METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DETECTING FRAUDULENT TRANSACTIONS THROUGH PAYMENT CARD

The aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method (500) and a system (122) for detecting fraudulent transactions through payment card (102). The method (500) initiates with collecting and storing a set of data associated with card holding patterns of a card holder (106) using a smart chip (202) of the payment card (102). The set of data is transmitted from a smart chip (202) to a POS terminal (110) and forwarded to a payment processor (112). The payment processor (112) compares the set of data with historical data to identify a change in the card holding pattern when the payment card (102) is presented at the POS terminal (110)

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Whole Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveal Allelic Variations Unique to a Purple Colored Rice Landrace (Oryza sativa ssp. indica cv. Purpleputtu)

Purpleputtu (Oryza sativa ssp. indica cv. Purpleputtu) is a unique rice landrace from southern India that exhibits predominantly purple color. This study reports the underlying genetic complexity of the trait, associated domestication and de-domestication processes during its coevolution with present day cultivars. Along-with genome level allelic variations in the entire gene repertoire associated with the purple, red coloration of grain and other plant parts. Comparative genomic analysis using ‘a panel of 108 rice lines’ revealed a total of 3,200,951 variants including 67,774 unique variations in Purpleputtu (PP) genome. Multiple sequence alignment uncovered a 14 bp deletion in Rc (Red colored, a transcription factor of bHLH class) locus of PP, a key regulatory gene of anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. Interestingly, this deletion in Rc gene is a characteristic feature of the present-day white pericarped rice cultivars. Phylogenetic analysis of Rc locus revealed a distinct clade showing proximity to the progenitor species Oryza rufipogon and O. nivara. In addition, PP genome exhibits a well conserved 4.5 Mbp region on chromosome 5 that harbors several loci associated with domestication of rice. Further, PP showed 1,387 unique when SNPs compared to 3,023 lines of rice (SNP-Seek database). The results indicate that PP genome is rich in allelic diversity and can serve as an excellent resource for rice breeding for a variety of agronomically important traits such as disease resistance, enhanced nutritional values, stress tolerance, and protection from harmful UV-B rays

Pressure induced anomalies in an as-Al-Te glass

The pressure and temperature dependences of the electrical resistance of A34.4AlTe61.6 and As16.mA116.67Te66 66 glasses have been investigated using an opposed anvil setup. The resistance of the glasses exhibit N lo6 fold decrease with increasing pressure up to 7 GPa at 300 K. This hehaviour can be traced to the corresponding changes with pressure of the activation energy for electrical conduction, AE(p).The As34.4A14Te61.6 glass exhibits pressure induced anomalies at 2 GPa in the pressure variation of AE(p) and the pressure coefficient of electrical resistance. Such an anomaly is not seen for the As16.67A116.67Te66.66 glass. The anomalies point to a pressure induced morphological structural transformation in the AS. AIT.glass

<span style="font-size: 21.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Effect of phenol on lipid and fatty acid profile of <i><span style="font-size: 21.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Xanthomonas oryzae </span></i><span style="font-size:21.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">pv. <i><span style="font-size: 21.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">oryzae</span></i> </span></span>

1062-1064<span style="font-size: 15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">Effect of phenol on total lipid and fatty acid composition of Xanthomonas oryzae <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">pv. <span style="font-size: 15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial blight of rice <span style="font-size:15.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">(Oryzae sativa) <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif""="">was studied. Lipid level was low in phenol treated cells. Number of fatty acids detected from phenol treated cells was more than those found in untreated cells as revealed by Gas chromatography. Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), linolenic acid (C18:3) and behenic acid (C22:0) were present only in the treated cells. Palmitic acid which is usually found in bacteria was not detected both in control and treated cells. </span

<span style="font-size: 20.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Effect of phenol on protein and amino acid content of <i><span style="font-size:20.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Xanthomonas </span></i><i><span style="font-size: 21.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">oryzae </span></i><span style="font-size:20.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">pv. <i><span style="font-size:21.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">oryzae</span></i> </span></span>

1055-1061<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">Leaf blight disease of rice <span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">(Oryza sariva) is caused by the bacterium <span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">Xanthomonas oryzae pv. <span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif""="">oryzae. <span style="font-size:16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">Phenol (1 to 4 mM) induced changes in protein profiles of <span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif""="">X. o. <span style="font-size:16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">pv. orvzae <span style="font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif""="">and a stress protein with a molecular mass of 69,000 appeared. HPLC analysis indicated occurrence of amino acids such as asparagine, alanine, methionine and cystine in phenol treated cells. Proton NMR analysis also revealed variation on the presence of amino acids in the cells treated with phenol. </span

<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-IN;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN; mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">Effect of phenol on ultra structure and plasmid DNA of <i>Xanthomonas oryzae </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style:italic">pv<i>. oryzae</i></span></span>

78-81<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-in;="" mso-bidi-language:hi"="" lang="EN-IN">Most phenolic substances of plant origin are toxic to microorganisms and they confer some degree of protection to plants against phytopathogens. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, bacterial blight pathogen of rice (Oryza sativa) was treated with phenol (monohydroxy benzene) and its effects on the morphology and cytological changes of the bacterium were studied. Total lysis of cells occurred with 5 mM cone of phenol while at 2 mM cone, the cell walls became rough and cell contents started shrinking. Plasmids isolated from both treated (2 mM) and control cells did not show any marked difference under electron mi croscope except that they differed in their quantity and might influence pathogenicity.</span