.38%) and Carvacrol (25.71%), Th. serpyllium: α-Pinene (12.2%) and Carvacrol (14.94%). The complex array and differing abundances of these compounds among the Thymus species under the investigation suggest that they may provide useful characters in understanding the phylogenetic relationships among closely related species