Ocular manifestations among the professional computer workers attending the out patient department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University : a cross sectional study

The computer vision syndrome has become a burning issue in this modern world with the advancement of the technology and its wide use. This study was planned to determine the prevalence of computer vision syndrome among professional computer workers as well as it’s associated risk factors. The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Departments of Community Ophthalmology and Ophthalmology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from September 2017 to February 2020. The professionals using computer on an average 4 hours per day for a duration of at least 1 year attending out patient department for having treatment for their ocular problems were the study population. A total of 77 such subjects were consecutively included in the study. In this present study, the preva- lence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) was 46.8%. The present study demonstrated that middle class and upper-middle class professionals were more likely to be associated with CVS than the lower-middle class computer professionals with risk of developing CVS in former cohort was observed to be almost 3-fold (95% CI=1.1–7.5) higher than that in the latter cohort (p = 0.027). The duration of working on computer predisposes the development of CVS with mean duration of working was on an average 1.2 years higher in subjects with CVS than that in subjects without CVS. Subjects who maintained their level of personal computer(PC) at or above their eye level (while working on computer) were more prone to develop CVS with odds of developing the condition in them being 3.6(95% CI = 1.3-9.7) times higher than the subjects who maintained the level of PC below their eye level (p = 0.010). Glare display also emerged as significant predictor of CVS with odds having the condition being 9.8(95% CI = 1.1-88.6) times higher than that with PCs without glare display (p = 0.016). Seating posture at computer also have its impact on the development of CVS. Computer workers with inappro- priate seating posture are more often associated with the development CVS. The study concluded that over one-quarter of the computer professionals suffer from computer vision syndrome (CVS). The predominant symptoms of CVS are eye strain, irritation of eye, blurred vision and headache. The factors that contribute to the development of CVS are middle class and upper-middle class professionals, prolonged working exposure to computer, level of PC at or above the eye level of the workers, glare display on the screen and inappropriate seating posture. BSMMU J 2021; 14(3): 31-3

Comparison of intraocular pressure and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women attending outpatient department of BSMMU

In a menopausal lady, a reduced level of estrogen hormone leads to changes in the intraocular pressure (IOP) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in the eyes. This comparative study was carried out in the Outpatient Departments (OPD) of the Community Ophthalmology and Ophthalmology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from April 2017 to June 2019 to identify any difference in IOP and RNFL thickness in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women aged 40-65 years. In this study, 60 pre-and post-menopausal women were included. Participants 40-50 years old with irregular menstruation were classified as group A, while those 51-65 years old with no menstruation for at least 12 months were classified as group B. More than one-fourth (26.7%) of participants had HTN in group A and 53.3% in group B. HTN was significantly associated with group B. The rise in menopausal age had a significant impact on the mean IOP and RNFL. The mean IOP in right eye (RE) was 11.80 (3.31) mm of Hg in Group A and 15.63 (3.01) mm of Hg in Group B. The mean IOP in left eye (LE) was 12.27(3.78) mm of Hg and 15.47(2.84) mm of Hg in Group A and Group B, respectively. The mean IOP of both eyes was 12.03±3.48 mmHg in Group A and 15.55±2.82 mmHg in Group B. The mean difference of IOP in RE, LE and both were statistically significant between the two groups. The mean RNFL in RE was 103.97±7.42 μm in Group A and 98.90±}6.21 μm in Group B. The mean RNFL in LE was 101.87±6.69 μm and 97.97±6.65 μm in Group A and Group B, respectively. The mean RNFL of both eyes was 102.92±7.77 μm in Group A and 98.45±7.86 μm in Group B. The mean RNFL was statistically significant between the two groups. Post-menopausal women are at an increased risk of developing elevated IOP and thin RNFL than premenopausal women. BSMMU J 2022; 15(2): 61-6

Understanding patient and family experiences of critical care in Bangladesh and India: What are the priority actions to promote person-centred care?

Patients’ experiences in the intensive care unit (ICU) can enhance or impair their subsequent recovery. Improving patient and family experiences on the ICU is an important part of providing high quality care. There is little evidence to guide how to do this in a South Asian critical care context. This study addresses this gap by exploring the experiences of critically ill patients and their families in ICUs in Bangladesh and India. We elicit suggestions for improvements from patients, families and staff and highlight examples of practices that support person-centred care. This multi-site hospital ethnography was carried out in five ICUs in government hospitals in Bangladesh and India, selected using purposive sampling. Qualitative data were collected using non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. A total of 108 interviews were conducted with patients, families, and ICU staff. Over 1000 hours of observation were carried out across the five study sites. We identified important mediators of patient and family experience that span many different aspects of care. Factors that promote person-centred care include access to ICU for families, support for family involvement in care delivery, clear communication with patients and families, good symptom management for patients, support for rehabilitation, and measures to address the physical, environmental and financial needs of the family. This study has generated a list of recommendations that can be used by policy makers and practitioners who wish to implement person-centred principles in the ICU

Ocular manifestations among the professional computer workers attending the out patient department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University : a cross sectional study

The computer vision syndrome has become a burning issue in this modern world with the advancement of the technology and its wide use. This study was planned to determine the prevalence of computer vision syndrome among professional computer workers as well as it’s associated risk factors. The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Departments of Community Ophthalmology and Ophthalmology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from September 2017 to February 2020. The professionals using computer on an average 4 hours per day for a duration of at least 1 year attending out patient department for having treatment for their ocular problems were the study population. A total of 77 such subjects were consecutively included in the study. In this present study, the preva- lence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) was 46.8%. The present study demonstrated that middle class and upper-middle class professionals were more likely to be associated with CVS than the lower-middle class computer professionals with risk of developing CVS in former cohort was observed to be almost 3-fold (95% CI=1.1–7.5) higher than that in the latter cohort (p = 0.027). The duration of working on computer predisposes the development of CVS with mean duration of working was on an average 1.2 years higher in subjects with CVS than that in subjects without CVS. Subjects who maintained their level of personal computer(PC) at or above their eye level (while working on computer) were more prone to develop CVS with odds of developing the condition in them being 3.6(95% CI = 1.3-9.7) times higher than the subjects who maintained the level of PC below their eye level (p = 0.010). Glare display also emerged as significant predictor of CVS with odds having the condition being 9.8(95% CI = 1.1-88.6) times higher than that with PCs without glare display (p = 0.016). Seating posture at computer also have its impact on the development of CVS. Computer workers with inappro- priate seating posture are more often associated with the development CVS. The study concluded that over one-quarter of the computer professionals suffer from computer vision syndrome (CVS). The predominant symptoms of CVS are eye strain, irritation of eye, blurred vision and headache. The factors that contribute to the development of CVS are middle class and upper-middle class professionals, prolonged working exposure to computer, level of PC at or above the eye level of the workers, glare display on the screen and inappropriate seating posture. BSMMU J 2021; 14(3): 31-37</jats:p

Comparison of intraocular pressure and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women attending outpatient department of BSMMU

In a menopausal lady, a reduced level of estrogen hormone leads to changes in the intraocular pressure (IOP) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in the eyes. This comparative study was carried out in the Outpatient Departments (OPD) of the Community Ophthalmology and Ophthalmology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from April 2017 to June 2019 to identify any difference in IOP and RNFL thickness in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women aged 40-65 years. In this study, 60 pre-and post-menopausal women were included. Participants 40-50 years old with irregular menstruation were classified as group A, while those 51-65 years old with no menstruation for at least 12 months were classified as group B. More than one-fourth (26.7%) of participants had HTN in group A and 53.3% in group B. HTN was significantly associated with group B. The rise in menopausal age had a significant impact on the mean IOP and RNFL. The mean IOP in right eye (RE) was 11.80 (3.31) mm of Hg in Group A and 15.63 (3.01) mm of Hg in Group B. The mean IOP in left eye (LE) was 12.27(3.78) mm of Hg and 15.47(2.84) mm of Hg in Group A and Group B, respectively. The mean IOP of both eyes was 12.03±3.48 mmHg in Group A and 15.55±2.82 mmHg in Group B. The mean difference of IOP in RE, LE and both were statistically significant between the two groups. The mean RNFL in RE was 103.97±7.42 μm in Group A and 98.90±}6.21 μm in Group B. The mean RNFL in LE was 101.87±6.69 μm and 97.97±6.65 μm in Group A and Group B, respectively. The mean RNFL of both eyes was 102.92±7.77 μm in Group A and 98.45±7.86 μm in Group B. The mean RNFL was statistically significant between the two groups. Post-menopausal women are at an increased risk of developing elevated IOP and thin RNFL than premenopausal women. BSMMU J 2022; 15(2): 61-64</jats:p