Social Conflict, National Strife, or Political Battle? Violence and Strikebreaking in Late Habsburg Austria

This article analyses the practices of violence during strikes in Habsburg Austria from the 1890s until the outbreak of the First World War. As the number of social conflicts rose at the turn of the century, strikes increasingly became one of the main sites of public violence in Austrian society, alongside demonstrations. Violent confrontations between strikers, strike-breakers, and the state forces protecting them frequently occurred. The first section discusses the state repression used to quell internal unrest and its consequences on the rule of law. The following sections explore the micro-dynamics of strikebreaking within the larger context of the reaction against Social Democracy in the period. Especially after the successful mobilization for suffrage reform in 1905–906, employers and other propertied classes saw strikers as part of a general threat. The Czech and German nationalist workers’ movements can also be reassessed through the lens of these social conflicts, rather than only as manifestations of radical nationalism. Strikes are here analysed as one case study addressing current debates in the historiography on the Habsburg Empire: first on the implementation of the rule of law on the ground in Habsburg Austria, then on the impact of democratization in the decades before 1914

Respectable Citizens: Civic Militias, Local Patriotism, and Social Order in Late Habsburg Austria (1890\u20121920)

This article analyzes the role of urban civic militias (burgher corps) in Habsburg Austria from the end of the nineteenth century to the aftermath of World War I. Far from a remnant of the early modern past, by the turn of the twentieth century these militias were thriving local institutions. They fostered dynastic patriotism and participated in the growing promotion of shooting among the population in the lead-up to the conflict. But they also played a major role in upholding the bourgeois ideals of protection of social hierarchies and property. In the context of the rise of the workers' movement and social unrest, the militias saw themselves as bulwarks of social order and bastions of bourgeois virtue. They reflected an exclusive conception of armed citizenship opposed to the egalitarian notion of the citizen-soldier that survived into the twentieth century. The sensory experience of burgher corps parades during the patriotic or church celebrations was supposed to convey stability and express hierarchies in the urban space. This article also links the practices of armed civilians before the war to the paramilitary groups that emerged in 1918 and emphasizes the legacy of local conceptions of armed defense of property and of notions of \u201cgood\u201d citizenship in the aftermath of the war

The threat from within across Empires: Strikes, Labor Migration, and Violence in Central Europe, 1900-1914

The decade before the First World War saw a heightened level of social and political conflicts throughout Germany and Austria-Hungary. Strikes in pre-1914 central Europe have largely been examined as part of the development of the workers' movement, but much less often from the perspective of the employers and government elites. Their strategies to counteract "strike terrorism"included hiring replacement workers through private strikebreaking agents, who provided a variety of services such as recruitment, transportation, housing, and providing "willing workers"with weapons for their self-defense. The discourses around "strike terrorism,"and the repressive strategies to counter it, are a lens through which we can look afresh at some of the most crucial issues in the history of central European empires in the prewar years, namely the structure of violence embedded in social conflicts, migration, growing political antagonism, and fears surrounding social democracy. This article analyzes the public debate around the protection of "willing workers"as well as concrete episodes of antilabor violence in a transnational framework. It offers a reassessment of social conflicts in the period following the 1905 social mobilizations in central Europe, and it explores the circulation of antilabor measures between Germany and Austria-Hungary, their radicalizing impact, and their connections with labor migration patterns

Mortality Prediction after the First Year of Kidney Transplantation: An Observational Study on Two European Cohorts.

After the first year post transplantation, prognostic mortality scores in kidney transplant recipients can be useful for personalizing medical management. We developed a new prognostic score based on 5 parameters and computable at 1-year post transplantation. The outcome was the time between the first anniversary of the transplantation and the patient's death with a functioning graft. Afterwards, we appraised the prognostic capacities of this score by estimating time-dependent Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves from two prospective and multicentric European cohorts: the DIVAT (Données Informatisées et VAlidées en Transplantation) cohort composed of patients transplanted between 2000 and 2012 in 6 French centers; and the STCS (Swiss Transplant Cohort Study) cohort composed of patients transplanted between 2008 and 2012 in 6 Swiss centers. We also compared the results with those of two existing scoring systems: one from Spain (Hernandez et al.) and one from the United States (the Recipient Risk Score, RRS, Baskin-Bey et al.). From the DIVAT validation cohort and for a prognostic time at 10 years, the new prognostic score (AUC = 0.78, 95%CI = [0.69, 0.85]) seemed to present significantly higher prognostic capacities than the scoring system proposed by Hernandez et al. (p = 0.04) and tended to perform better than the initial RRS (p = 0.10). By using the Swiss cohort, the RRS and the the new prognostic score had comparable prognostic capacities at 4 years (AUC = 0.77 and 0.76 respectively, p = 0.31). In addition to the current available scores related to the risk to return in dialysis, we recommend to further study the use of the score we propose or the RRS for a more efficient personalized follow-up of kidney transplant recipients

L’archéologie à la bibliothèque de l’INHA

Pour réaliser sa mission de développement de l’activité scientifique, l’Institut national d’histoire de l’art disposera à terme des fonds de trois bibliothèques : la Bibliothèque d’art et d’archéologie, la Bibliothèque centrale des musées nationaux et les collections imprimées de la Bibliothèque de l’École nationale des beaux-arts. Les collections de livres, mais aussi de périodiques, d’estampes, d’archives, de manuscrits, de dessins, de photographies sont destinées à être installées dans l’a..

Street fronts: war, state legitimacy and urban space, Prague 1914-1920

This thesis examines daily life in the city of Prague during the First World War and in its immediate aftermath. Its aim is twofold: to explore the impact of the war on urban space and to analyse the relationship of Prague’s inhabitants to the Austro-Hungarian and then Czechoslovak state. To this end, both the mobilization for the war effort and the crisis of legitimacy experienced by the state are investigated. The two elements are connected: it is precisely because of the great sacrifices made by Praguers during the conflict that the Empire lost the trust of its citizens. Food shortages also constitute a major feature of the war experience and the inappropriate management of supply by the state played a large role in its final collapse. The study goes beyond Czechoslovak independence on 28 October 1918 to fully grasp the continuities between the two polities and the consequences of the war on this transitional period. Beyond the official national revolution, the revolutionary spirit in Prague around the time of regime change reveals the interplay between national and social motives, making it part of a broader European revolutionary movement at the time

Émile Bernard à la Bibliothèque de l’INHA

Nombre des documents présentés dans cette exposition sont conservés à la Bibliothèque de l’INHA, en particulier les trente-trois estampes d’Émile Bernard qui proviennent toutes de la même collection, celle de la Bibliothèque d’art et d’archéologie fondée par Jacques Doucet, aujourd’hui rattachée à l’Institut national d’histoire de l’art. En tout, quatre-vingt-quinze estampes d’Émile Bernard y sont conservées, la plupart achetées par Jacques Doucet. Ce grand couturier, collectionneur et mécène..

Chroniques de l’éphémère : Le livre de fête dans la collection Jacques Doucet

Les livres de fête sont parmi les plus spectaculaires des nombreux documents rassemblés par Jacques Doucet pour sa bibliothèque d’Art et d’Archéologie, rattachée depuis 2003 à l’Institut national d’histoire de l’art. Comme les fêtes destinées à solenniser chaque acte de la vie publique des souverains, ces livres étaient le produit de la contribution de tous les grands artistes du temps. Baptêmes, mariages, funérailles, couronnements, victoires ou entrées solennelles dans les « bonnes » villes du royaume donnaient lieu à des déploiements de fastes dont les livres se veulent les traces tout aussi fastueuses. L’exposition sur les livres de fête du XVIIe au XVIIIe siècle organisée à l’INHA (galerie Colbert à Paris IIe, du 15 septembre au 15 décembre 2010) présente des livres de cette période illustrant des fêtes versaillaises et parisiennes. Ce catalogue accompagne et éclaire la visité et l’étude de ces ouvrages. Dominique Morelon, commissaire de l’exposition et conservatrice en chef, responsable du service du patrimoine de la bibliothèque de l’INHA

Hommage à Sylvain Laboureur

Sylvain Laboureur nous a quittés le 22 novembre 2010 à l’âge de 83 ans. Né à Paris le 25 juin 1927, il apparaissait en petit poisson nageant aux côté d’un grand frère et de parents tout aussi poissons que lui, dans une délicieuse gravure que son père, le peintre graveur Jean-Emile Laboureur, envoya à ses amis pour les vœux de 1928. Cet homme simple et chaleureux, dont la stature rappelait celle de son père, eut, dans sa vie, trois passions. La première fut sa famille : ses parents, sa femme F..