Equation-Free Multiscale Computational Analysis of Individual-Based Epidemic Dynamics on Networks

The surveillance, analysis and ultimately the efficient long-term prediction and control of epidemic dynamics appear to be one of the major challenges nowadays. Detailed atomistic mathematical models play an important role towards this aim. In this work it is shown how one can exploit the Equation Free approach and optimization methods such as Simulated Annealing to bridge detailed individual-based epidemic simulation with coarse-grained, systems-level, analysis. The methodology provides a systematic approach for analyzing the parametric behavior of complex/ multi-scale epidemic simulators much more efficiently than simply simulating forward in time. It is shown how steady state and (if required) time-dependent computations, stability computations, as well as continuation and numerical bifurcation analysis can be performed in a straightforward manner. The approach is illustrated through a simple individual-based epidemic model deploying on a random regular connected graph. Using the individual-based microscopic simulator as a black box coarse-grained timestepper and with the aid of Simulated Annealing I compute the coarse-grained equilibrium bifurcation diagram and analyze the stability of the stationary states sidestepping the necessity of obtaining explicit closures at the macroscopic level under a pairwise representation perspective

PERCEPÇÃO DOS ASSOCIADOS EM RELAÇÃO AOS SERVIÇOS PRESTADOS POR UM SINDICATO: Um estudo de caso no Sindilojas Gravataí

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a percepção dos associados Sindilojas Gravataí com relação aos serviços prestados pelo sindicato. Em um primeiro momento, utilizou-se de pesquisa exploratória e bibliográfica de natureza qualitativa, ao passo em que, em segunda instância, a pesquisa teve caráter descritivo e natureza quantitativa. Para a colaboração da pesquisa, foi realizado um levantamento dos serviços oferecidos por diferentes Sindilojas do RS e comparado com os serviços existentes no Sindilojas Gravataí, através de questionário qualitativo. No estágio quantitativo, foi definida uma amostra não probabilística de 80 empresas associadas, determinada por conveniência, realizada por meio de um questionário semiestruturado. Obteve-se como resultado a identificação da percepção, onde é percebida a satisfação do associado, uma vez que a média geral atribuída aos serviços foi de 8,53 e os índices positivos variaram entre 70% e 95%, enquanto que os negativos atingiram no máximo 7,5%

Composição centesimal, perdas de peso e maciez de lombo (longissimus dorsi) suíno submetido a diferentes tratamentos de congelamento e descongelamento Proximate analysis, weight losses and tenderness of pork loin (longissimus dorsi) submitted to different freezing and thawing treatments

Foram avaliadas a composição centesimal, as perdas de peso e a maciez de porções de carne suína (Longissimus dorsi) grelhadas, submetidas a dois períodos de estocagem (15 e 60 dias) e descongeladas a 7ºC e 25ºC. Constatou-se que os bifes contendo teores mais elevados de umidade correspondem aos tratamentos com 15 dias de estocagem congelada e descongelamento a 7ºC (59,54%) e com 60 dias de estocagem congelada combinada com descongelamento a 25ºC (60,51%). Amostras armazenadas durante 60 dias apresentaram maior teor de minerais (5,58%) em relação àquelas estocadas por 15 dias (4,51%) (análise realizada em amostras grelhadas e pré-salgadas). Os teores de proteína e lipídios e a maciez não foram afetados por quaisquer dos procedimentos. A utilização de 25ºC para o descongelamento ocasionou maiores perdas de peso (40,19%) que 7ºC (33,17%). Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem a aplicação de períodos curtos de estocagem congelada e descongelamento sob resfriamento.<br>This paper evaluated the proximate analysis, the weight losses and the tenderness of grilled pork loin (Longissimus dorsi) chops, submitted to two periods of storage (15 and 60 days) and thawed at 7ºC or 25ºC. The higher contents of moisture were found in the pork loin samples kept frozen for 15 days and thawed at 7ºC (59.54%) and in the ones kept frozen for 60 days with thawing at 25ºC (60.51%). Samples stored for 60 days presented higher minerals contents (5.58%) in relation to those stored for 15 days (4.51%) (the analysis was carried out with grilled and pre-salted portions). The different treatments did not influence the lipids and protein contents and the tenderness of the pork loin chops. The use of 25ºC for the thawing caused greater weight losses (40.19%) than 7ºC (33.17%). The results of the present study suggest the application of short periods of frozen storage and thawing in the refrigerator

Comportamento alimentar do camarão de agua doce, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) (Crustacea, Palaemonidae) durante a fase larval: análise qualitativa Feeding behavior of the prawn, Macrobrachium rosenberch (De Man) (Crustácea, Palaemonidae), during the larval phase: qualitative analysis

<abstract language="eng">Feeding behavior of the larvae's prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii De Man, 1879, in each stage of development was studied face alArtemia Linnaeus, 1758 nauplii, dry and wet diets. Groups of ten larvae in each stage were placed in 500 ml beakers at 29ºC in filtered brackish water. After the fasting period of acclimatization, the three types of food were offered separately to the larvae and the feeding behavior was observed during 30 min. Feeding perception, capture, grasp and ingestion of food were used to determine feeding pattern. Stage I lawac do not eat. The feeding behavior of larvae was similar on the stages II - XI. The perception in distance does not occur in most individuais; the feeding process generally started with the physrcal contact of food with the animal. Food is captured by thoracic appendages (maxillipeds until stage III, and maxillipeds + pereopods in stages IV - XI) and particles are grasped and handled by maxillipeds. Inopposition at the capture, the ingestion is a seletive process. Selective responses decrease in later stages and larvae become omnivorous in greater degree

Compensating international mobility in a workers’ cooperative: An interpretive study

This study uses an interpretive research design to analyze how worker-members in cooperatives understand and handle the challenge of designing a compensation system for their international workforce. The empirical study, conducted in a cooperative belonging to the Mondragon Corporation, reveals how such a challenge is understood as one of finding a system that combines international business performance with the need to uphold and maintain the cooperative’s identity. Drawing on that understanding, the cooperative adopts a number of management decisions and criteria for the distribution of rewards and the justification of unequal working conditions among its international assignees that are very different to the mainstream ones in conventional firms. The study’s findings are an invitation to question many of the traditional theoretical assumptions and practices involved in global compensation, prompting the need to develop theories and research initiatives in this field that are more in keeping with the needs and characteristics of social enterprises.This work was supported by Spanish Ministry of Science [grant number ECO2015-68343-R]

HIV and Aging

HIV risk behaviors, susceptibility to HIV acquisition, progression of disease after infection, and response to antiretroviral therapy all vary by age. In those living with HIV, current effective treatment has increased the median life expectancy to &gt;70 years of age. Biologic, medical, individual, social, and societal issues change as one ages with HIV infection, but there has been only a small amount of research in this field. Therefore, the Office of AIDS Research of the National Institutes of Health commissioned a working group to develop an outline of the current state of knowledge and areas of critical need for research in HIV and Aging; the working groups' findings and recommendations are summarized in this report. Key overarching themes identified by the group included the following: multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and the need to emphasize maintenance of function; the complexity of assessing HIV versus treatment effects versus aging versus concurrent disease; the inter-related mechanisms of immune senescence, inflammation, and hypercoagulability; the utility of multivariable indices for predicting outcomes; a need to emphasize human studies to account for complexity; and a required focus on issues of community support, caregivers, and systems infrastructure. Critical resources are needed to enact this research agenda and include expanded review panel expertise in aging, functional measures, and multimorbidity, and facilitated use and continued funding to allow long-term follow-up of cohorts aging with HIV