Hot extrusion followed by a hot ecap consolidation combined technique in the production of Boron Carbide (B4C) reinforced with aluminium chips (AA6061) composite

A new and promising MMC approach to the reduction of pollution, greenhouse effects, and emissions is to develop a technology related to materials composite forming. Hot extrusion followed by hot ECAP is a combination of solid-state recycling method (direct recycling) that consists of chip preparations, cold compaction, and hot extrusion, followed by the ECAP process. The developed process is used to consolidate the chips for direct chip recycling purposes without the remelting phase. In this study, finished or semi-finished products from B4C-reinforced particles and AA6061 aluminium chips were produced. The samples made by hot extrusion were compared with samples obtained from hot extrusion followed by the hot ECAP process in terms of mechanical properties. Additional plastic deformation by hot ECAP after hot extrusion significantly increased the mechanical properties of the MMC compared with the samples obtained from the hot extrusion only. The density and microstructure of the samples were also determined

Effect of Natural Organic Fertilizers (Black Tea Waste and Orange Peel) on Active Compounds and Chemical Properties to Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

The aim from this study is known impartment natural organic fertilizers (black tea waste and orange peel) on active compounds (Linalool and Limonine mg. gm-1) and chemical properties. Proportion and product of oil (mg.h1-), carbohydrate seed content (mg g-1), percentage of nitrogen and percentage of protein to basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), black tea wastes and orange peel powder were prepared from the house in 1 February 2023 and then we dried the samples under the open air so that we could maintain the active compounds. The operational experiment was carried out in plastics quotas according to the design of the random sectors in the wood shadow. Two factors included the first: mixing of black tea wastes and orange peels with soil with three levels (0, 20 ,40 and 80 g/kg). Soil (before cultivation and treatment), filled plastics with 10 kg dry soil and 3 replication per treatment. The results were found to have a moral effect in the treatment of black tea waste of the level of concentration of 80 g/kg. Soil at Proportion and product of oil (mg.h1-), Carbohydrate seed content (mg g-1), percentage of nitrogen, percentage of protein, Linalool and Limonine mg gm-1that gave the highest concentration (51.15%, 19.67, 1.59, 21.43, 23.52 and 12.95) respectively. The results were found to have a moral effect in the treatment of orange peels of the level of concentration of 80 g/kg. Soil at Proportion and product of oil (M g.h1-), carbohydrate seed content (mg g-1), percentage of nitrogen, percentage of protein, Linalool and Limonine mg gm-1 that gave the highest concentration (50.12, 18.39, 1.66, 20.15, 22.98 and 11.88) respectively.&nbsp

Urban Expansion, Development Pressure And The Perception Of The Local Communities: The Application Of Geographic Information System (Gis) And Remote Sensing (Rs)

The rapid increase of urban development is a major issue for many regions around the world, which have resulted in astounding loss in agricultural and natural lands. Most developing countries face significant increase in demand for land to satisfy the need of urban activities for increase population densities and fast economic growth. In Malaysia, urbanization has increased from 27.6% in 1970 to 65.4% in 2000 and is projected to achieve 75.0% in 2020.This will cause significant changes in land use activities. Urban development process is one of many causes for land use changes, which has also caused rural environmental changes. Therefore, planners and policy makers should try to understand the urban expansion drivers in order to reduce or control the negative impacts of urban development. This study attempted to understand urban development pressure and investigate the impact on the affected communities. A multi-temporal analysis land use analysis was undertaken by using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS). Textural analysis was performed using the satellite image to delineate the urban areas showing the movement of growth across the landscape through time. GIS and MCE approaches were that used to identify the suitable new development areas, which experiencing urban development pressure. Asocial economic survey was undertaken using two questionnaires where decision makers and Balik Pulau in Penang communities were interviewed. The survey was intended to investigate the perception of the community and to examine the future plans of affected Balik Pulau communities. This study found that the people in Balik Pulau have good perception; they identified urban development issues and have a good general level of awareness about various development issues, causes and consequences. The study found significant direct and indirect impact of urban development on rural environment of Balik Pulau. Generally, built-up areas experienced significant changes during several periods in size, speed and patterns of urban expansion. Penang Island in general and Balik Pulau in particular experienced an increase in size and concentration in built-up areas. Penang Island has many factors that created the development pressure on natural and agricultural land

Development of Hot Equal Channel Angular Processing (ECAP) consolidation technique in the production of Boron Carbide(B4C)-Reinforced Aluminium Chip (AA6061)-based composite

The production of metal matrix composites (MMCs) through recycled materials is a cost-saving process. However, the improvement of the mechanical and physical properties is another challenge to be concerned. In this study, recycled aluminium 6061 (AA6061) chips reinforced with different volumetric fractions of boron carbide (B4C) were produced through hot equal channel angular processing (ECAP). Response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out to investigate the dependent response (compressive strength) with independent parameters such as different volumetric fractions (5-15%) of added contents of B4C and preheating temperature (450 – 550°C). Also, the number of passes were examined to check the effect on the mechanical and physical properties of the developed recycled AA6061/B4C composite. The results show that maximum compressive strength and hardness of recycled AA6061/B4C were 59.2 MPa and 69 HV respectively at 5% of B4C contents. Likewise, the density and number of pores increased, which were confirmed through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopes (AFM) analysis. However, the number of passes enhanced the mechanical and physical properties of the recycled AA6061/B4C composite. Therefore, the maximum compressive strength and hardness achieved were 158 MPa and 74.95 HV for the 4th pass. Moreover, the physical properties of recycled AA6061/B4C composite become denser of 2.62 g/cm3 at the 1st pass and 2.67 g/cm3 for the 4th pass. Thus, it can be concluded that the B4C volumetric fraction and number of passes have a significant effect on recycled AA6061 chips

Exploring the Sequence analysis of the Two-Component System Response Regulator OmpR in Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii

Background: The study focuses on the clinical profiles, antibiotic susceptibility, and genetic characteristics of 25 A. baumannii isolates from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Patient Cohort: Ages range from 18 to 70 years, with a male to female ratio of 1.375. Notable Finding: Some multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates had commonalities with extensively drug-resistant (XDR) variations, showing the evolution of drug resistance.Methods: Antibiotic Efficacy Analysis: Evaluation of antibiotic efficacy when the variable moved from lower (Bin 1) to higher (Bin 2) levels. Correlation Matrix: An analysis of antibiotic correlations to better identify potential cross-resistance and shared characteristics. Genetic Diversity Analysis: An examination of variants in the OmpR gene, including mutations and polymorphisms. Sequence analysis is used to identify point mutations in OmpR, with an emphasis on transitions such as adenine (A) to guanine (G).Results: Significant improvement in antibiotic efficacy from Bin 1 to Bin 2. Correlation Findings: Antibiotics have complex interactions, which may indicate cross-resistance. Genetic diversity: Variations in the OmpR gene have implications for virulence and adaptability. Sequence Analysis: The majority of point mutations in OmpR were transitions, with A typically changing to G.Conclusion: In Iraq, researchers have discovered the first evidence that clinical resistance in A. baumannii may be caused by structural alterations in the OmpR gene. A. baumannii isolates' genetic diversity at certain locations suggests possible implications on virulence and adaptation.Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii; OmpR; Polymorphism; MDR 

Financing Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and the Role of Private Banks: an Exploratory Study in Dhi-Qar Province

Purpose: The research aims to shed light on the financing of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Dhi-Qar province and the role of private banks in that.   Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework of study focuses on the defining of (SMEs), the method of financing the (SMEs) which included the operating loans and investment loans, the obstacles to financing, and the factors of success and failure in SMEs also included in theoretical framework.   Design/methodology/approach: The study tool for the practical side was a questionnaire, and the study relied on the descriptive analytical approach, where the questionnaire was distributed (335) questionnaire on the owners of (SMEs) represented (Chamber of Commerce, The Business Federation, and the Chamber of Industry) and the number of questionnaires valid for analysis was (300) and the statistical program was used (SPSS.v.23), Research, Practical & Social implications:   Findings: The study reached the most important conclusions, including the inability of owners of (SMEs) to provide the required guarantees from private banks, and the weak ability to Submit the required financial statements for which the loan is granted, and the amount of loans granted by the banks is not compatible with the capital and operational needs of the owners of (SMEs).   Originality/value: Highlight in the necessity of finding a mechanism to financially support (SMEs) and urge banks and financial institutions to encourage them to support these enterprises

Measuring and Analyzing the Impact of Financial Crowding Out on the Iraqi Banking Sector for the Period From 2004 to 2020

Purpose:  The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of financial crowding out on the banking sector, tested under the mediation of the two variables  of  banking sector indicators (total deposits  ,Bank credit).   Theoretical Framework:  Although the studies conducted to clarify the effects of fiscal crowding-out were conducted in the context of public finances, there was a need to explore the effect of mediating interest rates as a result of increasing public debt to finance government spending.   Design/Methodology/Approach:  We used the methodologies of Ali Jaber and Hoda Abed (2003) to test the effect of financial policy variables to measure the size of the financial crowding out variable. Regarding the testing and validity of the hypothetical search model, path analysis was used within the structural equation modeling analysis. The study sample consists of 16 commercial and Islamic banks in the Iraqi banking sector, and it is inclusive of all the data of the banks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange, for the possibility of generalizing the results fairly to the community.   Findings:  The results indicate that the variables of total taxes, public debt, and total public expenditures as indicators of the volume of financial competition have a direct impact on total bank deposits and credit. Such an effect is statistically significant. The results provide practical solutions to enhance competition in the funds available for lending to the banking sector by diversifying the various funding sources to preserve and sustain banking resources.   Research, Practical and Social Implications:  Future studies can look at other indicators of the size of financial competition and assess its impact on the various dimensions of the relationship between the financial policy methodology and banking sector facilities.   Implications/Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature related to fiscal policy by analyzing the results of the impact of government spending financing equations on total deposits and the volume of bank credit in Iraqi banks, and presents a practical and applied perception of the role played by the fiscal policy methodology in Iraq

Hydrological assessment of the volume of water losses in Al-Habbaniyah Lake and its impact on the tourism activity of the tourist city h using modern geographical technologies

The research aims to study the estimation of the volume of water losses from surface streams in each of Lake Habbaniyah، and to achieve this goal the study adopted a descriptive approach to explain the reasons for the increase in the volume of water losses and study the factors affecting them. different، and it was found in general through the research that there are large amounts of surface water wasted through several processes، the most important of which are (leakage – evaporation. Where the latter worked to increase the amount of water losses from surface streams because the amount of evaporation from a water body during a specific period depends on two groups، the first includes climatic factors that carry between its folds، solar radiation، temperature، relative humidity ... etc.) and the second group includes factors related to The nature of water and its characteristics in terms of water quality، water depth، size and shape of water bodies. The results proved that both groups worked directly to increase the amount of water losses and thus led to a decrease in the amount of water in the study area، so this study came as an attempt to clarify the reality of the possibilities available to estimate the volume of water losses in Lake Habbaniyah، and its role in economic evaluation by working to reduce evaporation and shortage rates The occurrence of water، which leads to hitting the existing tourism in that region

A historical study of the Asian Men's Volleyball Championships from (1975) to (2021)

Studying the history of sports and knowing their achievements is of great importance as it is considered a means of advancement for societies and a measure of their culture and stages of development in all fields. One of the important sports games at the international and local levels is volleyball, which has a long history at the global level. The importance of the research lies in knowing the teams participating in the Asian championships and their most important results and where they were held from the first Asian Championship for men's teams in (1975) until the last championship held in Japan in (2021). Through the teams' participation in the Asian Men's Volleyball Championships, many teams have emerged on the Asian scene. The question here is whether there is documentation of these participations. What are the most important positions that the teams have obtained and also knowing the reasons for their development. And knowing the reasons for the fluctuations in the results and participations of some teams in the Asian Men's Championships. The most important conclusions reached by this research are that there are many achievements and participations for the teams that have not been documented. They have been documented

Systematic Review of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Control: Challenges, Solutions, and Meta-Heuristic Optimization

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are powerful tools with vast potential, yet they face significant challenges. One of the primary issues is flight endurance, limited by current battery technology. Researchers are exploring alternative power sources, including hybrid systems and internal combustion engines, and considering docking stations for battery exchange or recharging. Beyond endurance, UAVs must address safety, efficient path planning, payload capacity balancing, and flight autonomy. The complexity increases when considering swarming behaviour, collision avoidance, and communication protocols. Despite these challenges, research continues to unlock UAVs’ potential, with path planning optimization significantly advanced by meta-heuristic algorithms like the Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (COA). Whereas, meta-heuristic algorithms can be defined as system-level strategies that are used to seek suboptimal solutions to optimization problems. It uses heuristic approaches together with the exploration/exploitation scheme in order to effectively employ within large solution spaces. However, dynamic environments still present difficulties. UAVs have evolved beyond recreational use, becoming essential in industries like agriculture, delivery services, surveillance, and disaster relief. By resolving issues related to autonomy, battery longevity, and security, the benefits of UAV technology can be fully optimized. This systematic review emphasizes the importance of continuous innovation in UAV research to overcome these challenges