A Multimodality Hybrid Gamma-Optical Camera for Intraoperative Imaging

The development of low profile gamma-ray detectors has encouraged the production of small field of view (SFOV) hand-held imaging devices for use at the patient bedside and in operating theatres. Early development of these SFOV cameras was focussed on a single modality-gamma ray imaging. Recently, a hybrid system-gamma plus optical imaging-has been developed. This combination of optical and gamma cameras enables high spatial resolution multi-modal imaging, giving a superimposed scintigraphic and optical image. Hybrid imaging offers new possibilities for assisting clinicians and surgeons in localising the site of uptake in procedures such as sentinel node detection. The hybrid camera concept can be extended to a multimodal detector design which can offer stereoscopic images, depth estimation of gamma-emitting sources, and simultaneous gamma and fluorescence imaging. Recent improvements to the hybrid camera have been used to produce dual-modality images in both laboratory simulations and in the clinic. Hybrid imaging of a patient who underwent thyroid scintigraphy is reported. In addition, we present data which shows that the hybrid camera concept can be extended to estimate the position and depth of radionuclide distribution within an object and also report the first combined gamma and Near-Infrared (NIR) fluorescence images.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio

The nutritional, hormonal and vitamin status in overweight and obesity

Background: Obesity is a global epidemic which is increasing dramatically in overwhelming rates among males and females of all age categories in developing and developed countries.Methods: The first phase of the project involves the questionnaires which apply to all the Participants in research. We also use the lab investigation to determine the abnormality in overweight and obese people. Then we will analysis and combine the results to others research and give output and recommendation that we hope helping us to limiting of increase incidence of obesity.Results: sample show that high cholesterol above normal average approximately in 31.05% of the participants while the triglyceride rate increased in 31.67%. A lack of vitamin D, as the rate did not exceed 18±6.8, in individuals with the BMI 25-29, and to be 13±8.82, in individuals with the BMI>30. Vitamin B12 rate became borderline in individuals with BMI 25-29, and deficient in individuals with BMI>30.Conclusions: Obese Saudi individuals have several nutritional deficiencies specifically in vitamins D and B12 despite their overweight. Efforts should be focused to increase awareness of healthy and weight control

Acute Appendicitis among Saudi and Non-Saudi Patients: A Cross-Sectional Based Study

Objective: We conduct this study to discuss the differences between Saudi and non- Saudi patients with acute appendicitis.Background: Acute appendicitis is one of emergency surgeries in developing and developed countries. Its symptoms are vomiting, lower abdominal pain and decreased appetite. Appendicitis needs urgent surgical prouder to avoid its perforation and associated complications which may lead to death. Method: We conduct cross-sectional based study in one of khamis Mushayt, Saudi Araba. 136 patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis were included and their medical records were reviewed after getting their informed consent.Results: We included 136 patients, 90 were non-Saudi and 46 were Saudi. There were no statistically differences in their diagnosis but the distribution of the diagnosis was different.Conclusion: Acute appendicitis was more prevalent among non-Saudi patients, the diagnosis between both was with no significant differences. Keywords: acute appendicitis, Saudi, non-Saudi, diagnosis, cross-sectional, Saudi Arabia and khamis Mushayt

Alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition and antioxidant potential of 3-oxolupenal and katononic acid isolated from Nuxia oppositifolia

Nuxia oppositifolia is traditionally used in diabetes treatment in many Arabian countries; however, scientific evidence is lacking. Hence, the present study explored the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of the plant extracts and their purified compounds. The methanolic crude extract of N. oppositifolia was partitioned using a two-solvent system. The n-hexane fraction was purified by silica gel column chromatography to yield several compounds including katononic acid and 3-oxolupenal. Antidiabetic activities were assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition. Antioxidant capacities were examined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging assays. Further, the interaction between enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and ligands (3-oxolupenal and katononic acid) was followed by fluorescence quenching and molecular docking studies. 3-oxolupenal and katononic acid showed IC50 values of 46.2 µg/mL (101.6 µM) and 52.4 µg/mL (119.3 µM), respectively against the amylase inhibition. 3-oxolupenal (62.3 µg/mL or 141.9 µM) exhibited more potent inhibition against α-glucosidases compared to katononic acid (88.6 µg/mL or 194.8 µM). In terms of antioxidant activity, the relatively polar crude extract and n-butanol fraction showed the greatest DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity. However, the antioxidant activities of the purified compounds were in the low to moderate range. Molecular docking studies confirmed that 3-oxolupenal and katononic acid interacted strongly with the active site residues of both α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Fluorescence quenching results also suggest that 3-oxolupenal and katononic acid have a good affinity towards both α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. This study provides preliminary data for the plant’s use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Social and Economic Factors that Influence Health Outcomes in Family Medicine

Over the last twenty years, the social determinants of health (SDOH) have gained more and more attention in the public health community. SDOH are non-medical elements that may be significantly impacted by social policies and have an impact on health. The increasing variety that exists within our societies makes it absolutely necessary for us to incorporate into undergraduate medical education social determinants of health such as racial factors, financial instability, partner violence, insufficient accessibility to transportation, and inadequate social supports, as well as the crucial role of health education.  Nonetheless, a growing body of research indicates that a variety of health outcomes are fundamentally caused by socioeconomic variables including wealth, income, and education together. In this review we highlight the influence of socio-economic factors on health outcomes, approaches to incorporate social determinants of health in family medicine practice, and we also talk about challenges and solutions in addressing social determinants in family medicine. The objective of this research was to assess the impact of social determinants of health on family medicine practice in which socioeconomic determinants of health might have an effect on health outcomes and healthcare delivery within the context of a family medicine clinical environment

Prevalence of impostor syndrome among healthcare students in Saudi Arabia and its association with academic performance

© 2024 The Author(s). Licensee Learning Gate. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Impostor syndrome refers to the inability to internalize accomplishments observed in high-achieving individuals and is linked with persistent anxiety, fear, and stress. The current study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of impostor syndrome (IS) and its association with academic performance among healthcare students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This was a cross-sectional study that utilized the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale to evaluate impostor syndrome among 620 healthcare students in KSA. Additionally, participants' academic performance was assessed by collecting Grade Point Average (GPA), collected from October 2023 to February 2024. Of the 620 healthcare students surveyed, 380 (61.3%) were female, and 604 (97.5%) were between the ages of 18 and 27. A total of 306 (49.4%) of the respondents reported experiencing high to intense levels of IS. While females have a higher prevalence of high to intense IS than males, this difference was insignificant (p = 0.29). Compared with students with a GPA of 4.5 – 5, the GPA ranges from 2 to 2.74 (OR: 0.168, 95%CI: 0.032-0.888) and 3.75 to 4.49 (OR: 0.032, 95%CI: 0.036-0.864) have relatively lower risk of developing high to intense IS. A high GPA and being from the Western region increase the risk of high to intense IS among healthcare students in KSA. These findings suggest that IS may intensify with academic success and geographical location, irrespective of demographic factors.Peer reviewe

Enhanced Skin Cancer Diagnosis Through Grid Search Algorithm-Optimized Deep Learning Models for Skin Lesion Analysis

Skin cancer is a widespread and perilous disease that necessitates prompt and precise detection for successful treatment. This research introduces a thorough method for identifying skin lesions by utilizing sophisticated deep learning (DL) techniques. The study utilizes three convolutional neural networks (CNNs)-CNN1, CNN2, and CNN3-each assigned to a distinct categorization job. Task 1 involves binary classification to determine whether skin lesions are present or absent. Task 2 involves distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions. Task 3 involves multiclass classification of skin lesion images to identify the precise type of skin lesion from a set of seven categories. The most optimal hyperparameters for the proposed CNN models were determined using the Grid Search Optimization technique. This approach determines optimal values for architectural and fine-tuning hyperparameters, which is essential for learning. Rigorous evaluations of loss, accuracy, and confusion matrix thoroughly assessed the performance of the CNN models. Three datasets from the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) Archive were utilized for the classification tasks. The primary objective of this study is to create a robust CNN system that can accurately diagnose skin lesions. Three separate CNN models were developed using the labeled ISIC Archive datasets. These models were designed to accurately detect skin lesions, assess the malignancy of the lesions, and classify the different types of lesions. The results indicate that the proposed CNN models possess robust capabilities in identifying and categorizing skin lesions, aiding healthcare professionals in making prompt and precise diagnostic judgments. This strategy presents an optimistic avenue for enhancing the diagnosis of skin cancer, which could potentially decrease avoidable fatalities and extend the lifespan of people diagnosed with skin cancer. This research enhances the discipline of biomedical image processing for skin lesion identification by utilizing the capabilities of DL algorithms

Colloidal Nanocrystal-Based Electrocatalysts for Combating Environmental Problems and Energy Crisis

The serious threat that human beings face in near future will be shortage of fossil fuel reserves and abrupt changes in global climate. To prepare for these serious concerns, raised due to climate change and shortage of fuels, conversion of excessive atmospheric CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels and production of hydrogen from water splitting is seen most promising solutions to combat the rising CO2 levels and energy crises. Amoung the various techniques that have been employed electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 into fuels and hydrogen production from water has gained tremendous interest. Hydrogen is a zero carbon-emitting fuel, can be an alternative to traditional fossil fuels. Therefore, researchers working in these areas are constantly trying to find new electrocatalysts that can be applied on a real scale to deal with environmental issues. Recently, colloidal nanocrystals (C-NCs)-based electrocatalysts have gained tremendous attention due to their superior catalytic selectivity/activity and durability compared to existing bulk electrodes. In this chapter, the authors discuss the colloidal synthesis of NCs and the effect of their physiochemical properties such as shape, size and chemical composition on the electrocatalytic performance and durability towards electrocatalytic H2 evolution reaction (EH2ER) and electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions (ECO2RR). The last portion of this chapter presents a brief perspective of the challenges ahead

Rare presentation of drug-induced oral erythema multiforme and its management: a case report

Aim. This case report discusses a rare variant of drug-induced erythema multiforme, focusing on its clinical features, diagnosis, and management. Background. Drug-induced erythema multiforme (DI-EM) is a hypersensitivity reaction occurring due to exposure to certain medications. DI-EM typically presents as erythematous and painful lesions on the oral mucosa, including the lips, tongue, and buccal mucosa. Case description. A 42-year-old male was referred to the Oral Medicine clinic with a chief complaint of painful lip ulceration and eruptions on the body after consuming medications. A detailed history was taken, and after a thorough examination, a perilesional biopsy for histopathological and immunopathological tests was performed. Following the exclusion of all other conditions with a similar presentation, a diagnosis of drug-induced erythema multiforme (DI-EM) was established. Conclusion. DI-EM can pose a diagnostic challenge due to its presentation. However, a diagnosis can be established by excluding other conditions associated with chronic inflammation or the formation of vesicles or bullae. Clinical Significance. DI-EM is a rare variant of EM with a very low prevalence in the general population, making it a challenging condition to diagnose due to its similarity in presentation with other mucocutaneous disorders. A thorough medical history, along with histopathology and immunology tests, coupled with ruling out other diseases and noting a positive history of recent drug consumption, aids in recognizing this condition, given the absence of any confirmatory diagnostic test. Early diagnosis and cessation of causative drugs, along with supportive medications, contribute to the complete resolution of the condition