Vector boson scattering and boundary conditions in Kaluza-Klein toy model

We study a simple higher-dimensional toy model of electroweak symmetry breaking, in particular a pure gauge 5D theory on flat background with one extra finite space dimension. The principle of least action and the requirement of gauge independence of scattering amplitudes are used to determine the possible choices of boundary conditions. We demonstrate that for any of these choices the scattering amplitudes of vector bosons do not exhibit power-like growth in the high energy limit. Our analysis is an extension and generalization of the results obtained previously by other authors.Comment: 11 pages, v2: minor refinements, references added, styled according to MPLA guideline

Measurement and Simulation of Coaxial to Microstrip Transitions' Radiation Properties and Substrate Influence

A radiation and electro-magnetic (EM) field analysis of coaxial-to-microstrip transitions is presented. Radiation is quantified by simulation and measurement of a crosstalk between two Omni-Spectra's transitions using microstrip 'open' calibration standards at different positions. Simulation results are compared to the measured data and good agreement is reported on two different substrates. The evaluation method which is used to analyze quality of the transition and its radiation properties was already developed and verified on a grounded coplanar waveguide (CPWG) transmission line. Results can be used to estimate uncertainty budget of the calibrated measurement with respect to the measured radiation. Results on different substrates show interesting behaviour and can prove useful when choosing suitable substrate for specific test-fixture

Distributed Recognition of Reference Nodes for Wireless Sensor Network Localization

All known localization techniques for wireless sensor and ad-hoc networks require certain set of reference nodes being used for position estimation. The anchor-free techniques in contrast to anchor-based do not require reference nodes called anchors to be placed in the network area before localization operation itself, but they can establish own reference coordinate system to be used for the relative position estimation. We observed that contemporary anchor-free localization algorithms achieve a low localization error, but dissipate significant energy reserves during the recognition of reference nodes used for the position estimation. Therefore, we have proposed the optimized anchor-free localization algorithm referred to as BRL (Boundary Recognition aided Localization), which achieves a low localization error and mainly reduces the communication cost of the reference nodes recognition phase. The proposed BRL algorithm was investigated throughout the extensive simulations on the database of networks with the different number of nodes and densities and was compared in terms of communication cost and localization error with the known related algorithms such as AFL and CRP. Through the extensive simulations we have observed network conditions where novel BRL algorithm excels in comparison with the state of art

Improved Practices Catalogue - Best management practice for maintaining and improving land condition on grazing lands

This catalogue aims to provide graziers with a brief overview of outcomes which may occur on property as a result of adopting these improved practices. More importantly, it will provide an extensive set of links to where more comprehensive information can be obtained for those wanting more detail. For a more complete guide, please refer to Sustainable management of the Burdekin grazing lands available at https://futurebeef.com.au/wp-content/uploads/BurdekinGrazing_final-04a.pdf and Understanding the economics of grazing management practices and systems for improving water quality run-off from grazing lands in the Burdekin and Fitzroy Catchments available at http://era.daf.qld.gov.au/id/eprint/5804

Application of a GC-ECD for measurements of biosphere–atmosphere exchange fluxes of peroxyacetyl nitrate using the relaxed eddy accumulation and gradient method

Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) may constitute a significant fraction of reactive nitrogen in the atmosphere. Current knowledge about the biosphere–atmosphere exchange of PAN is limited, and only few studies have investigated the deposition of PAN to terrestrial ecosystems. We developed a flux measurement system for the determination of biosphere–atmosphere exchange fluxes of PAN using both the hyperbolic relaxed eddy accumulation (HREA) method and the modified Bowen ratio (MBR) method. The system consists of a modified, commercially available gas chromatograph with electron capture detection (GC-ECD, Meteorologie Consult GmbH, Germany). Sampling was performed by trapping PAN onto two pre-concentration columns; during HREA operation one was used for updraft and one for downdraft events, and during MBR operation the two columns allowed simultaneous sampling at two measurement heights. The performance of the PAN flux measurement system was tested at a natural grassland site, using fast-response ozone (O₃) measurements as a proxy for both methods. The measured PAN fluxes were comparatively small (daytime PAN deposition was on average −0.07 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹) and, thus, prone to significant uncertainties. A major challenge in the design of the system was the resolution of the small PAN mixing ratio differences. Consequently, the study focuses on the performance of the analytical unit and a detailed analysis of errors contributing to the overall uncertainty. The error of the PAN mixing ratio differences ranged from 4 to 15 ppt during the MBR and between 18 and 26 ppt during the HREA operation, while during daytime measured PAN mixing ratios were of similar magnitude. Choosing optimal settings for both the MBR and HREA method, the study shows that the HREA method did not have a significant advantage towards the MBR method under well-mixed conditions as was expected

Energy Analysis of Received Signal Strength Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper presents the investigation of energy demands during localization of wireless nodes in ad-hoc networks. We focus on the method based on the received signal strength (RSS) to estimate the distances between the nodes. To deal with the uncertainty of this technique, statistical methods are used. It implies more measurement samples to be taken and consequently more energy to be spent. Therefore, we investigate the accuracy of localization and the consumed energy in the relation to the number of measurement samples. The experimental measurements were conducted with IRIS sensor motes and their results related to the proposed energy model. The results show that the expended energy is not related linearly to the localization error. First, improvement of the accuracy rises fast with more measurement samples. Then, adding more samples, the accuracy increase is moderate, which means that the marginal energy cost of the additional improvement is higher

Modeling approach to multi-agent system of human and machine agents: Application in design of early experiments for novel aeronautics systems

Design of future systems for flight-deck automation will reflect a trend of changing the paradigm of human-computer interaction from the master (human)- slave (machine) mode to more equilibrated cooperation. In many cases such cooperation considers several humans and computer systems, for which multi-agent dynamic cooperative systems are appropriate models. Development of such systems requires very profound analysis of mutual interactions and conflicts that may arise in such systems. Additional testing is exhaustive and expensive for such systems. In the scope of the D3CoS project these problems are addressed from the modelling point of view with ambition to create tools that will simplify the development phase and replace parts of the testing phase. In this paper we investigate common flight procedures, for which computer assistance could be developed. We show how formal modelling of procedures allows us to inspect procedural inconsistencies and workload peaks before the development starts. We show how a computer cognitive architecture (a virtual pilot) can simulate human pilot behaviour in the cockpit to address questions typical for the early phase of the development. Analysis of these questions allows us to reduce the number of candidates for the final implementation without the need of expensive experiments with human pilots. This modelling approach is demonstrated on experiments undertaken both with human pilots and a virtual pilot. The quality of the outcome from both experimental settings remains conserved as shown by physiological assessment of pilot workload, which in turn justifies the use of the modelling approach for this type of problems

Functional Complementation of the PpGCN4 and PpNHX2 Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana to Study Salt Tolerance

Climate change induces unexpected weather and causes abiotic and biotic stresses in plants. These stresses negatively affect crop growth and production. Additionally, a steady increase in the world population has been leading to higher food demand. Therefore, the development of more stress-resilient crops is essential to combat these problems. One such stress is a salinity that affects crop production. Almond is a salt-sensitive crop, so there is a need to identify salt-tolerant almond rootstocks. AtGCN4 is a novel gene that was identified in Arabidopsis thaliana to play a significant role in host-pathogen interaction and drought tolerance when overexpressed. The preliminary results show that GCN4 imparts salt tolerance too. Similarly, AtNHX2, codes for a sodium/hydrogen exchanger and is very well characterized in A. thaliana to play a significant role in salt tolerance. However, these genes have not been studied in almonds. In this study, we are amplifying both of these genes from Almond rootstock Nemagaurd. We have developed transgenic lines of PpNHX2 in the atnhx2 knockout mutant of A. thaliana for overexpression and endogenous level expression by floral dip transformations. We are selecting for the homozygous lines. We are checking the transgenic line by qRT-PCR for gene expression and genotyping. As GCN4 is an essential gene and complete deletion causes the death of the plant, we are expressing this gene in wildtype A. thaliana under 2X35S promoter for overexpression and under the native PpGCN4 promoter for endogenous expression using gateway technology. Once we select the homozygous lines, we will test them for salt tolerance at different levels of salt concentrations ranging from 50 mM to 150 mM NaCl. If almond PpGCN4 and PpNHX2 genes have the same function as Arabidopsis AtGCN4 and AtNHX2 genes, these genes can be used as a genetic marker in almond rootstocks to develop salt tolerance.https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/fsrs2020/1052/thumbnail.jp