Doprava a udržitelný rozvoj

The aim of this thesis is to align the role of transportation together with sustainable development to achieve sustainable transportation. Sustainable transportation aims to provide better and healthier ways of meeting individual and community needs while reducing the environment and social impacts of current mobility practise. Negative impacts on environment, economic growth and social equity have led to governments and other organisations to come up with policies and strategies to improve current unsustainable situation such as: traffic congestion, air pollution, climate change, transport cost, accessibility etc.. Transportation is a non-separable part of society, which is why working toward a sustainable future in transportation should be a responsibility of everyone.Cílem této diplomové práce je zarovnat roli dopravy spolu s udržitelným rozvojem k dosažení udržitelné dopravy. Udržitelné dopravy si klade za cíl poskytovat lepší a zdravější způsoby uspokojování potřeb jednotlivce a společenství zároveň snižuje životní prostředí a sociální dopady současné praxe mobilitu. Negativní dopady na životní prostředí, hospodářský růst a sociální spravedlnosti vedl k vládám a další organizace přijít s politiky a strategie ke zlepšení současné neudržitelné situaci jako například: dopravní zácpy, znečištění ovzduší, klimatické změny, nákladů na dopravu, přístupnosti atd.. Doprava je bez oddělitelná část společnosti, která je proto pracovní směrem k udržitelné budoucnosti v dopravě by měla být odpovědnost každého.Katedra dopravního managementu, marketingu a logistikyProblematiku řešenou ve své bakalářské práci dokázala studentka odpovídajícím způsobem obhájit. Prokázala schopnost samostatné práce. Na doplňkové otázky reagovala pohotově, se znalostí věci a bez závažných nepřesností je zodpověděla

The Institutionalization of Genocidal Leadership: Pol Pot and a Cambodian Dystopia

© 2015 University of Phoenix. Misleadership is defined as leadership process involving a complex interplay of leader, follower, and situational elements, inscribing a vicious circle of intensifying dysfunctional action. It is tempting to see misleadership as the result of the madness of one leader. It is also misleading. Leadership research has been insufficiently attentive to misleadership and, in particular, to the misleadership factors intervening in genocidal processes. Discussed in the current article are the antecedents and the rule of the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia in the 1970s as an extreme case of misleadership. Lessons from the Polpotist dystopia are derived and reflections on possible contra-strategies are presented. In particular, it is suggested that it is necessary to distinguish measures for social change that are admissible and positive, from negative utopian visions that are negative, inadmissible, and facilitative of evil leadership

Organizational zemblanity

© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. We introduce the concept of zemblanity to organization studies to refer to the enactment of disaster when, in systems designed to impede risk, key actors nonetheless construct their own misfortune. The case of the Costa Concordia provides an opportunity to discuss organizational zemblanity. Active as well as passive behaviours by the Costa Concordia's Captain created a vicious circle of inappropriate decision-making with traumatic effects. These were complemented by structural elements to be found both in the individual behaviours of others (mainly, the vessel's first line of command) and the lack of other effective organizational controls, both in terms of structures and routines. As our discussion illuminates, there are two overarching elements in play: an excess of individual discretion and a lack of proper organizational controls. We go on to consider the significant implications for both theory and practice that flow from our analysis

An institutional palimpsest? The case of Cambodia’s political order, 1970 and beyond

© 2015 Taylor & Francis. How do continuity and change coexist and coevolve? How does continuity enable change and change reinforce continuity? These are central questions in organizational and political research, as organizational and institutional systems benefit from the presence of both reproduction and transformation. However, the relation between the processes of change and continuity still raises significant questions. To contribute to this discussion, we analyse the coexistence of deep institutional continuity and radical political change in the second half of twentieth-century Cambodia. Over a two-decade period, Cambodia was ruled by radically different political systems of organization: a traditional monarchy with feudal characteristics, a failing republic, a totalitarian communist regime, and a Vietnamese protectorate, before being governed by the UN and finally becoming a constitutional monarchy. We use an historical approach to study how a succession of radical changes may in reality signal deep lines of continuity

Dissipation of Magnetohydrodynamic Waves on Energetic Particles: Impact on Interstellar Turbulence and Cosmic Ray Transport

The physical processes involved in diffusion of Galactic cosmic rays in the interstellar medium are addressed. We study the possibility that the nonlinear MHD cascade sets the power-law spectrum of turbulence which scatters charged energetic particles. We find that the dissipation of waves due to the resonant interaction with cosmic ray particles may terminate the Kraichnan-type cascade below wavelengths 10^13 cm. The effect of this wave dissipation has been incorporated in the GALPROP numerical propagation code in order to asses the impact on measurable astrophysical data. The energy-dependence of the cosmic-ray diffusion coefficient found in the resulting self-consistent model may explain the peaks in the secondary to primary nuclei ratios observed at about 1 GeV/nucleon.Comment: 15 pages, 20 figures, 1 table, emulateapj.cls; To be published in ApJ 10 May 2006, v.64

Does influenza A infection increase oxidative damage?

Considerable data implicate oxidative damage in influenza pathogenesis. We examined temporal changes in oxidative damage using accurate biomarkers in an adult cohort with acute influenza infection and their relationships with clinical parameters. Clinical information and blood samples were collected during their acute illness and 3 months later. A fatigue questionnaire was administered 3 months following influenza infection. Thirty-five patients (mean age, 34 years) with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed influenza A infection were included; all patients returned for follow-up assessments. Adjusted levels of plasma F2-isoprostanes, total hydroxyeicosatetraenoic products (HETEs), 7beta-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol, serum gamma-glutamyltransferase, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were increased during the acute illness compared with age-matched controls. Despite clinical recovery, levels of these biomarkers remained higher at month 3 compared with controls. A proportion of patients had persistent symptoms such as fatigue (23%), myalgia (14%), and arthralgia (11%) at month 3. Patients with significant fatigue had higher baseline levels of plasma F2-isoprostanes, F4-neuroprostanes, and total HETEs compared to those without fatigue. By contrast, patients with persistent arthralgia and myalgia had higher baseline levels of serum hsCRP compared to those without these symptoms. Our observations lead to the hypothesis that oxidative damage participates in the pathogenesis of influenza infection and postinfectious fatigue.published_or_final_versio

The knowledge of basic genetic terms and available terminology in the South African Sotho languages

The use of indigenous terms during a genetic counselling session has the potential to foster a better understanding between a genetic counsellor and patient. However, it is unknown if there are specific terms for commonly used English genetic terminology in the South African indigenous languages. Furthermore, the genetic terms, knowledge and understanding of basic genetic concepts in the indigenous populations is not well-documented in the South African population. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and understanding of basic genetic terms in the indigenous South African Sotho-Pedi-Tswana ethnolinguistic group and to explore the available common terms, sayings, and expressions. This study employed a sociolinguistic qualitative descriptive research design to investigate the study aim. Data was collected using interviews through three focus group discussions. The total number of participants was 16 Sesotho language group speakers comprising of 3 males and 13 females from a mixture of both rural and suburban areas. All participants were enrolled as students at University of Cape Town in non-health science and non-science faculties. Content analysis was used to extract the available terms and phrases used to describe genetics and inheritance concepts. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data from the verbatim transcripts according to three main categories: (1) terms and concepts, (2) understanding of genetic terms and (3) terminology usage. The findings reveal that there are terms and expressions available for commonly used genetic concepts and conditions commonly seen in genetic counselling. These include terminology for genetic conditions such as albinism and concepts such as inheritance and consanguinity. Participants highlighted how and when specific terms are used in their home languages and which terms were found to be offensive. Contrary to English, the Sotho-Pedi-Tswana language, like other indigenous South African languages, use more descriptive language to describe concepts. In conclusion, this study has shown that there are genetic terms or phrases that are used for common English genetic terminology in the Sotho language group. Furthermore, there is a basic understanding of genetics within their communities which genetic counsellors can use as a basis when counselling. Common genetic terminology in South African indigenous languages can be included in genetic counselling sessions to reduce communication barriers, increase rapport and minimize the need for a translator while maintaining multicultural sensitivity

Characteristics and serotype distribution of childhood cases of invasive pneumococcal disease following pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in England and Wales, 2006-14

Background The 7-valent (PCV7) and 13-valent (PCV13) pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are highly effective in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by vaccine serotypes. Vaccine failure (vaccine-type IPD after age-appropriate immunisation) is rare. Little is known about the risk, clinical characteristics or outcomes of PCV13 compared to PCV7 vaccine failure. Methods Public Health England conducts IPD surveillance and provides a national reference service for serotyping pneumococcal isolates in England and Wales. We compared the epidemiology, rates, risk factors, serotype distribution, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of IPD in children with PCV13 and PCV7 vaccine failure. Results A total of 163 episodes of PCV failure were confirmed in 161 children over eight years (04 September 2006 to 03 September 2014) in ten birth cohorts. After three vaccine doses, PCV7 and PCV13 failure rates were 0.19/100,000 (95% CI, 0.10-0.33; 57 cases) and 0.66/100,000 (95% CI, 0.44-0.99; 104 cases) vaccinated person-years, respectively. Children with PCV13 failure were more likely to be healthy (87/105 [82.9%] vs. 37/56 [66.1%]; P=0.02), present with bacteremic lower respiratory tract infection (61/105 [58.1%] vs. 11/56 [19.6%]; P<0.001) and develop empyema (41/61 [67.2%] vs. 1/11 [9.1%]; P<0.001) compared to PCV7 failures. Serotypes 3 (n=38, 36.2%) and 19A (n=30, 28.6%) were responsible for most PCV13 failures. Five children died (3.1%; 95% CI, 1.0-7.1%), including four with co-morbidities. Conclusions PCV failure is rare and, compared to PCV7 serotypes, the additional PCV13 serotypes are more likely to cause bacteremic lower respiratory tract infection and empyema in healthy vaccinated children

Discovery of GeV Emission from the Circinus galaxy with the Fermi-LAT

We report the discovery of gamma-ray emission from the Circinus galaxy using the Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Circinus is a nearby (~4 Mpc) starburst with a heavily obscured Seyfert-type active nucleus, bipolar radio lobes perpendicular to the spiral disk, and kpc-scale jet-like structures. Our analysis of 0.1-100 GeV events collected during 4 years of LAT observations reveals a significant (~ 7.3 sigma) excess above the background. We find no indications of variability or spatial extension beyond the LAT point-spread function. A power-law model used to describe the 0.1-100 GeV gamma-ray spectrum yields a flux of (18.8+/-5.8)x10^{-9} ph cm^{-2} s^{-1} and photon index 2.19+/-0.12, corresponding to an isotropic gamma-ray luminosity of 3 x 10^{40} erg s^{-1}. This observed gamma-ray luminosity exceeds the luminosity expected from cosmic-ray interactions in the interstellar medium and inverse Compton radiation from the radio lobes. Thus the origin of the GeV excess requires further investigation.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa