Analisis Kos-Faedah Projek Kelapa Sawit Nes-V Transmigrasi: Kajian Kes di Riau, Indonesia

Penanaman kelapa sawit yang dijalankan oleh projek NES-V transmigrasi memerlukan modal pelaburan yang besar dan juga melibatkan kos pemeliharaan yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan komoditi tanaman saka yang lain. Oteh itu, adalah perlu dilakukan penilaian sarna ada projek tersebut tetah mencapai matlamat untuk terus berdaya maju. Tambahan pula, keberdayamajuan projek sangat mustahak untuk menentukan sama ada atau tidak projek tersebut telah dapat menyumbang ke arah pencapaian sasaran tahap pendapatan sebanyak USD 1,500 setahun untuk peserta projek. Memandangkan kenyataan di atas, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menilai keberdayamajuan projek berdasarkan analisis kewangan; menilai tahap pendapatan petani NES transmigrasi; dan mengenalpasti faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan petani kelapa sawit estet nukleus transmigrasi serta memberi cadangan yang boleh dipertimbangkan oleh pihak agensi berkaitan. Kajian ini tetah drjalankan di projek NES Transmigrasi PT. Pertadangan Nusantara V Sungai Pagar, Kabupaten Kampar, Riau, Indonesia. Untuk kajian ini, seramai 100 responden telah dipilih untuk dijadikan sebagai sampel kajian bagi mewakili populasi peserta projek NES tahun penanaman 1985/1986. Analisis kos-faedah mengikut analisis kewangan telah digunakan untuk menentukan kebolehlaksanaan projek. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa projek NES Transmigrasi Sungai Pagar adalah menguntungkan dan berdaya maju. Kebolehlaksanaan projek adalah peka terhadap perubahan peratusan pembolehubah kos operasi, jumlah pengeluaran dan harga kelapa sawit. Oleh itu, projek ini wajar untuk terus dijalankan. Walau bagaimanapun terdapat kelemahan pengurusan yang perlu diberi perhatian. Analisis model logit menunjukkan kebarangkalian petani berjaya mencapai pendapatan bersih USD 1,500 setahun, adalah berhubungan secara positif dengan pengalaman petani, taraf pendidikan, tahap kepuasan, sikap petani terhadap penerapan teknologi tanaman kelapa sawit dan pengetahuan petani terhadap pengurusan, tetapi berhubungan secara negatif dengan umur petani dan saiz keluarga. Pekali pengalaman petani, pengetahuan petani terhadap kepengurusan dan sikap petani terhadap penerapan teknologi tanaman kelapa sawit dan saiz keluarga adalah didapati bererti pada aras 5 peratus

An analysis of total factor productivity (TFP) growth of the Indonesian food manufacturing industry

The aim of the study is to analyze TFP growth and sources of growth of Indonesian food manufacturing industry. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) were used for estimating 55 industries of the 2000-2006 periods. The results show that the annual average the productivity growth was 1.25 percent. Technical change is more closely related with productivity growth rather than the technical efficiency change. The average of technical change was 6.65 percent per annum. While technical efficiency change reveals has negative change by 1.78 percent per annum, Based on this, implies that technological progress is a major sources of growth rather than technical efficiency change. The rate of technological progress is higher than the rate of technical efficiency change by 6.65 percent per annum

Existence and Dynamics of Hajj and Umrah Guidance Groups in Bogor and Jember Regency

The community highly trusts Islamic boarding schools as religious, educational institutions in religious formation. Many Islamic boarding schools are participating in the Hajj and Umrah guidance business by establishing the Hajj and Umrah Guidance Group (KBIHU). This article aims to analyze the dynamics of Islamic boarding school-based KBIHU in guiding the Hajj and Umrah in Bogor Regency and Jember Regency. This article uses an ethnographic approach with data collection techniques through interviews and observations conducted at KBIHU in Bogor and Jember. The results of this study show that the presence of KBIHU helps the government's duties and functions in carrying out guidance to Hajj pilgrims as regulated in the Decree of the Director General of Hajj and Umrah Organization (Dirjen PHU) Number 59 of 2019 concerning Operational Guidelines for Guidance Groups. The existence of Islamic boarding school-based KBIHU generally depends on the quality of human resources in management and supervisors. Kiai, as Islamic boarding school caregivers, have qualified knowledge but still need to be competent in guidance and have certificates. They must be more competent in secretarial procedures, guidance agreement documents, participant data, and guidance plans. The supervisory agencies for KBIHU, such as the Directorate General of PHU, the PHU Division of the Regional Office, and the PHU Section of the Ministry of Religion, have not fully implemented the Decree of the Director General of PHU 59 of 2019 in terms of guidance, supervision, control and reporting by the provisions of this decision. In carrying out accreditation, the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion must involve professional institutions to guide KBIHU in reporting, documents and all its obligations. KBIHU reporting and documents must be done digitally using the PUSAKA Application as the Ministry of Religion's Super Apps. Increasing the capacity of KBIHU based on Islamic boarding schools can contribute to the development of foundations/Islamic boarding schools and provide knowledge to the community

The Dialectics of Islamic Law and Customary Law on Marriage Concept of Javanese Muslim in Malaysia

In Malaysia, customary law, especially marriage, should follow Islamic laws. Customary law should not conflict with Islamic law. On the contrary, the Muslim community of Javanese descent in Malaysia can combine customary and Islamic laws balanced. They maintain Javanese marriage traditions by harmonizing Malay customs and Islamic marriage laws, such as rewang (helping each other), slametan (praying together), tunangan (engagement), ijaban (wedding), and nyumbang (donating).  To contribute to previous studies, this article aims to critically examine the debate between customary and Islamic laws regarding the marriage tradition of the Javanese Muslim community in Selangor and Johor, Malaysia. The analysis results show that the debate of customary and Islamic laws concerning the concept of marriage for the Javanese Muslim community in Malaysia encourages negotiations so customs in harmony with Islamic law can be maintained and conflicting traditions can be abandoned. The debate between customary and Islamic laws in the marriages of Javanese Muslim communities in Malaysia is closely related to social, economic, and traditional symbols of carrying out religious teachings, strengthening solidarity, and preserving tradition.

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine research and development in Malaysia: A scientometric study based on relevant conferences from 2004 to 2014

Purpose: To examine the trend of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) research progress. The study aims to fill the gap of literature dearth that systematically addresses the trend of TERM research and development in Malaysia. Methods: A scientometric study of published abstracts presented in International Conference on Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 2004, National Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Scientific Meeting 2006 and Malaysian Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Scientific Meeting 2008-2014 was conducted. The study explored the publication productivity trends, authorship productivity, collaboration pattern, sources of funding and areas of interest. These data were examined in relation to the overall publications. Results: A total of 362 abstracts were published in 6 conferences from 2004 to 2014. Majority of publications were multi-authored involving public institutions of higher learning. The collaborations between local and international authors were noted. The active research areas and themes were identified. It can be appreciated that the conference participation expands with the coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.0775. Thus, Malaysian researchers seemed to be focusing on various cell sources, biomaterials, signaling factors and organ systems. A declining trend in these areas of interest is observed. Based on the study, certain prominent researchers and institutions are actively upholding the TERM research. Conclusion: The present study is hoped to shed some lights and serves as a reference towards the advancement of TERM research in Malaysia

Formulation and evaluation of fast disintegrating tablets of Granisetron HCl using natural polymers

The present research work is to formulate and evaluate fast disintegrating tablets of Ganisetron HCl using natural polymers. Tablets were prepared by direct compression method using different drug polymer concentration. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) study revealed no chemical interaction between drug and polymers used. Precompression and postcompression parameters were within the limits for the tablets. Disintegration and dissolution data of tablets were directly proportional to the superdisintegrants concentration. Selected fast dissolving tablet F8 containing plantago ovate 5%w/w has released 99.66 % within 3min

Formulation and evaluation of controlled release matrix tablets of antihypertensive drug using natural and synthetic hydrophilic polymers

The present study is to prepare and evaluate controlled release matrix tablets of Losartan potassium using natural and synthetic polymers. Tablets were prepared by direct compression method using different drug: polymer concentration. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) study revealed no chemical interaction between drug and polymers used. Precompression and postcompression parameters complied with pharmacopoeial limit for the tablets. In-vitro release studies was performed and the results indicates that matrix tablet  (F9) containing 50% w/w blend of natural and synthetic polymer has better controlled release for a period of 24 h

Controlled drug delivery of diltiazem hydrochloride as transdermal patches: a novel approach on formulation evaluation in vitro and in vivo parameters

A significant effort was done to formulate transdermal patches (Paranjothi 1998) of Diltiazem Hydrochloride (DH), a benzothiazepine calcium channel blocker, mainly meant for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina pectoris; by using hydroxy ethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and Eudragit RLPO. Six batches of transdermal patches were prepared by solvent casting technique in which the best formulation was found out. The polymers HEC, EC and Eudragit RLPO were incorporated with Diltiazem Hydrochloride in various proportions, out of which the best formulation on the ratio [HEC: EC: EUDRAGIT RLPO-1:1:2] with the drug was determined. The prepared transdermal patches were spherical, uniform in shape and white in color. The obtained transdermal films were evaluated for physico-chemical characteristics, in vitro release profile and in vivo evaluation in albino mice. Higuchis plot studies revealed that the predominant mechanism of drug release was diffusion

SURFACE RESPONSE METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF NAPROXEN SUSTAINED RELEASE TABLETS

Objective: The current work focuses on the development and optimization of Naproxen 800mg sustained release tablets using surface response methodology.Methods: The drug release was controlled by formulating it into a sustained release tablet. The formulae was developed using various individual concentrations and viscosity grades of HPMC polymers for Naproxen SR tablets. The compatibility of polymers along with pure drug Naproxen was evaluated using FTIR and DSC studies. The tablets were prepared and Pre- and Post-compressional parameters, In-vitro dissolution testing, release rate kinetics and stability studies were evaluated.Results: The FT-IR and DSC spectras confirms the absence of chemical interaction between drug and polymers. All the Pre-compressional and Post-compressional parameters were found to be in limits. From the dissolution testing of all these formulations the low and high level of polymer concentrations which were within the range of Target product profile was determined. The design space as defined by the above experiments is within 21.3 to 22.8 range of the total polymer concentration. The data for stability studies revealed that no considerable differences in drug content and dissolution rates for a period of 6 months as per ICH guidelines.Conclusion: Based on the above results, a design space for all the three polymers was successfully developed within which when the tablets are fabricated, the target product profile will always be achieved. Key-words: Rheumatoid arthritis; Naproxen; Sustained release matrix system; Hydrophilic polymers