Continuity politics and public order

The thesis begins by enquiring into relationship between politics and public order in a world of change 9Introduction: ‘Politics, Public Order and Time’). The view is put forward that political activity crucial in maintaining an order which enables men to coordinate their activities. The concept of order is then examined and the way in which change is significant in the establishment of individual identity in a shared public world is explored (Chapter 1: ‘Order, Change and identity’). The thesis then moves to a consideration of what it means to be a member of such a place order and of a civil society in particular (Chapter 2: ‘Membership and Citizenship’). Being a member I seen as accepting certain rights and duties are specified in civil society and the obligations which they impose of then examined (Chapter 3: ‘Law and Obligation’). In the following chapter the character of authority an the role it plays in establishing and enforcing the conditions of membership in civil society are then considered (Chapter 5: ‘Political institutions and Organisations’). When these conditions are not readily complies with, coercion may be necessary, and its role in maintenance of public order is examined (chapter 6: ‘Coercion, Violence and Public Order’). The debate which preceded that passage of any law creating obligation is the concern of the following chapter (Chapter 7: ‘political Talk’), and the thesis moves on to an examination of how such debate is brought to a close (Chapter 8: ‘Political Conventions’). These district aspect of political activity taken together constitute over time a characteristic way of going about politics which has a prescriptive force (Chapter 9: ‘tradition’). Finally, the successful maintenance of a relatively continuous public order is seen to lie in the possibilities it upholds for freedom (Chapter 10: 'Freedom and Order')

Los avances en los vínculos de investigación transnacional: los datos obtenidos de la Educación Superior en Estados Unidos

In our knowledge-driven era, multiple and mutual benefits accrue from transnational research linkages. The article identifies important directions in transnational research collaborations involving U.S. universities revealed by key dimensions of 369 projects profiled on a U.S. higher-education association’s database. Project initiators, principal research fields, regional and country distributions, and the sources and amounts of funding for different types of transnational research activity are selected for analysis. The balanced total portfolio of reported current research projects by region suggests that U.S. university principal investigators increasingly recognize the value of collaborative knowledge generation in the Global South as well as in other OECD countries. The data also show concentrations in the distribution of transnational research projects by principal field of activity that could exacerbate intra-regional asymmetries. The multi-institutional data draw attention to the often unnoticed, but vital, role that higher-education institutions play in supporting transnational research endeavors that address issues of current and future global concern. The conclusion considers wider implications for higher-education involvement in transnational knowledge generation and calls for increased symmetry in collaborative research ventures.En nuestra era, propulsada por los conocimientos, son múltiples y mutuos los beneficios que derivan de los vínculos de investigación transnacional. Este artículo define las direcciones significativas de la colaboración de investigación transnacional, incluyendo universidades estadounidenses reveladas por las dimensiones clave de 369 proyectos descritos en la base de datos de una asociación de Educación Superior en EE.UU. Para el análisis han sido seleccionados los iniciadores del proyecto, los principales campos de investigación, la distribución regional y nacional, así como las fuentes y cantidades de financiación de diferentes tipos de actividades de investigación transnacional. El conjunto total de los proyectos de investigación vigentes, según región, sugiere que los principales investigadores universitarios en EE.UU. reconocen cada vez más el valor del conocimiento colaborativo en los países del Sur como también en otros países de la OCDE. Los datos señalan que la distribución de los proyectos de investigación transnacional se concentra en torno al campo principal de actividad que podría exacerbar las asimetrías intrarregionales. Los datos multi-institucionales llaman la atención sobre el papel —a menudo desapercibido pero vital— que desempeñan las instituciones de enseñanza superior en el apoyo a las iniciativas de investigación transnacional que abordan temas de interés mundial, tanto actuales como futuros. En conclusión, se considera necesario ampliar las implicaciones de la participación de la Educación Superior en la generación de conocimiento transnacional y se pide una mayor simetría en los proyectos colaborativos de investigación