Colour Vision Deficiency and Consanguinity in Pakistani Pukhtoon Population

Background: Color vision deficiency is an X-linked recessive condition. This is more common among males as compared to females. This inherit from maternal grandfather to grandson usually. This study was aimed to find prevalence of color vision deficiency and consanguinity in Pukhtoon population of Pakistan.Methods: Three hundred and fourteen (314) high school individuals of both genders were screened for color vision deficiency using pseudoisochromatic Ishihara Plates. Consanguinity of parents were also recorded. Frequency of color vision deficiency over entire sample was used to calculate prevalence. Chi-square is used to see association between color vision deficiency and consanguinity.Result: Prevalence of CVD among males and females were 5.32% and 2.06%. Prevalence of consanguinity among parents of participants were 73.9%.Conclusion: Study showed prevalence of CVD among males as comparable to already reported but among females the rate is relatively higher. Rate of consanguinity among study population is also higher than previously reported ones.Keywords: Color vision deficiency; consanguinity; Pukhtoo

Water: The Elixir of Life

Water is a chemical compound made up of two elements, Hydrogen gas, which is combustible and Oxygen gas, which causes to burn. But the union of two atoms of Hydrogen and one atom of Oxygen results in a colourless and odourless liquid, known as water, which extinguish fire.</jats:p

COVID-19 and our DNA

On December 31st 2019, Chinese Health Authorities in Wuhan city of their Hubei province, diagnosed 29 pneumonia cases of unknown etiology and informed WHO (World Health Organization). The unknown virus resembled SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), that occurred in China in November 2002, caused by a novel corona virus spilling over from an animal reservoir and transmitted by respiratory droplets. More than 8000 cases and 774 deaths were caused by SARS and circa US$20 billion coasted for its control

COVID-19 and our DNA

On December 31st 2019, Chinese Health Authorities in Wuhan city of their Hubei province, diagnosed 29 pneumonia cases of unknown etiology and informed WHO (World Health Organization). The unknown virus resembled SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), that occurred in China in November 2002, caused by a novel corona virus spilling over from an animal reservoir and transmitted by respiratory droplets. More than 8000 cases and 774 deaths were caused by SARS and circa US$20 billion coasted for its control.</jats:p

Three Years of TIJFS: Observations, Current Practices and Future Perspective

The International Journal of Frontier Sciences just completed its three years of publication. Start of a journal is always challenging for editors especially if journal is not an official publication of some institute or professional society. However, completing three years also has been a very learning experience for editorial team.&#x0D; From the start, TIJFS team is focused to catch indexation in EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. However, starting years of the journal are always challenging. Journal editors are continuously improving practices to achieve these milestones at earliest. In scope, journal is transdisciplinary mainly covering life and environmental sciences. Starting from Pakistan, it was very difficult to run an internationally covered journal, however, our international editorial team putting its continuous efforts to do this. In last year, journal started its indexing process and just became a part of WHO’s Index Medicus. Also, editors started to generate digital object identifiers (DOIs) of all manuscripts published. Currently, journal is in process of indexation in prestigious international bodies including Web of Science etc. Journal editors hope to be a part of many international indices during the current volume year. Also, its worth to mention that journal is following ethical guidelines by Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials, Committee of Publication Ethics, International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and World Association of Medical Editors.&#x0D; Current volume contains original articles, clinical audit and a report covering broad spectrum domains of life sciences especially medical science including topics of clinical chemistry, dentistry, gynaecology, neurosurgery, nutrition, pain medicine, public health, rehabilitation, sleep medicine, surgery and virology.</jats:p