Evaluation of Cross-Border Leakages in Community Support Frameworks. The case of Andalusia (Spain).

The enlargement of the European Union to 25 members implies that relative position of Andalusia will improve with regard to the new GDP per capita average. This fact may derive a reduction in structural funds support for this Spanish region objective 1. This paper is focused in the ex-post assessment of the CSF 1994–99 in Andalusia. Direct and indirect effects, as well as cross-border leakage are analysed. We aim to compare stimuli induced from structural funds in the rest of the national economy with those remaining in Andalusia. If effects on the rest of Spain were important in relative terms, the central idea of regional policy, which defines community convergence tools, would be questioned. Results show evidences for this hypothesis in the case of Andalusia, given the importance of the effects generated in the rest of Spain and the biases of CSF funds towards sectors with a high need for imports, some of which are characterized by an intensive use of the region’s natural resources. Key Words: Structural Funds; Ex-post Evaluation; Convergence; Input-Output; Cross-border leakages. JEL classification: C67; C82; R58

Evaluation of Cross-Border Leakages in Community Support Frameworks. The case of Andalusia (Spain).

The enlargement of the European Union to 25 members implies that relative position of Andalusia will improve with regard to the new GDP per capita average. This fact may derive a reduction in structural funds support for this Spanish region objective 1. This paper is focused in the ex-post assessment of the CSF 1994–99 in Andalusia. Direct and indirect effects, as well as cross-border leakage are analysed. We aim to compare stimuli induced from structural funds in the rest of the national economy with those remaining in Andalusia. If effects on the rest of Spain were important in relative terms, the central idea of regional policy, which defines community convergence tools, would be questioned. Results show evidences for this hypothesis in the case of Andalusia, given the importance of the effects generated in the rest of Spain and the biases of CSF funds towards sectors with a high need for imports, some of which are characterized by an intensive use of the region’s natural resources. Key Words: Structural Funds; Ex-post Evaluation; Convergence; Input-Output; Cross-border leakages. JEL classification: C67; C82; R5

IDENTIFICACIÓN DE SECTORES CLAVE MEDIANTE ANÁLISIS DE CONGLOMERADOS DIFUSO. EL CASO DE ESPAÑA

La búsqueda de los sectores clave de una economía ha sido y es uno de los temas más recurrentes del análisis input-output. Además de su liderazgo para impulsar el desarrollo, concepto demasiado amplio e impreciso, un sector puede ser clave desde una determinada perspectiva y menos o nada importante desde alguna otra diferente. También, probablemente, puede serlo para varias cuestiones a la vez, en distinto grado. En este trabajo se propone un enfoque multidimensional para clasificar a los sectores productivos de la tabla input-output española de 1995, basándose en tres grupos de variables: las relacionadas con su integración productiva, su peso específico en la economía y su dinámica económica. Además, se incorpora al análisis el nivel tecnológico, que por ser variable categórica plantea problemas metodológicos especiales. Todas estas cuestiones se abordan aplicando un análisis cluster robusto y difuso que arroja como resultado una clasificación de sectores ilustrativa del papel que juega cada uno de ellos en la economía española.key sectors, fuzzy clustering, input-output analysis

EFECTOS ULTRA FRONTERA Y CONVERGENCIA REGIONAL. UNA REFLEXIÓN A PARTIR DEL MAC 94-99 EN ANDALUCÍA.

En este trabajo se evalúan los efectos ex-post del MAC 1994-1999 en Andalucía (España), los efectos directos e indirectos de las inversiones dentro de la región y los efectos fuga producidos hacia el resto del país (cross-border leakage). Utilizando un modelo multisectorial de dos regiones, la andaluza y el resto de España, se comparan los estímulos inducidos por los fondos estructurales en es resto de la economía nacional con los producidos en la economía andaluza. Los resultados muestran que, al menos a corto y medio plazo, los resultados sobre la convergencia real pueden ser poco o nada relevantes. Podría afirmarse que las regiones más desarrolladas del país han sido grandes beneficiarias indirectas de los fondos destinados a las regiones de objetivo 1.Structural Funds Evaluation; Regional Convergence; Cross- Border Leakages

Biomarkers predictive value for early diagnosis of Stroke- Associated Pneumonia.

To confirm the diagnostic accuracy of candidate biomarkers in stroke-associ- ated pneumonia (SAP), we prospectively enrolled ischemic stroke patients with NIHSS ≥ 10 on admission from March-2016 to August-2017. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 24 and 48 h after stroke onset. Biomarkers (MR- proADM, suPAR, SAA) were determined by immunoassays. Regarding biomarkers, MR-proADM at 24 h (P = 0.04) and both suPAR and SAA at 48 h (P = 0.036 and P = 0.057) were associated with pneumonia. The combination of SAA > 25.15 mg/dL and suPAR> 3.14 ng/mL at 48 h had 80% sensitivity and 95.8% specificity when both biomarkers were above the cut-off. The evalu- ated biomarkers represent promising tools to be evaluated in future large, prospective studies on SAP. An accurate SAP diagnosis by thorax CT might help to reduce variability in such studies

REDPETUR: collaborative experience

REDPETUR is a competency-based teaching network in the field of internships in tourism studies. Its goal is to successfully address the role of these studies in society and optimize the public resources used. This Network has carried out a series of activities, thanks to the financing of the Integral Teaching Plan of the University of Malaga, which have contributed to the adaptation of training in pandemic times using information technologies (IT) such as Virtual Campus and Icaro platform (an ecosystem which connects companies, students and teachers). In addition, from a Delphi analysis this network has set the foundations for collaboration between tourism faculties sharing generated content to ensure their students gain practical experience to complete their education.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

A Fuzzy Clustering Approach to the Key Sectors of the Spanish Economy.

La búsqueda de los sectores clave de una economía ha sido y es uno de los temas más recurrentes del análisis input-output. Además de su liderazgo para impulsar el desarrollo, concepto demasiado amplio e impreciso, un sector puede ser clave desde una determinada perspectiva y menos o nada importante desde alguna otra diferente. También, probablemente, puede serlo para varias cuestiones a la vez, en distinto grado. Por tanto, se necesita realizar una aproximación de análisis de conglomerados difuso. En este trabajo se propone un enfoque multidimensional para clasificar a los sectores productivos de la tabla input-output española de 1995, basándose en tres grupos de variables: las relacionadas con su integración productiva, su peso específico en la economía y su dinámica económica. Además, se incorpora al análisis el nivel tecnológico, que por ser variable categórica plantea problemas metodológicos especiales. Todas estas cuestiones se abordan aplicando un análisis clúster robusto y difuso que arroja como resultado una clasificación de sectores ilustrativa del papel que juega cada uno de ellos en la economía española

Switching energy suppliers: it’s not all about the money

Many consumers do not take advantage of lower energy prices available in liberalized retail markets. We provide evidence to explain why consumers may leave substantial amounts of “money on the table” in this way. We observe real decisions made by over 7,000 consumers in a collective switching auction, supplemented by their responses to a survey. We identify factors which may inhibit switching and show that expectations of high switching rates in an unregulated market may be unrealistic. Our findings have important implications for the design and regulation of energy markets, including imposition of price caps on “default” retail tariffs in 2019 in the UK and parts of Australia

Allogeneic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in ischaemic stroke (AMASCIS-02): A phase IIb, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial protocol

Introduction Stroke is a serious public health problem, given it is a major cause of disability worldwide despite the spread of recanalisation therapies. Enhancement of brain plasticity with stem cell administration is a promising innovative therapy to reduce sequelae in these patients. Methods and analysis We have developed a phase IIb, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial protocol to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous administration of allogeneic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) in patients with acute ischaemic stroke, concurrently with conventional stroke treatment. Thirty patients will be randomised on a 1:1 basis to receive either intravenous placebo or allogeneic AD-MSCs as soon as possible within the first 4 days from stroke symptom onset. Patients will be followed up to 24 months after randomisation. The primary objective is the safety assessment of early intravenous administration of allogeneic AD-MSCs by reporting all adverse events and neurological or systemic complications in both treatment groups. Secondary objectives assess efficacy of early intravenous AD-MSC treatment in acute ischaemic stroke by evaluating changes in the modified Rankin Scale and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale throughout the follow-up period. In addition, brain repair biomarkers will be measured at various visits. Ethics and dissemination This clinical trial has been approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of La Paz University Hospital (Madrid, Spain) and by the Spanish Agency of Medication and Health Products and has been registered in Eudra CT (2019-001724-35) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04280003). Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications in Open Access format and at conference presentationsThis clinical trial has been promoted by the La Paz University Hospital Institute for Health Research—IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) and sponsored from a competitive grant from the Carlos III Health Institute Healthcare Research Fund, and cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) 'A way to make Europe'/'Investing in your future' (PIC18/00016). This clinical trial has been supported by Plataforma Española de Investigación Clínica y Ensayos Clínicos, SCReN (Spanish Clinical Research Network), funded by Carlos III Health Institute-General Subdirection for Evaluation and Promotion of Research, research PT17/0017/0013; State Plan for Scientific Investigation, Technology and Innovation (2017–2020) and cofunded by European Regional Development Fund/European Social fund 'A way to make Europe'/'Investing in your future' (grant ID PT17/0017/0013

El nuevo marco input-output y la SAM de Andalucía para 1995

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una Matriz de Contabilidad Social de la economía andaluza para el año 1995 (SAMAND-95), siguiendo la tendencia, desde hace unos años, de regionalización de este tipo de análisis. Se utilizan los datos disponibles de Contabilidad Regional y del reciente Marco Input-Output de Andalucía para el año 1995 (MIOAN95) y se presentan los flujos entre los distintos agentes de la economía (25 productores, un sector representativo de los consumidores y las empresas, la Administración Pública y un sector exterior). Se trata de una versión reducida, dejando para futuros trabajos de investigación la desagregación de algunas de las cuentas y teniendo como objetivo final construir un modelo computable de equilibrio general aplicado (MEGA) para la región