Evaluation of Durum Wheat Genotypes for Grain Yield in Southern Tigray, Ethiopia

An experiment was conducted with the objective of assessing the seasonal adaptation and grain yield stability of durum wheat genotype in ofla district. In this trial, twelve durum wheat genotypes were evaluated in three consecutive cropping seasons during 2011-2013.The trial was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replication . The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that there was significant difference (P< 0.05) for genotype and genotype by season interaction. The genotypes captured (34.5%) sum of square implying the presence large differentia in the durum wheat genotypes. Using the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction biplot analysis and additive main effect and multiplicative interaction stability value, the genotypes Yerer and Kokate were with higher grain yield and stable in performance across seasons. The genotypes Tate and Local were unstable genotypes contributing more to the increased magnitude genotype by season interaction. Keywords: AMMI, ASV, Durum Wheat, Seaso

GGE Bi Plot Analysis of Genotype X Environment Interaction and Grain Yield Stability of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes in Ethiopia

There is limitation of information on G x EI of bread wheat genotypes in Ethiopia. The study cried out with objectives to estimate Genotype x Environment interaction and stability of bread wheat genotypes in Ethiopia. Thirty Bread wheat genotypes were evaluated by Alpha lattice design using three replications at eight locations in Ethiopia. The mean grain yield of genotypes across environments was 4.53 ton ha-1. Bread wheat grain yield was significantly affected by the E, G and G x E interaction. Environment, G x E interaction and genotype explained 45.59%, 25.37% and 2.59% of the total (G + E + GEI) variation respectively. Genotype ETBW71942 (3), ETBW7038 (9), ETBW8511 (1) and ETBW8512 (14) were considered specifically adapted. Considering simultaneously yield and stability, Genotype ETBW7871 (15), ETBW7058 (11), ETBW8513 (16) and ETBW7101 (25) showed the best performances. Keywords: genotype; environment; genotype x environment interaction; Stability

Field Response of Wheat Genotypes to Septoria Tritici Blotch In Tigray, Ethiopia

Septoria tritici blotch is an economically important foliar disease in the major wheat-growing areas of Ethiopia. Genetic resistance remains the first line of defense against this foliar disease, especially in developing countries for resource poor farmers and the most environmentally friendly and profitable strategy for commercial farmers. Hence, screening of host plant resistance against Septoria tritici blotch was the prime objective this study. A total of 200 bread wheat lines, commercial and candidates of bread and durum varieties were included in the evaluation. The study revealed that none of the genotypes were immune. The majority (75.5%) of the wheat genotypes were vulnerable to the disease and classified as susceptible to highly susceptible infection response. About 12% of the genotypes were moderately susceptible. The remaining limited genotypes (12.5%) were within the range of highly to moderately resistant. Therefore, incorporating of host plant resistant (gene pyramiding) in breeding programme could be utmost important for narrowing the potential and actual yield gabs along with study of pathogen structure. Key words: Bread, Durum, Genotype, Septoria tritici blotch, Whea

Adaptation of Tef {Eragrostistef(Zucc) Trotter} Varieties for Early Maturing Types in Tigray

Tef is the most important and wider adaptable cereal crop in Ethiopia. The most limiting tef productions are low yielding cultivars, biotic such as pest and diseases and abiotic such as drought, fertility depletion and inappropriate agronomic practice and difficulty nature of tef for mechanization. The objective of the study was to evaluate the adaptability of early maturing tef varieties. Tef varieties were evaluated for their earliness and adaptability at three locations and over two years. The trial included 8 varieties and one local check with the design of RCBD in three replications. The analysis of variance showed that there was significant difference (P<-0.001) between genotypes and locations for the days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, panicle length, grain yield and (P<-0.05) for biomass yield. However, it does not provide evidence for interaction between the varieties and locations on all traits except for days to maturity. Simada was early maturing and well performing, following Boset. Therefore, cultivation of both varieties enhances the production of tef in the study areas and similar agro-ecologies. Allocation of varieties to their niche might increase the productivity of tef. In general, evaluation tef varieties in the right place and development of target variety for earliness and yield performance increase production in the region as well as the nation. Further work needed breeding to develop drought tolerant and higher yielding

Adaptation of Tef {Eragrostistef(Zucc) Trotter} Varieties for Early Maturing Types in Tigray

Tef is the most important and wider adaptable cereal crop in Ethiopia. The most limiting tef productions are low yielding cultivars, biotic such as pest and diseases and abiotic such as drought, fertility depletion and inappropriate agronomic practice and difficulty nature of tef for mechanization. The objective of the study was to evaluate the adaptability of early maturing tef varieties. Tef varieties were evaluated for their earliness and adaptability at three locations and over two years. The trial included 8 varieties and one local check with the design of RCBD in three replications. The analysis of variance showed that there was significant difference (P&lt;-0.001) between genotypes and locations for the days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, panicle length, grain yield and (P&lt;-0.05) for biomass yield. However, it does not provide evidence for interaction between the varieties and locations on all traits except for days to maturity. Simada was early maturing and well performing, following Boset. Therefore, cultivation of both varieties enhances the production of tef in the study areas and similar agro-ecologies. Allocation of varieties to their niche might increase the productivity of tef. In general, evaluation tef varieties in the right place and development of target variety for earliness and yield performance increase production in the region as well as the nation. Further work needed breeding to develop drought tolerant and higher yielding. </jats:p