Perlaksanaan prinsip lean dalam pendidikan

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk meninjau tahap kepuasan pelajar berdasarkan aspek dalam pendidikan Lean di Fakulti Pendidikan Teknikal dan Vokasional. Menurut pendidikan Lean, terdapat 4 aspek utama iaitu aspek maklumat, aspek aset, aspek proses dan aspek sumber manusia. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensi. Dalam menganalisis data secara deskriptif, skor min dipilih untuk mendapatkan ukuran manakala bagi inferensi, ujian ANOVA digunakan bagi mencari perbezaan di antara umur dan juga semester pengajian. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan instrumen soal selidik yang melibatkan sampel kajian yang terdiri daripada 230 orang pelajar-pelajar Sarjana Pendidikan Teknik Dan Vokasional di mana populasinya seramai 290 orang. Data mentah dianalisis menggunakan pakej perisian Statistical Package For Social Science (SPSS). Hasil dari analisis data menunjukkan tahap kepuasan pelajar terhadap keempat-empat aspek pendidikan Lean adalah sederhana. Dapatan juga menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbezaan tahap kepuasan pelajar mengikut umur dan juga semester pengajian secara keseluruhannya. Walau bagaimanapun, dapatan menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan dari aspek aset di antara pelajar semester 2 dengan pelajar semester 3

Changes In Organic Matter Content And Chemical Properties Of Durian Series Soil After Conversion Of A Jungle To An Oil Palm Plantation

Oil palm activities have increased rapidly since the 1980’s. The establishment of the oil palm plantations involves opening up of new areas of forested land, conversion of rubber to oil palm and replanting. It is well established that clearing of jungle for agriculture purpose results in environmental problem, including land degradation, especially in hilly terrains, when terracing is carried for crop cultivation. However, under oil palm cultivation, unlike other crop, the crop management practices involved the additional of empty fruit bunches (EFB) as a mulch and establishment of legume cover crop in the immature stages and placement of pruned fronds in mature phase, which add a lot of organic mater back to the soil to rebuild soil organic matter (SOM) or carbon (C) storage in the soil. Although work has been done to show the benefits of EFB and frond placements and leguminous cover on lowland soils cultivated with oil palm, there are no documented information on the effects of these palm residues on the terraced to show the extent of the addition crop residues (EFB as a mulch, fronds pruned and placement interrows and leguminous establishment) rebuild SOM and rehabilitate the soil. Hypothetically, similar beneficial effects of residues on terraced soil in hilly terrain areas should also be observed. In 1993, a study was initiated at an oil palm plantation at Bukit Rokan, Gemas, Negeri Sembilan, which established after clearing a logged-over jungle in a hilly terrain. The aim was to investigate the long-term in SOM and other related soil chemical characteristics in a hilly terrain. The terraced on hill slope of about 30 degrees. This project was initiated by the Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), in 1993. This study is a continuously of the above with the following: i. to assess the short-term changes (1 year period) of soil organic carbon (SOC) and other related chemical characteristics on a terrace of an 8 ½ year old oil palm area converted from jungle, ii. to determine the long-term (8½ years) changes of SOC and other soil chemical characteristic in the above area, over a period 1993 (under jungle) to 2003 and iii. to compare the SOC content and other soil chemical characteristics of the soil under oil palm in objective ii and soil under jungle in an adjacent jungle area. Since the soil surface cover under the palms is not the same, the establishment of the long term study in 1993, bulk soil sampling was done at three different sites with eight replicated along the terrace around the palm at along the terrace in stratisified random sampling. The area were on upper terrace of hilly area around the base where EFB was earlier applied during the 1st three years, bare soil area – l m radius around outside the palm base and with legumes cover and/or fronds placement between two palms. For the first objective, a short-term study, (1 year) was carried whereby soil samples were taken at three tine interval, i.e. 3rd March 2002, 5th September 2002 and 3rd March 2003 at 0 – 15 cm (topsoil) and 15 -30 cm (subsoil) soil depths. Altogether there were 64 soil samples collected (3 times interval x 3 sites x 2 depth x 8 replication). Soil sample were analysed for total mineral N i.e. (NH4+-N + NO3 --N and NO2 --N), pH (H2O), total N, organic C, light fraction organic matter, available P, exchangeable cations and cation exchange capacity (CEC). There for the second objective, for a long term study, was carried out based on data obtained from the first study from samples collected at 98 and 104 month after planting (MAP) and data from similar soil sampling by previous workers from the time area under jungle, then jungle clearing and planting of palms in a period of about 8½. The third objective was achieved by selecting an adjacent jungle area to the cultivated terraced area in study (ii) as the similar slope. Four terraces were selected in the two cultivated slope and four levels at similar heights of the 4 terraces on two slops under jungle. Bulk topsoil (0 – 15 cm) samples were collected at 8 replicated points above each terrace (under area of oil palm) and level (under area of jungle). Altogether, there was 128 soil sampling [2 main areas (oil palm and jungle) x 4 terrace/level x 2 slopes x 8 replicated point sampling].Results of this study showed dynamic short-term changes in SOC and other chemical characteristics. Small changes or fluctuation in the soil chemical characteristics including SOM occurred that could be attributed to crop management practices and environmental factors. Soil organic carbon, light fraction organic matter, soil pH and CEC of topsoil showed dynamic significant difference between times of sampling under all area of soil cover types (area of EFB apply, bare soil area and area of cover crop). Soil organic carbon for the topsoil, at all soil cover types, showed significant increased until second time sampling but remain similar at third time sampling while at the area of cover crop (Subsoil) showed highly significantly different from first time sampling (0.083%) to third time sampling (1.577%). Soil pH, generally showed significant decreased especially at bare soil and cover crop. Generally, long term-changes study under different area of soil cover types showed fluctuating trend. At the end of this study, at 104 MAP, all soil cover types showed lower values of soil organic carbon (SOC) and other chemical characteristics compared with soil under jungle except for exchangeable potassium. Started from at palm planting until 104 MAP, the build up of SOC and other soil chemical characteristics in this area are about 55 to 65 per cent comparing with soil properties when this sites is under jungle. Study there, showed CEC under jungle area (14.9cmolckg-1) significant high than oil palm (6.5cmolckg-1) while available P showed significant lower than oil palm area. Only exch. Ca and Mg at J2 showed small differences between levels. Generally, it was concluded that short-term study showed dynamic changes of soil properties and fluctuation trend in long-term study. After 8 ½ years SOC and other soil chemical characteristics under oil palm cultivation on terrace still lower than under jungle area but study there showed that not differences soil properties under oil palm and nearby jungle

Development of forecasting in Sungai Muda, Kuala Muda, Kedah by utilizing artificial neural network (ANN)

This report deals with flood problem which is usually happened in Malaysia when it coincides with monsoon and gave harm and damages to human life, as it had took many lives each time it happens. A case study of flood is going to be conduct to analyze the pattern of water level and to determine other causes that contributes to the flood. The main aim of the study is to minimize the effect of flood problems. It is also used to develop high accuracy model utilizing Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in predicting flood. Furthermore, it used to forecast flood occasion in the study area of station number of 5606410 of Sungai Muda (Jambatan Syed Omar) which is the main river that supplies water to Kedah and Penang. Besides, it used to investigate whether water level data alone can be used to produce modelling and to determine whether ANN is functioning in the forecasting. In this case study, a computational model will be used to stimulate the input data and generate the result, which is called Artificial Neural Network. ANN, which are modelled on the operating behaviour of the brain, are tolerant of some imprecision and are especially useful for classification and function approximation or mapping problems, to which hard and fast rules cannot be applied easily. The terminology of artificial neural networks has created form an organic biological model of neural system, which it comprises an asset of joined cells, the neurons. The neurons receive impulses or response from either input cells or any other neurons. It will perform some kind of transformation of the input and then, it will transfer the outcome to other neurons or also known as output cells. The neural networks are developed from many layers of connected neurons. The result showed that input 7+1 had the highest NSC value of 0.979 with RMSE value of 288.332 for 6 hour interval time, while input 6+1 had the highest NSC value of 0.977 with RMSE value of 134.801 for 3 hour interval time. In conclusion, this research contributes toward the development of forecasting using Artificial Neural Network for flood problems

Immunology of the Outer Membrane Proteins of Pasteurella Haemolytica A2, A7 and A9 in Sheep

Pneumonic pasteurellosis is a common respiratory disease of goats and sheep throughout the world, including Malaysia. In Malaysia, Pasteurella haemolytica A2 is most commonly isolated from cases of pneumonic pasteurellosis in sheep and goats followed by Pasteurella haemolytica A7 and A9. Vaccination has been used widely to control the disease with uncertain success rate. The reasons for vaccination failure in the field were due to incompatible strains, unsuitable antigen as vaccine component and improper vaccination programme. Therefore, the attentions have been focused on the concept of a novel vaccine, which includes subunit vaccine. The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Pasteurella haemolytica A2, A7 and A9 have been extracted using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SOS-PAGE). Each serotype gave two to three major polypeptide bands with some minor bands. Immunoblotting, carried out using homologous and heterologous antisera against the OMPs from all serotypes. The results showed that the 30 kDa band of Pasteurella haemolytica A7 could be recognised by all antisera, and was thus concluded as the major and common immunogen. The in vivo tests using the OMPs of the three serotypes revealed that sheep injected with the 100/lg OMP followed by a booster dose on day 21 showed highest antibody level on day 28 post-injection. Animals vaccinated with the OMP of Pasteurella haemolytica A7 showed good immune response upon challenge with significantly (p<0.05) less severe lung lesions regardless whether challenged with Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A2, A7 or A9. Those animals vaccinated with the OMP of Pasteurella haemolytica A2 failed to protect against challenge with live Pasteurella haemolytica A9 while those vaccinated with the OMP of Pasteurella haemolytica A9 failed to protect against challenge with live Pasteurella haemolytiva A2 and A7. It is concluded that the OMP of Pasteurella haemolytica A7 provides cross-protection to challenges uSing live Pasteurella haemolytica A2, A7 and A9. Thus, the OMP of Pasteurella haemolytica A7, particularly the 30 kDa, could be the best candidate for a subunit vaccine against pneumonic pasteurellosis in sheep

Design of Experiment (Doe) Study Of Hydroxyapatite (Ha) For Load Bearing Application Via 2k Factorial Design.

Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan biokomposit hidroksiapatit (HA)/alumina (Al2O3) dengan menggunakan kaedah percampuran kering bagi mengkaji faktor eksperimen dan kesannya (kesan utama dan kesan interaksi) terhadap sifat akhir biokomposit (kekerasan, ketumpatan dan keliangan). Kesan-kesan ini diukur menggunakan rekabentuk eksperimen (DOE) bagi membentuk model matematik. Kajian ini merangkumi dua bahagian di mana bahagian I adalah berkaitan dengan cara-cara penyediaan sampel yang bermula dengan pencirian sifat fizikal, struktur (fasa) dan sifat kimia bagi bahan mentah. Prosedur ini diikuti dengan fabrikasi biokomposit HA/Al2O3 berdasarkan parameter yang berbeza (suhu pensinteran ;1100 ºC dan 1250 ºC, masa pencampuran ; 3 jam dan 9 jam dan komposisi Al2O3; 0wt% dan 30 wt%). Eksperimen ini dijalankan mengikut turutan yang dicadangkan oleh perisian DOE (Minitab 16) semasa proses perawakan. Setelah itu, sifat fizikal dicirikan melalui ujian ketumpatan dan keliangan manakala morfologi sampel dilihat dengan menggunakan mikroskop imbasan elektron (SEM). Bagi analisis fasa,sampel dicirikan menggunakan analisis pembelauan sinaran-X (XRD) dan ujian kekerasan Vickers digunakan untuk mengkaji kekerasan sampel. Dalam bahagian II, kaedah DOE faktoran dua aras (2k) digunakan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang memberi kesan dalam proses penghasilan biokomposit HA/Al2O3 berkekuatan tinggi. Faktor-faktor ini dianalisis dan faktor yang memberi kesan besar ditentukan menerusi model regresi dan analisis variasi (ANOVA). Model disahkan menerusi ANOVA bagi mengkaji kepadanan antara model dan data yang diperoleh secara eksperimen. Seterusnya, ralat eksperimen dan interaksi antara parameter dikaji untuk mengenalpasti perbezaan antara nilai data ramalan dan data eksperimen. Keputusan menunjukkan komposisi Al2O3 dan suhu pensinteran telah memberi kesan yang besar ke atas respon manakala masa pencampuran tidak memberikan sebarang pengaruh. Untuk respon kekerasan, analisis telah menunjukkan bahawa untuk mendapatkan kekerasan yang tinggi, suhu pensinteran haruslah ditetapkan di atas suhu 1240 ºC dan komposisi Al2O3 haruslah berada di bawah 3 wt%. Syarat yang sama juga diperlukan bagi respon keliangan di mana suhu pensinteran haruslah ditingkatkan melebihi 1188 oC dan komposisi Al2O3 haruslah berada di bawah 7 wt% untuk mendapatkan keliangan antara 5-10 %. Bagi respon ketumpatan, ketumpatan yang hampir menyamai ketumpatan tulang manusia (lelaki : 3.88 g/cm3 ; wanita : 2.90 g/cm3) boleh diperolehi dengan menetapkan suhu pensinteran masing-masing pada 1180 oC ke atas dan komposisi Al2O3 dibawah 30 wt% atau suhu pensinteran pada 1200 oC ke atas dan komposisi Al2O3 melebihi 10 wt%. . Secara keseluruhan, parameter yang memberi kesan besar terhadap respon-respon adalah komposisi Al2O3 dan suhu pensinteran. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ The present study aims to fabricate hydroxyapatite (HA)/alumina (Al2O3) biocomposite via dry mixing process, in order to evaluate the experimental factors and their effects (main effects and interaction effects) on the response or final biocomposite characteristics (hardness, density, and porosity). These effects were quantified using Design of Experiments (DOE) to develop mathematical models. This study covered two parts where the part I deals with the sample preparation procedures which was started with the characterization of raw materials in term of physical, structural (phases) and chemical properties. This procedure was followed by the fabrication of HA/Al2O3 biocomposite with different parameter setting (sintering temperature; 1100 ºC and 1250 ºC, mixing time; 3 hours and 9 hours and Al2O3 composition; 0wt% and 30 wt%). The experiment was run by following the run order suggested by DOE software (Minitab 16) through randomization stage. Next, the physical properties was characterized using density and porosity testing while the morphology of the sample was studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). For phase analysis, the sample was characterized through X-ray Diffraction analysis and Vickers hardness testing was employed to study its hardness. In part II, two-level (2k) factorial method of DOE was employed to determine the suitable or significant factors in producing high strength HA/Al2O3 biocomposite. The experimental factors were analyzed and the significant factors were determined through regression model and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The model was then validated through ANOVA in order to study how fit is the model with the experimentally obtained data. Experimental errors and interactions between factors were investigated to verify the significant between predicted and experimental data. Results shows that Al2O3 composition and sintering temperature has given a significant effects on the responses while mixing time has given no influence. For hardness response, it shows that, in order to obtained a high hardness, the sintering temperature must be set above 1240 ºC with Al2O3 composition lower than 3 wt%. The same requirement goes to porosity response where sintering temperature must be above 1188 oC with Al2O3 composition below 7 wt% in order to obtained 5-10 % porosity. For density response, acceptable density that mimicking the natural dense male and female bone density (3.88 g/cm3 for male; 2.90 g/cm3 for female) can be obtained by setting the sintering temperature above 1180 oC and Al2O3 composition below 30 wt% or sintering temperature above 1200 oC and Al2O3 composition above 10wt % respectively. The most significant parameters that effecting all the response are Al2O3 composition and sintering temperatur

Identification of vibrio species isolated from marine fish using polymerase chain reaction

Vibrio species are found in marine and estuarine environments. Vibriosis can cause more than 50% mortality in fish culture facilities once an outbreak is in progress. The objectives of this study were to subculture and identify Vibrio spp. that were isolated previously from marine fish; to develop a technique for simultaneous identification of several Vibrio spp. (V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. fluvialis and V. vulnificus) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR); and to compare the rapid identification kit and PCRtechniques commonly used for the identification of the Vibrio spp. In this study, 20 isolates from four Vibrio species, which consisted of five eachof V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. fluvialis and V. vulnificus isolates were provided by National Fish Health Research Centre (NaFisH). The species of Vibrio were identified using an identification kit, API 20E system. These organisms were isolated from various marine fish such as Asian Seabass (Latescalcarifer), Grouper (Epinepheluscoioides), Silver Pomfret (Pampusargenteus) and Red Snapper (Lutjanuscampechanus). The isolates were previously stored at -80°C and subcultured onto TSA+. The pure cultures were then transferred to TSB+. These isolates were subjected to DNA extraction. Once the DNA is ready, PCR was used to optimise the products with the designated primers. All the PCR products were electrophoresed through 1% agarose gel for 1 h. The designated primers in this study were found suitable for the detection of V. alginolyticus,V. parahaemolyticus,V. fluvialis and V. vulnificus.Using the API 20E system, 15% (3/20) isolatesof Vibrio spp. were negative, indicating the the PCR technique is still required to confirm the result obtained by the use of the API 20E system

Primary transmissible venereal tumour in the nasal cavity of two dogs

Transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) is a common tumour affecting dogs especially strays. Usually, the external genitalia is most frequently affected. Although there are reports of extra-genitalia TVT (usually secondary), incidence in the nasal cavity as a primary tumour is extremely rare. This paper describes the presence of primary TVT in the nasal cavity of two dogs along with the postulated pathogenesis. It also warrants clinicians to consider this tumour as one of the differentials for prolonged nasal discharge and nasal neoplasm

Tinjauan Persepsi Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Untuk Tujuan Ibadah Sebagai Satu Keperluan Bagi Masyarakat Muslim Awam Di Malaysia (A Perception Survey On Arabic Language Learning For Worship Purpose As A Requirement For Public Muslim Society In Malaysia)

Bahasa Arab merupakan satu bahasa yang mempunyai kedudukan istimewa dalam Islam. Ia dipilih untuk menjadi bahasa pengantara bagi membawa mesej Islam. AlQuran dan hadis yang merupakan panduan utama umat Islam disampaikan kepada mereka dalam bahasa Arab. Selain itu, kesemua amal ibadah umat Islam tidak terlepas daripada penggunaan bahasa Arab, malah menjadi syarat sesuatu ibadah itu diterima oleh Allah SWT khususnya yang melibatkan ibadah seperti solat dan haji. Hal ini menjadikan bahasa Arab amat sinonim dengan Islam dan umatnya. Kepentingan bahasa ini dalam kehidupan setiap muslim menjelaskan keperluan untuk mempelajari dan menguasai bahasa Arab. Selain itu, kepelbagaian bangsa dan bahasa umat Islam di seluruh dunia menjadi asas utama perlunya usaha mempelajari bahasa Arab khususnya bagi tujuan ibadah. Oleh itu, dapat difahami bahawa pembelajaran bahasa Arab oleh setiap individu muslim bukan merupakan satu pilihan tetapi satu keperluan. Artikel ini dihasilkan dengan tujuan untuk meninjau persepsi berkaitan pembelajaran bahasa Arab dalam kalangan masyarakat muslim awam di Malaysia. Kajian dijalankan melalui soal selidik yang dimuat naik dalam laman sosial Facebook® melibatkan sejumlah 616 responden di seluruh Malaysia. Sasaran utama bagi kajian ini ialah masyarakat muslim awam daripada pelbagai latar belakang pendidikan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan majoriti masyarakat awam mengiktiraf kepentingan pembelajaran bahasa Arab bagi masyarakat muslim khususnya bagi memahami bacaan-bacaan asas dalam ibadah. Selain itu, pelbagai cadangan turut dikemukakan oleh responden bagi meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Berdasarkan dapatan daripada kajian ini, satu rumusan cadangan modul pembelajaran bahasa Arab untuk tujuan ibadah telah dicadangkan bagi membantu masyarakat awam mempelajari bahasa ini berdasarkan cadangan responden

Efficacy of feed-based adjuvant vaccine against Streptococcus agalactiae in Oreochromis spp. in Malaysia.

This study was conducted to determine the systemic, mucosal immunity and protective capacity of the feed-based adjuvant vaccine (FAV) of Streptococcus agalactiae following oral vaccination against streptococcosis in tilapias. Two hundred and sixteen red tilapia fish were divided into three major groups. Each major group consisted eight tilapia kept in nine 2000 L glass aquaria. At day 0, all fish from the FAV group were fed with feed that had been incorporated with an adjuvant, while fish in the feed-based vaccine (FNV) group were fed with vaccine incorporated into the pellet without adjuvant. Fish in the control-unvaccinated group, FC, were fed with normal commercial pellet. Booster dose was performed on day 14 post immunization. Fish from each group were sacrificed on a weekly basis for the entire 7 weeks. Serum, body mucus and gut lavage fluid were evaluated for antibody responses by indirect ELISA, while histological examination was carried out on the gut following intraperitoneal challenge. The FAV group had a significantly higher protection (P < 0.05) following challenge with 3.4 × 109 CFU mL−1 of live S. agalactiae than FNV group. This level of protection may be due to high antibody responses, increase in size of gut-associated lymphoid tissue and high number of lymphocytes in the FAV grou

Determination of LD50 for Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus infections in tilapia

One hundred and sixty fingerlings and 80 adult tilapias were experimentally infected with Streptococcus agalactiae and Stapylococcus aureus to determine their LDso. Four concentrations of Streptococcus agalactiae (109, 108,107, 106 CFU/mL) were used in this experimental infection. These tilapias were divided into 4 groups of 40 fingerlings and 20 adults per group. Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the fingerlings were exposed to 109, 10,107, 106 CFU/mL of S. agalactiae by immersion in 2 L inoculum solution for 20 min. Similarly, the adult groups were exposed to the same concentrations of S. agalactiae but by intraperitoneal injection at the rate of 1 mL of the inoculum per gram. Similar procedures were repeated using exposure to Staphylococcus aureus alone or a combination of S. agalactiae and S. aureus. All test groups were observed for signs of infections. On Day 7 post-infection (pi), all fish that were still alive were humanely killed. The LDso of the adult tilapia that were exposed to S. agalactiae, S. aureus or mixed infection was 2.3884 x 107,2.8151 X 108 , and 4.2409 x io', respectively. For the fingerling groups, the LDso for S. agalactiae, S. aureus, and mixed infection was 2.9242 x 1020,2.8665 x 1017 , and 4.9748 x IO!', respectively. Experimental infection in adults could be established within 12 h post-injection to 6.3 x 109 CFU per mL and 9.7 x 109 CFU per mL of S. agalactiae and S. aureus, respectively. For fingerlings, infection could be established within 72 h following bath immersion to 6.3 x 109 CFU per mL and 9.7 x 109 CFU per mL of S. agalactiae and S. aureus, respectively