The relationship of depression, distress tolerance and difficulty in emotional regulation with addiction to cell-phone use in students of Kashan University

Background: Cell phone plays an essential role in communications throughout the world. This question has been raised whether the over use of the cell-phone could lead to addiction. Addiction to cell phone use is characterized by the overuse and preoccupation with the mobile phone. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of depression, distress tolerance and difficulty in emotional regulation with addiction to cell-phone use in students of Kashan University. Materials and Methods: In this analytical-descriptive study, 200 students of Kashan University in the academic year 2016-2017 were selected by the cluster sampling method. The research tools included the cell-phone over-use scale (COS, 2007(, Beck depression inventory (BDI), difficulty in emotion regulation scale (DERS), and distress tolerance scale (DTS). Results: The results of the regression analysis showed that depression, distress tolerance and difficulty in emotional regulation explained more than 33 of the changes in addiction to cell-phone use. Also, there was a significant correlation between depression and addiction to cell-phone use (r=0.22, P<0.05). In addition, there was a significant correlation between distress tolerance (r=-0.47, P<0.05) and difficulty in emotion regulation (r=0.50, P<0.05) with cell-phone addiction in Kashan University students. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, addiction to cell-phone use can be predicted by three variables of depression, distress tolerance, and difficulty in emotion regulation. The difficulty in emotion regulation played a stronger role in this prediction

A randomized clinical trial of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic treatment of emotional and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: evaluating efficacy and mechanism of change

Abstract Objective The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy of Unified Protocol (UP) for transdiagnostic treatment of psychological problems, such as anxiety, depression, and stress, and treating the intensity of gastrointestinal symptoms in individuals with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Another aim of the study was to test whether emotion regulation mediates the effect of UP. Methods Among 91 patients diagnosed with IBS (using ROME III criteria), 64 patients were eligible to participate in the study based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. These patients were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 32) that participated in 12 weekly UP treatment sessions or to a wait-list control group (n = 32). All patients completed the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-42), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale (GSRS) pre- and post-intervention. The data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software. Results The results of intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis indicated a significant decrease in depression, anxiety, stress, and gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as significant improvements in emotion regulation scores in the intervention group post intervention. All results were significant at P < .001. Mediation analyses indicated that changes in emotion regulation mediated the effect of UP on changes in emotional and gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusion UP was effective and influential in emotion regulation among the intervention group and caused a decline in emotional and gastrointestinal symptoms. Hence, this intervention is promising, but larger RCTs are needed to more investigate its efficacy. Future studies could also examine the efficacy of the UP in other medical conditions with co-occurring psychological conditions. Keywords Anxiety Depression Stress Emotion Regulation Irritable Bowel Syndrome Transdiagnostic Treatment Unified Protocol Randomized Clinical Tria

The Effect of the Combined Chemical, Bio and Vermicomposting Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Vicia Faba L.

In order to evaluate the effect of combined of chemical, bio and vermicomposting fertilizers on faba bean yield in Gilan province, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in the city of Rasht in 2013. Treatments nitrogen fertilizer in three levels (zero, 50 and 100 kg per hectare), phosphorus fertilizer in three levels (zero, 50 and 100 kg per hectare), bio-fertilizer combination of Bacillus and Pseudomonas and without application of vermicomposting with two levels including Zero and 7 tons per hectare were considered for the study. The results showed that grain protein percentage was significantly affected by the interaction of nitrogen fertilizers × phosphor × vermicomposting× organic fertilizer and other traits affected by the interaction of biological nitrogen ×fertilizer × phosphorus and nitrogen. Means comparison showed that 100 kg of nitrogen per hectare, 100 kg phosphorus with the use of bio-fertilizer and vermicomposting increased grain yield and yield components. The  seed yield of 100 kg N ha interaction was the highest in 100 kg of phosphorus per hectare (6243 kg/h) and the lowest in control (507 kg/h). Also, in interaction at phosphorus fertilizer bio-fertilizer, the seed yield of 100 kg of phosphorus by using bio-fertilizer (5497 kg/h) was observed and the interaction N × vermicomposting was observed at the highest grain yield at 100 kg nitrogen by the use of vermicomposting (5455 kg/h). The highest amounts of protein in treatment were in 100 kg N, 100 kg of phosphorus fertilizer with organic fertilizer usage and application of vermicomposting 7 tons per hectare (31.43 percent). In general, the results can be expected that the use of bio-fertilizers and vermicomposting can provide part of the required plant food

The Effect of the Combined Chemical, Bio and Vermicomposting Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Vicia Faba L.

In order to evaluate the effect of combined of chemical, bio and vermicomposting fertilizers on faba bean yield in Gilan province, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in the city of Rasht in 2013. Treatments nitrogen fertilizer in three levels (zero, 50 and 100 kg per hectare), phosphorus fertilizer in three levels (zero, 50 and 100 kg per hectare), bio-fertilizer combination of Bacillus and Pseudomonas and without application of vermicomposting with two levels including Zero and 7 tons per hectare were considered for the study. The results showed that grain protein percentage was significantly affected by the interaction of nitrogen fertilizers × phosphor × vermicomposting× organic fertilizer and other traits affected by the interaction of biological nitrogen ×fertilizer × phosphorus and nitrogen. Means comparison showed that 100 kg of nitrogen per hectare, 100 kg phosphorus with the use of bio-fertilizer and vermicomposting increased grain yield and yield components. The  seed yield of 100 kg N ha interaction was the highest in 100 kg of phosphorus per hectare (6243 kg/h) and the lowest in control (507 kg/h). Also, in interaction at phosphorus fertilizer bio-fertilizer, the seed yield of 100 kg of phosphorus by using bio-fertilizer (5497 kg/h) was observed and the interaction N × vermicomposting was observed at the highest grain yield at 100 kg nitrogen by the use of vermicomposting (5455 kg/h). The highest amounts of protein in treatment were in 100 kg N, 100 kg of phosphorus fertilizer with organic fertilizer usage and application of vermicomposting 7 tons per hectare (31.43 percent). In general, the results can be expected that the use of bio-fertilizers and vermicomposting can provide part of the required plant food

Evaluation of Yield, Quantity and Quality Traits in intercropping of Peppermint (Mentha Piperita L.) and Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum - graceum L.) under Different Planting Dates

In order to investigate the effect of different planting dates on yield, quantity and quality traits in replacement intercropping system of peppermint and fenugreek, a field experiment was conducted as split-plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications, in University of Guilan, during growing season of 2015 - 2016. The experimental treatments were planting dates in three levels (October 2, February 29 and April 29) assigned to main plots and planting systems in five levels (sole cropping of peppermint, sole cropping of  fenugreek and replacement intercropping peppermint- fenugreek with ratios 1:1, 2:2 and 2:1 (two rows of fenugreek: one row of peppermint) as sub plot. The results showed that yield of both crops were higher in sole cropping in comparison intercropping systems. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) was obtained in 1:1 intercropping ratio. Grain yield of fenugreek in 29 February and 29 April in comparison to autumn planting date 23% and 47% were decreased respectively, and its biological yield 15% and 32% were declined. Also in these planting dates, peppermint leaf dry weight 48% and 57 % was decreased. The highest essential oil percent of both crops was achieved from planting date of February 29 and 1:1 intercropping ratio interaction. The highest essential oil yield of both crops was obtained from autumn planting date and their sole cropping. The planting dates had no significant effect on total chlorophyll of peppermint. In general, in this study, autumn planting date improved quantity and quality traits and intercropping advantages

Factor structure and reliability of the mindfulness attention awareness scale for adolescents and the relationship between mindfulness and anxiety in adolescents

Background: In recent years, application and practice of mindfulness-based interventions to reduce adolescent psychological problems are increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to design and study tools that measure mindfulness and its effects. Objectives: One of the available tools to measure mindfulness in adolescents is the mindfulness attention awareness scale for adolescents (MAAS-A). The current study aimed at examining the factor structure and reliability of a Persian version of this scale and investigating the relationship between mindfulness and anxiety. Methods: The current descriptive, cross sectional and psychometric study was conducted on 354 students from Kashan city, Iran, selected via the cluster sampling method in 2017. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) by the principle component analysis method, the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and the relationship between mindfulness and anxiety were conducted to examine the validity of the MAAS-A. To calculate the reliability of the MAAS-A, Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability (four-week interval) were employed. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 19.0 and AMOS-22. Results: The results of the EFA suggested two factors for this scale labeled as �acting with attention and awareness� and �attention to the present moment�. The CFA confirmed the two-factor model of the 14-item scale (the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) 90 confidence interval (CI) = 0.001 - 0.06). The reliability of this scale was good (α = 0.81, retest reliability = 0.86) and the correlation between mindfulness and anxiety was negative and significant (r = -0.43, P < 0.01). Also, this relationship was significant in females (r = -0.44, P < 0.01) and males (r = -0.46, P < 0.01). Conclusions: According to the results of the current study, the MAAS-A was a reliable and valuable scale to measure the mindfulness of adolescents. The results of correlation between mindfulness and anxiety meant that by increasing mindfulness, the anxiety reduced in adolescents. ©2018, Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Licens

Psychometric properties of the persian version of the avoidance and fusion questionnaire for youth

Background and purpose: Avoidance and cognitive fusion are two components of psychological inflexibility and are the main concepts of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y8). Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 300 students in Kashan, Iran who were selected by cluster sampling. The Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y8) and the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) were administered to collect the data. The factor structure of the questionnaire was evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Also, the convergent validity with RCMAS, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of this questionnaire were examined. Results: Exploratory factor analysis indicated one factor called psychological inflexibility. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the one factor model of the questionnaire (RMSEA 90 CI =0.00-0.07). Also, the convergent validity with RCMAS was found to be good (r = 0.60, p<0.001) and the internal consistency and test-retest reliability (4 weeks interval) were 0.71 and 0.65, respectively. Conclusion: AFQ-Y8 is an appropriate tool with acceptable psychometric properties to measure the psychological inflexibility of adolescents in Iran. © 2018, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidases and Peroxidase Activities in Green Table Olives by some Anti-browning Agents

Almost, all table olive cultivars are susceptible to the formation of brown spots due to mechanical damage during harvesting and processing. Therefore, application of some anti-browning agents might be an effective strategy to minimize unfavourable effects of enzymatic browning in green table olives. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ascorbic acid (AA), citric acid (CA), oxalic acid (OA), 4-hexylresorcinol (HR) and sodium hexametaphosphate (NaHMP) on reducing enzymatic browning of four green table olive cultivars (\u27Mari\u27, \u27Shengeh\u27, \u27Manzanilla\u27 and \u27Zard\u27) fruit. The results showed that \u27Mari\u27 and ’Shengeh’ potentially had the highest browning index. AA could reduce peroxidase (POD) activity just in \u27Mari\u27, but NaHMP could beneficially suppress its activity in both cvs. \u27Manzanilla\u27 and \u27Mari\u27. In general, the monophenolase activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was significantly higher than its diphenolase activity in all studied cultivars. The highest inhibitory effect on monophenolase activity was found in \u27Manzanilla\u27 fruit by CA and OA, while HR and NaHMP could suppress monophenolase activity of \u27Mari\u27 fruits. Diphenolase activity of PPO with pyrocatechol and dopamine HCl substrates was also dependent on olive cultivars. The minimum diphenolase activity of PPO for both substrates was found in \u27Zard\u27 fruit with the lowest browning index. The inhibitory effect of anti-browning agents on reducing diphenolase activity of PPO with dopamine hydrocholoride (DPOA) substrates was cultivar-dependend. Total phenolic content of treated fruits was higher than control. Overall, this result confirms that the potency of anti-browning agents on suppressing POD and PPOs enzymes that are involved in fruits browning was completely cultivar-dependend

Psychometric properties of the child and adolescent mindfulness measure: A psychological measure of mindfulness in youth

Background: Although there are a number of acceptable means of measuring mindfulness for adults, this is not the case with the child and adolescent population. A requirement, therefore, is to establish and evaluate the child and adolescent mindfulness tools, such as the child and adolescent mindfulness measure (CAMM). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of a Persian version of the CAMM. Methods: This descriptive research involved a sample of 620 students aged 12 to 18 years in Kashan who were selected via cluster sampling in 2017. The participants completed the Persian CAMM, the eight-item Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQY8), the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale for Adolescents (MAAS-A), the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). The factor structure of the Persian CAMM was evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses by separate samples. Test-retest reliability (with four-week interval and 50 participants), internal consistency, and convergent and divergent validities were also determined. Results: The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed that the one-factor (original) model of the CAMM did not meet the goodness of fit indexes. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA, n = 300) indicated that the Persian CAMM had a two-factor structure and the CFA verified the acceptable fit of the two-factor scale. The instrument also exhibited good reliability (α =0.73). The correlation between CAMM and anxiety, depression, and psychological inflexibility was negative, whereas its correlation with the MAAS-A was positive (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the Persian CAMM is an appropriate tool with acceptable psychometric properties for measuring adolescent mindfulness. Mindfulness can be considered an important protective construct in the mental health of children and adolescents. Copyright © 2020, Author(s)

Investigation Sleep Quality and Its Effective Factors in Shahroud Firefighters

Background: Physical and mental health are significantly related to adequate sleep and sleep satisfaction. Sleeping disorder is one of the most severe occupational risks for modern firefighting services. Thus, the current study was conducted to evaluate sleep quality and its effective factors in firefighters‏. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out among all firefighters in Shahroud, Iran, in 2017. All data were collected by a two-part questionnaire containing demographic information and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), which was completed while interviewing the participants. Finally, data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: PSQI was obtained as 7.65±2.98, which classified into "Low Quality." Sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep disturbances and day-time dysfunction had a significant relationship with sleep quality (P&lt;0.05). Moreover, the results demonstrated that PSQL score had a strong relationship with age and BMI (F-model= 21.78 and P&lt;0.001 and r=0.701). Conclusions: Results of this study showed that firefighters have not adequate sleep quality. It is suggested to participate young people in missions since their sleep quality was better. Also, weight loss is suggested for overweight people in order to improve their sleep quality‏