Effect of Breed Group and Mating System on Weaning Production in Beef Cattle

Straightbred Hereford, Angus-Hereford and Simmental-Hereford are popular cow breeds in South Dakota. Larger and/or higher milking crossbreds can be expected to require more energy input to support higher maintenance and lactation requirements. Realizing this, comparisons between breed groups and mating systems under realistic conditions are of interest to producers. This study was designed to evaluate how straightbred Herefords along with Simmental-Hereford and Angus-Hereford two-breed rotations perform under western South Dakota range conditions. All cattle were maintained at the Antelope Range Livestock Station near Buffalo, South Dakota, throughout the study

Post-High-school Educational Status of South Dakota High-school Graduates, 1948-49

What happens to our high-school graduates educationally, and how well are the needs of the 1948-49 high-school graduates being met should be of special interest to college administrators, teachers and public school personnel, and of general interest to the public. This study provides certain fundamental information upon which judgments can be based but does not profess to give the solution or answer to how certain problems are being met. That which constitutes an adequate program of higher education varies according to different viewpoints and philosophies. If one takes the position that all students with better than average scholastic aptitude should attend college, it is evident that the present South Dakota situation is inadequate. If all students of a given ability or aptitude should have equality of opportunity to attend college, regardless of their place of residence ( urban, small town and rural), again the present South Dakota situation is inadequate. The problem, stated specifically, is to investigate the post-high-school educational activities of South Dakota high school graduates of the school year 1948-49 with reference to: a. Size of school from which the student was graduated. b. Comparison of college-town end non-college town institutions. c. Place of residence (urban, small town and rural) as a factor in attendance of high-school graduates at post-high school educational institutions. d. Sex as a factor in attendance of high-school graduates at post-high-school educational institutions. e. College aptitude as measured by the 1946 American Council on Educational Psychological Examination, administered during the school year 1948-49 in relation to attendance at post-high school institutions

Reading and Math Outcomes for Incarcerated Youth with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Helping youths acquire educational skills is one of the most effective approaches to the prevention of delinquency and reduction of recidivism. Access to a high-quality education is particularly important for the growing number of youth committed to juvenile corrections, especially for those who have been diagnosed with a disability. Research has shown a tremendous gap about the academic outcomes of incarcerated juveniles with emotional disabilities. Thus, the focus of this study was to examine the academic outcomes in reading and math for youth with emotional/behavioral disorders (E/BD) released from Texas Youth Commission (TYC) programs between September 2003 and September 2004. The study examined if the rate of academic growth in reading and math as indicated by pre- and post-test scores on the Test of Adult Basic Education (TABE), are different for youth with E/B as compared to youth with other disabilities and youth without disabilities who were adjudicated in TYC programs

The Effects of Biological Type and Breed Composition on Production in Beef Cattle

Evaluation of breeds has developed beyond simple phenotypic performance comparisons to estimation of the various genetic components, additive and nonadditive, contributed by a breed (Dickerson ,1969). Alenda et al.; Dillard et al. and Robison et al. demonstrated methods for estimating breed genetic and maternal effects in crossbred populations. Alenda and Martin extended the use of regression models to allow estimation of optimal breed combinations. This procedure, based on work by Dickerson, involves construction of a mathematical model describing performance for a trait as the sum of breed additive, breed heterotic, breed maternal and maternal heterotic effects. Crossbreeding results have been extensively reviewed by Cundiff. In his Long and Gregory review, Long and Cundiff categorized crossbreeding research as dealing with average heterosis, reciprocal differences and maximum breed differences. The objectives of the present study were 1) to evaluate preweaning performance under western South Dakota native range conditions of different cow biological types and their breed composition, as represented by straightbred Hereford (HH), Angus-Hereford cross (AH) and Simmental Hereford cross (SH) cows, and 2) to evaluate postweaning and slaughter performance of steer calves from the three cow groups. Hereford, Angus and Simmental represent beef breeds with the largest populations in the U.S. (Lawlor et al.,1984) and are also diverse biological types. Biological type commonly refers to differences in cow physiology as measured by body size and level of milk production. The. HH cow is generally characterized as medium in size with moderate milk production. Angus-Hereford cross cows are also medium in size with moderate milk production. Simmental-Hereford cows are generally large in size with a high level of milk production

Characterization of Hereford and Two-Breed Rotational Crosses of Hereford With Angus and Simmental Cattle: Carcass Traits of Steers

Calf carcass traits were evaluated for Simmental (S) x Hereford (H) and Angus (A) x H cross cows in two-breed rotations and for straightbred H. Data were grouped into seven dam breed categories: straightbred Hereford (H), F1 S x H cows (SH), S x H cows of low percentage H (SHS), S x H cows of high percentage H (HSH), F1 A x H cows (AH), A x H cows of low percentage H (AHA) and A x H cows of high percentage H (HAH). Straightbred H and crossbred SH, AH, SHS and AHA cows were mated to H bulls, HSH cows were mated to S bulls and HAH cows were mated to A bulls. Calves from S x H dams produced heavier carcasses with less fat, lower quality grade, larger longissimus area and increased estimated cutability compared to calves from H or A x H dams. Some significant intergenerational differences were observed within rotations, particularly within S x H. Calves from HSH cows mated to S bulls produced carcasses with less fat cover, lower quality grade, larger longissimus muscle area and higher estimated cutability compared to calves from SHS dams mated to H bulls. Within both rotations, evaluation of carcass weight per day of age indicated lower postweaning rate of gain for generations in which H was the sire breed. A separate analysis evaluated carcass traits of calves from SHS, HSH, AHA and HAH dam breed groups from the last 3 years of the study when calves were fed under two different postweaning management systems. With Management System One, the concentrate to roughage ratio was increased less rapidly and calves averaged 122 days older at slaughter and carcass weights averaged 128 Ib heavier compared to calves fed under Management System Two. The breed group x postweaning management system interaction effect approached significance only for marbling score, estimated cutability and kidney, pelvic and heart fat

Characterization of Hereford and Two-Breed Rotational Crosses of Hereford With Angus and Simmental Cattle: Calf Production Through Weaning

Cow size, reproductive traits and calf performance through weaning were evaluated in a range environment for Simmental (S) x Hereford (H) and Angus (A) x H crosses in two-breed rotations and straightbred H. Data were grouped into seven dam breed categories: straightbred Hereford (H), crossbred F1 S x H cows (SH), S x H cows of low percentage H (SHS), S x H cows of high percentage H (HSH), F1 A x H cows (AH), A x H cows of low percentage H (AHA) and A x H cows of high percentage H (HAH). Hereford, SH, AH, SHS and AHA cows were mated to H bulls, HSH cows were mated to S bulls and HAH cows were mated to A bulls. Simmental-cross cows were heavier and taller and produced heavier calves at birth and weaning than A-cross or H cows. Pregnancy rate, calf preweaning survival rate, calf birth date and percentage of difficult births did not vary significantly among dam breed groups. Within the A x H and S x H rotations, dam breed group rankings for calf birth weight were inverse to rankings for proportion of H in the breed makeup of the calf. However, in comparisons of SHS vs HSH and AHA vs HAH dam breed groups, calf average daily gain to weaning averaged higher in matings where H was the sire breed (dams were of lower percentage H). Evaluation of different breed groups within the two-breed rotational crossbreeding systems suggested acceptable compatibility of both S with H and A with H in rotational breeding systems with regard to mature size and calving difficulty

OR modeling of a conceptual system of systems for maritime littoral dominance in 2020

This study focuses on Operations Research (OR) modeling and analysis conducted in support of a campus-wide integrated project for developing a conceptual system of systems to establish maritime dominance in the year 2020. The study features models supporting unmanned system communications, detection, and sensor fusion designs to support this mission. The paper discusses problem definition, solution methodologies-including optimization, simulation, and analytical modeling-and insights.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited