The seven rules for hydrologists and other researchers wanting to contribute to the water management practice

International audienceThis paper addresses the question how hydrologists and other researchers can best contribute to the water management practice. It reviews the literature in the field of science and technology studies and research utilization and presents the results in the form of seven "rules" for researchers. These are (1) Reflect on the nature and possible roles of research; (2) Analyse the stakeholders and issues at stake; (3) Choose whom and what to serve; (4) Decide on your strategy; (5) Design the process to implement your strategy; (6) Communicate!; and (7) Consider your possibilities and limitations. Key notions in this paper are that research always involves selection and interpretation and that the selection and interpretations made in a specific case always reflect the values and preferences of those involved. Collaboration between the researchers and the other stakeholders can increase the legitimacy and utilization of the research and can prevent that the specific expertise of the researchers is lost

Dataset concerning the analytical approximation of the Ae3 temperature.

In this paper we present a new polynomial function for calculating the local phase transformation temperature (Ae3 ) between the austenite+ferrite and the fully austenitic phase fields during heating and cooling of steel:[Formula: see text] The dataset includes the terms of the function and the values for the polynomial coefficients for major alloying elements in steel. A short description of the approximation method used to derive and validate the coefficients has also been included. For discussion and application of this model, please refer to the full length article entitled "The role of aluminium in chemical and phase segregation in a TRIP-assisted dual phase steel" 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.05.046 (Ennis et al., 2016) [1]

Introduction

This chapter provides an introduction to the volume on conflicts over natural resources in the Global South and situates the various contributions made. The authors note that such conflicts frequently involve poor, mainly rural people who are struggling to maintain access to the resources on which they depend for a living. The volume is concerned mainly with conceptual approaches to the issue of conflict. Given the diversity of conflict and cooperation dynamics and their relation with natural resources, the authors argue that general causal theories are problematic. Rather than aiming for grand explanations, the volume therefore is aimed to realise what Merton (1949) has termed ‘middle-range theory’

A High-Efficiency 4x45W Car Audio Power Amplifier using Load Current Sharing

A 4x45W (EIAJ) monolithic car audio power amplifier is presented that achieves a power dissipation decrease of nearly 2x over standard class AB operation by sharing load currents between loudspeakers. Output signals are conditioned using a common-mode control loop to allow switch placement between loads with minimal THD increase. A prototype is realized in a SOI bipolar-CMOS-DMOS process with 0.5μm feature size. Die area is 7.5x4.6mm2. THD+N @(1kHz,10W) is 0.05%

Waardevol - Indicatoren voor Valorisatie

Het rapport Waardevol – Indicatoren voor valorisatie biedt kennisinstellingen, wetenschapsfinanciers en kennisgebruikers een gemeenschappelijk kader voor valorisatie. De methode werkt met valorisatiekaarten waarmee betrokken organisaties systematisch kunnen monitoren hoe groot de valorisatie-inspanningen zijn, wat de opbrengsten zijn en welke mogelijkheden voor verbetering er zijn. Het gebruik van valorisatiekaarten zal helpen om het inzicht te vergroten in wat publieke kennisinstellingen, wetenschapsfinanciers en bedrijfsleven nu al doen aan valorisatie.

Cohomogeneity one manifolds and selfmaps of nontrivial degree

We construct natural selfmaps of compact cohomgeneity one manifolds with finite Weyl group and compute their degrees and Lefschetz numbers. On manifolds with simple cohomology rings this yields in certain cases relations between the order of the Weyl group and the Euler characteristic of a principal orbit. We apply our construction to the compact Lie group SU(3) where we extend identity and transposition to an infinite family of selfmaps of every odd degree. The compositions of these selfmaps with the power maps realize all possible degrees of selfmaps of SU(3).Comment: v2, v3: minor improvement

Socio-economic Status Plays Important Roles in Childhood Cancer Treatment Outcome in Indonesia

Background: The influence of parental socio-economic status on childhood cancer treatment outcome in low-income countries has not been sufficiently investigated. Our study examined this influence and explored parental experiences during cancer treatment of their children in an Indonesian academic hospital. Materials and Methods: Medical charts of 145 children diagnosed with cancer between 1999 and 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. From October 2011 until January 2012, 40 caretakers were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. Results: Of all patients, 48% abandoned treatment, 34% experienced death, 9% had progressive/relapsed disease, and 9% overall event-free survival. Prosperous patients had better treatment outcome than poor patients (P<0.0001). Odds-ratio for treatment abandonment was 3.3 (95%CI: 1.4-8.1, p=0.006) for poor versus prosperous patients. Parents often believed that their child's health was beyond doctor control and determined by luck, fate or God (55%). Causes of cancer were thought to be destiny (35%) or God's punishment (23%). Alternative treatment could (18%) or might (50%) cure cancer. Most parents (95%) would like more information about cancer and treatment. More contact with doctors was desired (98%). Income decreased during treatment (55%). Parents lost employment (48% fathers, 10% mothers), most of whom stated this loss was caused by their child's cancer (84% fathers, 100% mothers). Loss of income led to financial difficulties (63%) and debts (55%). Conclusions: Treatment abandonment was most important reason for treatment failure. Treatment outcome was determined by parental socio-economic status. Childhood cancer survival could improve if financial constraints and provision of information and guidance are better addressed

Impact Evaluation of Wet-Weather Events on Influent Flow and Loadings of a Water Resource Recovery Facility

Since the introduction of environmental legislation anddirectives in Europe, the impact of combined sewer overflows (CSO) on receiving waterbodies has become a priority concern in water and wastewater treatment industry. Timeconsumingand expensive local sampling and monitoring campaigns have been carried outto estimate the characteristic flow and pollutant concentrations of CSO water. This studyfocused on estimating the frequency and duration of wet-weather events and their impactson influent flow and wastewater characteristics of the largest Italian water resource recoveryfacility (WRRF) in Castiglione Torinese. Eight years (viz. 2009-2016) of routinely collectedinfluent data in addition to the arithmetic mean daily precipitation rates (PI) of the plantcatchment area, were elaborated. Relationships between PI and volumetric influent flow rate(Qin), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium concentration (N-NH4) and totalsuspended solids (TSS) are investigated. Time series data mining (TSDM) method isimplemented for segmentation of time series by use of sliding window algorithm to partitionthe available records associated with wet and dry weather events based on the dailyvariation of PI time series. Appling the methodology in conjunction with results obtained fromdata reduction techniques, a wet-weather definition is proposed for the plant. The resultsconfirm that applied methodology on routinely collected plant data can be considered as agood substitute for time-consuming and expensive sampling campaigns and plantmonitoring programs usually conducted for accurate emergency response and long-termpreparedness for extreme climate conditions

Physical and biological processes at the Subtropical Convergence in the South-west Indian Ocean

A detailed hydrographic and biological survey was conducted in the region of the Subtropical Convergence in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean in April 2007. Hydrographic data revealed that the subsurface expression of the Subtropical Convergence (at 200 m), marked by the 10°C isotherm, appeared to meander considerably between 41°S and 42°15’S. Total surface chlorophyll- a concentration was low and ranged from 0.03 to 0.42 µg l–1 and was always dominated by the pico- ( 0.05). The zooplankton community was dominated, numerically and by biomass, by mesozooplankton comprising mainly copepods of the genera, Oithona,Paraeuchaeta, Pleuromamma, Calanus and Clausocalanus. An exception was recorded at those stations in the region of the front where the tunicate, Salpa thompsoni, dominated the total zooplankton biomass