Tax evasion: the main cause of global poverty

LSE’s Isabella Mosselmans calls on Western governments to monitor and enforce global companies to pay the correct taxes in the countries in which they operate

The use of intra-articular aneshesia as a diagnostic tool in canine lameness

Lameness in dogs may be difficult to localize because of mild pathologic changes or inconclusive clinical findings. Intra-articular anesthesia is proposed as a diagnostic method to localize the source of lameness. After a description of the preparation, technique and puncture sites, an overview is given of a series of patients admitted for different joint problems. Intra-articular anesthesia proved to be applicable in any joint, provided that the clinician was experienced and the dog was under sedation. In 87% of the cases, intra-articular anesthesia was positive. Medial coronoid disease of the elbow joint was the most frequent indication for intra-articular anesthesia

Macroscopic and spectroscopic analysis of lanthanide adsorption to bacterial cells

This study was designed to combine surface complexation modelling of macroscopic adsorption data with X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic (XAS) measurements to identify lanthanide sorption sites on the bacterial surface. The adsorption of selected representatives for light (La and Nd), middle (Sm and Gd) and heavy (Er and Yb) lanthanides was measured as a function of pH, and biomass samples exposed to 4 mg/L lanthanide at pH 3.5 and 6 were analysed using XAS. Surface complexation modelling was consistent with the light lanthanides adsorbing to phosphate sites, whereas the adsorption of middle and heavy lanthanides could be modelled equally well by carboxyl and phosphate sites. The existence of such mixed mode coordination was confirmed by Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) analysis, which was also consistent with adsorption to phosphate sites at low pH, with secondary involvement of carboxyl sites at high adsorption density (high pH). Thus, the two approaches yield broadly consistent information with regard to surface site identity and lanthanide coordination environment. Furthermore, spectroscopic analysis suggests that coordination to phosphate sites is monodentate at the metal/biomass ratios used. Based on the best-fitting pKa site, we infer that the phosphate sites are located on N-acetylglucosamine phosphate, the most likely polymer on gram-negative cells with potential phosphate sites that deprotonate around neutral pH

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Toepassingen van ultrageluid in de diergeneeskunde

The therapeutic use of ultrasound in human medicine is known to have a positive effect on the healing of tissue and bone. Therefore, ultrasound has been frequently applied in patients with a bone fracture (e.g. Exogen (R)). In veterinary medicine, several studies have been performed to investigate the effect of ultrasound on bone healing. Although the healing time in several patients was shortened after the application of ultrasound, the technique is currently not routinely applied in cases of delayed or non-union. The literature and the already performed experiments with ultrasound in veterinary medicine are reviewed in this article. The mechanism of action of ultrasound during the various phases of tissue and bone healing are described. Since the interest in physical therapy is increasing, the technique will probably be applied more frequently in companion animals in the near future

Site multiplicity of rare earth ions in III-nitrides

This presentation reviews recent lattice location studies of RE ions in GaN by electron emission channelling (EC) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) techniques. These studies agree that RE ions at low concentrations (whether they are incorporated during growth or introduced later by ion implantation) predominantly occupy Ga substitutional sites, as expected from considerations of charge equivalence. We combine this result with some examples of the welldocumented richness of optical spectra of GaN:RE3+ to suggest that the luminescence of these materials may be ascribed to a family of rather similar sites, all of which feature the REGa defect

Postoperatieve infectie met multiresistente Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bij een Berner sennenhond met een ruptuur van de voorste kruisband

A female Bernese mountain dog of 5.5 years old was referred to the Ghent University Clinic because of septic arthritis of the left stifle joint after an explorative arthrotomy. The pathogenic germ was a multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The stifle joint was operated on again, flushed and the dog was treated with meropenem (Meronem (R), NV AstraZeneca SA, Brussels, Belgium) subcutaneously for a period of eight weeks. During that period, the cranial cruciate ligament ruptured in the affected stifle joint. Therefore, a treatment with a tibial tuberosity advancement technique, i.e. TTA Rapid was conducted. Despite the infection, the severe symptoms and the concomitant rupture of the cruciate ligament, the dog made a full recovery. Multiresistant bacteria are difficult to treat and demand a thorough approach of the attending veterinarian, a strong commitment of the owner and the exceptional use of potent, "last resort" antibiotics guided by antibiogram results. In this case report, it is demonstrated that even severe cases of postoperative infection with MRSA can be managed successfully with proper treatment