On Dialetheic Entailment

The entailment connective is introduced by Priest (2006b). It aims to capture, in a dialetheically acceptable way, the informal notion of logical consequence. This connective does not “fall foul” of Curry’s Paradox by invalidating an inference rule called “Absorption” (or “Contraction”) and the classical logical theorem called “Assertion”. In this paper we show that the semantics of entailment, given by Priest in terms of possible worlds, is inadequate. In particular, we will argue that Priest’s counterexamples to Absorption and Assertion use in the metalanguage a dialetheically unacceptable principle. Furthermore, we show that the rejection of Assertion undermines Priest’s claim that the entailment connective expresses the notion of logical consequence

Occurrence of Gastroliths in _Baurusuchus_ (Baurusuchidae, Mesoeucrocodylia) from Adamantina Formation, Bauru Basin

The fossil record of Baurusuchidae Mesoeucrocodylia in the General Salgado county and its surroundings is one of the best regarding preservation, completeness and articulation of skull and skeleton remains, including specimens that shown even the most delicate bone structures and cartilaginous tissues. 

One of them, UFRJ DG 288-R, has preserved its skull and about 80% of its skeleton. During the removal of the rock matrix, on what should be the specimen’s abdominal region, together with fragments of gastralia were observed some small well-polished weathered angulous to subrounded clasts, presumed to be gastroliths. 

These xenoliths occur in a restrict cluster, where at least four peeble-sized stones are visible in the surface of the specimen. The texture and fabrics of these rock fragments differs from the surrounding matrix, presenting darker purplish tones. In thin section, one of the fragments revealed isotropic texture, with opaque minerals in abundance, of euhedric to subhedric habits. The mineralogical composition presents mainly clay minerals as weathering products; biotite and chlorite are common, being the last the result of hidratation of the first. Although highly altered, the low quartz content, small-sized and well-formed crystals suggests maphic composition in volcanic context, possibly representing a basalt fragment. 

In extant Crocodyliformes, the occurrence of gastroliths is commonly associated with food processing in the stomach, diving ballast, hunger stress and/or supplementary mineral ingestion. 

As baurusuchids are characterized as medium to large size fully terrestrial predator/scavengers, based on skeletal data, the ballast function of gasthroliths is excluded in this case. As mentioned above, extant crocodyliforms such as _Caiman_ and _Crocodylus_ ingest stones when under stressful conditions of lack of food, water or when in high population density. Osteoderms are one of the primary sources for calcium and a reservoir for the homeostasis. The hunger stress can be observed in the osteoderms histological cuts as an abnormal concentration of osteoclasts at its inner region overwhelming the presence of osteoblasts and consuming the osteocytes. The preservation of osteoderms associated with gasthroliths may reveal if the stone ingestion in baurusuchids is a normal or driven by hunger behavior. 

The paleoenvironmental conditions dominating the Adamantina Formation during the Late Cretaceous are considered mainly arid, marked with strong seasonality, alternating long droughts and short rainy periods, associated with flashflood events. The stressful condition created during the dry season would cause famine and mass mortality, thus forcing animals to endure or escape. The baurusuchids underwent the dry seasons through behavorial responses of self burial and probably stone ingestion, although natural bahavior cannot be eliminated as a cause. 

Financial support provided by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, grant no 305780/2006–9), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Instituto Virtual de Paleontologia/ Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (IVP/FAPERJ, grant no E–26/152.541/2006).
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Social exclusion and economic growth at the European Union: can social marketing and behavioral economics help us to overcome the problem?

The problem of poverty and social exclusion is growing nowadays in the European Union context, according to Eurostat (2015 and 2016). And, in spite of the fact that Europe 2020 Strategy is apparently focused on that situation, the perspectives are not promising. What could be happening? In this paper we analyze this issue from a Macromarketing approach, including elements from Behavioral Economics (stigmatization process and stress coping theories, going further than the “homo economicus” traditional model) to reach a better understanding, and recommending a combined public-private response to overcome the problem, using the elements that Marketing provide us (such as Social Marketing, Macro-social Marketing, Corporate Social Marketing and also traditional Commercial Marketing techniques, under a “fortune at the bottom of the pyramid” approach). Doing so, we do not only want to eradicate this sort of curse, but also to boost economic growth in an effective inclusive manner.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Orígenes de la representación topográfica del terreno en algunos mapas hispanoamericanos del siglo XVI

Los descubrimientos de los territorios americanos motivaron levantamientos planimétricos durante el siglo XVI, desarrollándose diversos métodos empíricos para la representación del terreno, así como su relieve. En este amplio corpus encontramos tres mapas en los que sorprende la forma de representar la orografía, apartándose de métodos pictóricos utilizados desde los orígenes de la cartografía hasta el siglo XVIII. El procedimiento empleado en estos mapas supone, en cierta medida, una anticipación intuitiva del método científico que utiliza la topografía moderna, que representa en una vista ortogonal el relieve mediante las curvas de nivel, y que no será desarrollado hasta dos siglos más tarde.Because of the discovery of the new American territories, many topographic surveys were performed during the sixteenth century. These maps developed various empirical methods to represent terrain and relief. In this comprehensive corpus, we find three maps with surprising representations of terrain that depart from pictorial methods, that were used from the origins of cartography until the eighteenth century. The procedure used on these maps is, to a certain extent, an intuitive anticipation of the scientific method used by modern surveying, in which the land relief is represented in an orthogonal view by the contour lines. This method was not developed until two hundred years

Stability analysis of periodic orbits in a class of duffing-like piecewise linear vibrators

In this paper, we study the dynamical behavior of a Duffing-like piecewise linear (PWL) springmass-damper system for vibration-based energy harvesting applications. First, we present a continuous time single degree of freedom PWL dynamical model of the system. From this PWL model, numerical simulations are carried out by computing frequency response and bifurcation diagram under a deterministic harmonic excitation for different sets of system parameter values. Stability analysis is performed using Floquet theory combined with Fillipov method.Postprint (published version

El mapa de la Relación Geográfica de Zapotitlán (1579): una isla de racionalidad en un océano de empirismo

En el proceso de colonización de América fue necesaria la representación de su territorio, empresa en la que surgió un nuevo estilo cartográfico híbrido, que mezclaba convenciones españolas e indígenas, así como otras nuevas que nacieron como consecuencia de las influencias mutuas entre culturas. La mayoría de los mapas que trazaron tanto indígenas como colonizadores durante el siglo XVI, no se ajustaron a los cánones cartográficos utilizados en la Europa renacentista. En este extenso corpus encontramos un caso excepcional, pues reúne todas las características de la representación científica, tal como los cosmógrafos de la Corona española esperaban que se cartografiasen los nuevos territorios ultramarinos: el mapa de Zapotitlán. Aunque el documento ya ha sido estudiado por diversos autores, este trabajo incide especialmente en los procedimientos cartográficos, con nuevas aportaciones como el análisis de los sistemas de representación utilizados, la extensión de la región representada o la determinación de la escalaIn the Spanish colonization of America, representation of its territory became a necessity, a process in which a new hybrid style of cartography arose, that mixed Spanish and indigenous conventions as well as new ones, a result of mutual influences between cultures. Most of the maps that indigenous and Spanish mapmakers drew during the sixteenth century did not conform to the cartographic canons used in renaissance Europe. In this large corpus we find an exceptional case with all the characteristics of scientific representation, such as the Spanish royal cosmographers hoped the new overseas territories would be mapped: the map of Zapotitlán. Although this document has been studied by several authors, this paper focuses particularly on the cartographic procedures, with new contributions: an analysis of the representation system used, the extent of area represented, and the determination of scale

Conocimiento especializado de un maestro de Primaria en torno a la definición de polígono

23 páginas.Trabajo Fin de Máster Oficial en Investigación de la Enseñanza y el Aprendizaje de las Ciencias Experimentales, Sociales y Matemáticas. Directora/Tutora: Dra. Nuria Climent Rodríguez. Numerosas investigaciones han abordado la importancia del conocimiento del profesor de matemáticas, considerándolo como un conocimiento especializado. En este estudio se analiza a un maestro con el objetivo de identificar el conocimiento que sustenta su práctica para, posteriormente, elaborar una propuesta del conocimiento especializado deseable. Para ello, se ha utilizado un video en el que unos alumnos de 5º de Educación Primaria tienen que construir una definición de polígono a partir de unos ejemplos dados por el maestro y una metodología de carácter cualitativo dentro del paradigma interpretativo. Finalmente, se observa la importancia del conocimiento del maestro, pues es lo que permite guiar a los alumnos en la realización de la tarea.Many investigations have examined the importance of mathematics teacher’s knowledge, considering this like a specialised knowledge. In this research, a teacher is analyzed with the aim of identifying the knowledge which supports his practice for developing a proposal of ideal specialised knowledge. For this reason, a video shows how Primary students have to construct a definition of polygon using some examples previously selected by the teacher, and qualitative metodology in an interpretative paradigm. Finally, it is evinced the importance of the teacher’s knowledge because it allows students to follow this task

Valoración de los parámetros de planificación del perfil facial en cirugía ortognática

INTRODUCCIÓN: A lo largo de la historia se ha contado con el deseo de encontrar la belleza facial y con la necesidad de determinar unas normas para lograr un perfil facial equilibra-do. Actualmente la cirugía ortognática es uno de los métodos utilizados para lograr conseguir ese esquema de belleza facial. Para el tratamiento ortodoncico-quirurgico el cirujano maxilofacial junto con el ortodoncista deberán realizar una correcta planificación del tratamiento individuali-zado para cada paciente. OBJETIVO: El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es analizar los dife-rentes métodos y herramientas que podemos encontrar para planificar adecuadamente el perfil facial individualizado de cada paciente a la hora de realizar cirugía ortognática, estos nos van a ayudar a conseguir mejores resultados y cumplir las expectativas del paciente. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de la literatura utilizando los buscadores y palabras claves en las diferentes bases de datos (Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane). Aplicados los crite-rios de inclusión y exclusión, se realizó la selección de artículos comprendidos en este estudio. CONCLUSIÓN: En el tratamiento de cirugía ortognática es necesario realizar una correcta plani-ficación del perfil facial para conseguir los resultados previsto, para ello se utilizan diferentes métodos sin embargo no se ha encontrado el método ideal para la planificación del perfil facial.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Odontologí