Routing in Networks Using Genetic Algorithm

With the increase in traffic, internet service providers are trying their best to provide maximum utilization of resources available. The current traffic load has to be taken into account for computation of paths in routing protocols. Network applications; require the shortest paths to be used for communication purposes. Addressing the selection of path, from a known source to destination is the basic aim of this paper. This paper proposes a method of calculating the shortest path for a network using a combination of Open shortest path first and Genetic Algorithm (OSGA). Genetic Algorithm is used in this paper for optimization of routing. It helps in enhancing the performance of the routers

From “Advertising Architecture” to “Media Façade”: Communication through Digital Display Skin

There is a growing trend to design buildings with colourful and dynamic outer skins through the integration of digital media tools, particularly LED systems. Discussing the intersection of media, technology, art, and architecture in recent conferences under the term “media façade”, this field introduces a new form of communication platform, urban space and public perception, which can be viewed through the perspective of Guy Debord’s “The Society of the Spectacle” and Jean Baudrillard’s “sign value” concept. Proceeding from the idea that a façade is a communication tool, the paper compares what Adolf Behne in the early 20th century termed as “advertising architecture” with the current “media façade”. Venturi’s comparison of Gothic cathedrals to billboards of the Las Vegas Strip in the 1970s applies today to the “Media Building” in Paul Virilio’s discussion of the digital age, where the information is active and interactive. This paper considers the façades with attached signs, signboards and billboards as a continuation of advertising architecture, in contrast to the media façade examples with integrated digital media tools that are inbuilt to the design. Three cases are selected for discussing the advantages and disadvantages of media façades, under the following titles: communication, ornamentation, flexibility, ephemerality, sustainability, and location. It is observed that the new relation between digital media and architecture not only initiates a new kind of communication platform, but also indicates the emergence and proliferation of a potential propaganda tool. To this end, the guidance of a social control mechanism for the applications of media façades is suggested

Pembentukan Manusia Ihsan dan Karakter Rabbani Dalam Al-Qur'an

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pembentukan manusia ihsan dan karakter Rabbani dalam al-Qur’an. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif -deskriptif. Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah library research atau kajian kepustakaan. Sumber data adalah data primer berupa buku-buku atau karya ilmiah yang terkait dengan judul penelitian ini, sedangkan data sekundernya berupa buku-buku dan karya ilmiah yang relevan. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan cara dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah 1) Pembentukan Manusia Ihsan dan Karakter Rabbani dalam al-Qur’an adalah: keimanan, keihlasan, pembiasaan, pendidikan, keteladanan, ketaatan, kepatuhan 2) Keagungan akhlak Nabi Muhammad SAW yaitu : Akhlak Nabi Muhammad SAW adalah Al-Qur’an, seperti : ketaqwaan, keikhlasan, kesabaran, bersifat shiddiq, Amanah, tabligh dan juju

Coupling of Smoothened to inhibitory G proteins reduces voltage-gated K

SMO (Smoothened), the central transducer of Hedgehog signaling, is coupled to heterotrimeric Gi proteins in many cell types, including cardiomyocytes. In this study, we report that activation of SMO with SHH (Sonic Hedgehog) or a small agonist, purmorphamine, rapidly causes a prolongation of the action potential duration that is sensitive to a SMO inhibitor. In contrast, neither of the SMO agonists prolonged the action potential in cardiomyocytes from transgenic GiCT/TTA mice, in which Gi signaling is impaired, suggesting that the effect of SMO is mediated by Gi proteins. Investigation of the mechanism underlying the change in action potential kinetics revealed that activation of SMO selectively reduces outward voltage-gated K+ repolarizing (Kv) currents in isolated cardiomyocytes and that it induces a down-regulation of membrane levels of Kv4.3 in cardiomyocytes and intact hearts from WT but not from GiCT/TTA mice. Moreover, perfusion of intact hearts with Shh or purmorphamine increased the ventricular repolarization time (QT interval) and induced ventricular arrhythmias. Our data constitute the first report that acute, noncanonical Hh signaling mediated by Gi proteins regulates K+ currents density in cardiomyocytes and sensitizes the heart to the development of ventricular arrhythmias. © 2018 Cheng et al

Seafood safety and quality: an analysis of the supply chain in the Sultanate of Oman

The globalization of trade in fish has created many challenges for the developing world specifically with regard to food safety and quality. International organisations have established a good basis for standards in international trade. Whilst these requirements are frequently embraced by the major importers (such as Japan, the EU and the USA), they often impose additional safety requirements and regularly identify batches which fail to meet their strict standards. Creating an effective national seafood control system which meets both the internal national needs as well the requirements for the export market can be challenging. Many countries adopt a dual system where seafood products for the major export markets are subject to tight control whilst the majority of the products (whether for the local market or for more regional trade) are less tightly controlled. With regional liberalization also occurring, deciding on appropriate controls is complex. In the Sultanate of Oman, fisheries production is one of the countries' chief sources of economic revenue after oil production and is a major source of the national food supply. In this paper the structure of the fish supply chain has been analysed and highlighted the different routes operating for the different markets. Although much of the fish are consumed within Oman, there is a major export trade to the local regional markets. Much smaller quantities meet the more stringent standards imposed by the major importing countries and exports to these are limited. The paper has considered the development of the Omani fish control system including the key legislative documents and the administrative structures that have been developed. Establishing modern controls which satisfy the demands of the major importers is possible but places additional costs on businesses. Enhanced controls such as HACCP and other management standards are required but can be difficult to justify when alternative markets do not specify these. These enhanced controls do however provide additional consumer protection and can bring benefits to local consumers. The Omani government is attempting to upgrade the system of controls and has made tremendous progress toward the implementation of HACCP and introducing enhanced management systems into its industrial sector. The existence of strengthened legislative and government support, including subsidies, has encouraged some businesses to implement HACCP. The current control systems have been reviewed and a SWOT analysis approach used to identify key factors for their future development. The study shows that seafood products in the supply chain are often exposed to lengthy handling and distribution process before reaching the consumers, a typical issue faced by many developing countries. As seafood products are often perishable, they safety is compromised if not adequately controlled. The enforcement of current food safety laws in the Sultanate of Oman is shared across various government agencies. Consequently, there is a need to harmonize all regulatory requirements, enhancing the domestic food protection and to continue to work towards a fully risk-based approach in order to compete successfully in the global market

Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) in seafood processing: an analysis of its application and use in regulation in the Sultanate of Oman

When considering the supply of fish products to consumers, the adoption of food safety management systems throughout the 'net to plate' continuum is of a paramount importance. It is essential to safeguard consumers and to facilitate regional and international trade. This study has assessed the technical barriers and benefits associated with the implementation of management system incorporating HACCP and related pre-requisite programmes in the seafood processors in the Sultanate of Oman. A survey, using qualitative surveys and interviews, was conducted out to verify the level of implementation of the seafood safety and quality requirements. A total of 22 (92% returned) HACCP processors, and 15 (83% returned) non-HACCP processors and 15 (75%) officials completed the questionnaires. Differences between processors operating with or without a HACCP system in place have been identified. The survey of local officials provided an additional perspective on the issues involved. The implications of handling practices in the seafood supply chain, seafood trade and the cost implications of implementing HACCP-based food safety management systems were also assessed. In comparison to the non-HACCP processors, the results indicated that HACCP firms were more diversified in their export markets and were able to target the more lucrative markets such as EU, Japan and America. However, the processors felt that the main barrier for exporting to these markets was the restriction imposed by the government on exporting certain species which reduced their ability to meet contracts with these countries. The study has also shown inadequate execution of prerequisite programmes due mainly to lack of training delivered to food handlers and a poor knowledge of food safety concepts. In particular there is an overreliance on the use of CCPs to control hazards when prerequisite programmes would be more appropriate is many situations. When considering whether to implement HACCP-based control systems, the seafood processors identified barriers linked to costs as their main concerns. However, whilst recognising this issue, the officials also highlighted barriers linked to the lack of expertise, skills and commitment of the staff. In general, the study highlighted significant gaps which undermine the effectiveness and success of implementing safety and quality requirements to meet national legislative obligations. These include: poor attitudes and understanding toward HACCP and its pre-requisite programmes, lenient enforcement by the authorities, the lack of training and consultancy organizations in the country, a lack of awareness. The overlapping structure of the regulatory authorities in the country and the distribution of national inspection resources have also been identified as an issue of concern

Analisis Strategi Kontra Terorisme Swedia Dalam Menghadapi Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS)

This article discusses an analysis of the Swedish Counterterrorism Strategy in dealing with ISIS. Sweden has become one of the countries in the European region that has an open policy for refugees. However, Sweden's opening up to asylum seekers has had a number of negative impacts. Therefore in 2015, Sweden issued a new policy to limit arriving refugees or immigrants. This is also based on the increasing threat of terrorism. The terrorism that Sweden faces is on a large scale that threatens the country's stability and security. Using the concept of Counter-Terrorism, this paper tries to explain that Counter-Terrorism efforts are a precaution to combat Terrorism. Departing from this, this study seeks to analyze Sweden's Counter-terrorism Strategy in dealing with ISIS. Through this type of research that is descriptive in nature with the use of literature studies as a data collection technique, this study found that Swedish Counter-Terrorism received a lot of criticism and was considered weak by researchers and experts. However, researchers found that there are five strategies from Sweden's Counter Terrorism that can help fight terrorism, which include law enforcement, deradicalization, use of intelligence, strengthening terrorism institutions, and conducting international and regional cooperation

Rangkap Jabatan Presiden sebagai Ketua Partai Politik dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia

Dual position of president as the head of a political party is the practice ofgovernance that has existed since the early days of Indonesian independence.President prohibition setting for concurrent positions in any public office has actuallybeen set explicitly in the constitution of RIS and the Provisional Constitution 1950.But such arrangements are no longer contained in the application of the Consitution1945. Government system Indonesian is now a presidential system. If the presidentdoubled as head political party, that would result in the instability goverment. Besidesee where political parties are dysfunctional resulting in worsening theimplementation of the wheels of government and no longer in accordance with thegeneral principles of good governance. So that the necessary rules for the presidentialban concurrently. Therefore required political study of law by law makers toduplicate the legal establishment of the post the president who poured into the law

A viral CTL escape mutation leading to immunoglobulin-like transcript 4-mediated functional inhibition of myelomonocytic cells

Viral mutational escape can reduce or abrogate recognition by the T cell receptor (TCR) of virus-specific CD8+ T cells. However, very little is known about the impact of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope mutations on interactions between peptide–major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I complexes and MHC class I receptors expressed on other cell types. Here, we analyzed a variant of the immunodominant human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B2705–restricted HIV-1 Gag KK10 epitope (KRWIILGLNK) with an L to M amino acid substitution at position 6 (L6M), which arises as a CTL escape variant after primary infection but is sufficiently immunogenic to elicit a secondary, de novo HIV-1–specific CD8+ T cell response with an alternative TCR repertoire in chronic infection. In addition to altering recognition by HIV-1–specific CD8+ T cells, the HLA-B2705–KK10 L6M complex also exhibits substantially increased binding to the immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT) receptor 4, an inhibitory MHC class I–specific receptor expressed on myelomonocytic cells. Binding of the B2705–KK10 L6M complex to ILT4 leads to a tolerogenic phenotype of myelomonocytic cells with lower surface expression of dendritic cell (DC) maturation markers and co-stimulatory molecules. These data suggest a link between CTL-driven mutational escape, altered recognition by innate MHC class I receptors on myelomonocytic cells, and functional impairment of DCs, and thus provide important new insight into biological consequences of viral sequence diversificatio