Seroprevalence, Risk Factors and Molecular Identification of Brucella Spp. in Small Ruminant Population in Punjab Province of Pakistan: [Preprint]

In this cross-sectional study, a multistage sampling technique was used to estimate the seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in small ruminant (sheep and goats) populations of Punjab, Pakistan. It was also aimed to identify and differentiate Brucella species from serum samples of sheep and goats. A total of 1783 serum samples from 219 holding premises of small ruminants across three districts (Chakwal, Dera Ghazi Khan, and Jhang) of Punjab province were collected and subjected to RBT and commercially available indirect ELISA kits with a simultaneous screening approach. The flock-based seroprevalence was estimated as 9.13% (95% CI: 5.9-13.7) with a statistically higher prevalence of 17.5% (95% CI: 10.0-28.6) in flocks with ≥50 animals, and linear regression model showed the significant linear association (F= 5.74; p= 0.01) between number of animals in a flock and seroprevalence. At the animal level, the apparent seroprevalence was estimated as 0.6% (CI 95%: 0.3-1.1) by RBT and 2.0% (CI 95%: 1.5-2.8) by the ELISA test. Based on the ELISA test, the true prevalence of brucellosis at the animal level was calculated as 1.6% (CI 95%: 1.0-2.3). The results from the logistic regression model showed that animal pregnancy status and abortion history are associated with brucellosis and have significantly higher odds ratios of 3.04 (95% CI, 1.31-7.03) and 2.71 (95% CI, 1.23-5.95) respectively. The geographical distribution of brucellosis was limited to some villages with intra-cluster/flock coefficient ICC (ρ) of 0.26 in small ruminant flocks. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) identified brucella genus-specific and B. abortus DNA from serum samples with none of the samples positive for B. melitensis. The parallel interpretation of screening tests found agreement between RBT and ELISA tests at a fair level (kappa: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.20-0.55). The study contributed to the existing epidemiological information on brucellosis in small ruminants

Importance of Social Psychology in the Society

ABSTRAC

Sero-epidemiological and haematological studies on toxoplasmosis in cats,dogs and their owners in Lahore, Pakistan

application/pdfThe current study was conducted to find out the epidemiological status of toxoplasmosis in cats, dogs and human population in Lahore city of Pakistan and to determine the possibility of transmission of toxoplasmosis from cats and dogs to their owners. Overall 56% cats were seropositive for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. Stray cats had the high prevalence (64%) followed by domestic cats (48%). The highest prevalence (71%) was detected in cat in the 7 year or above age group. The seropositivity percentage of toxoplasmosis was highest in local breeds of the cats (64%). Overall 39% dogs were seropositive for anti- Toxoplasma antibodies. Stray dogs had the high prevalence (50%) than the domestic dogs (28%). The highest prevalence of toxoplasmosis (45.9%) was recorded in dogs of age group of >1-3 years. Dogs having access to house as well as yard has the highest prevalence (40%). Overall 22% human were seropositive for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. The highest seropositivity was observed in cat owners (32%) followed by dog owners (26%), UVAS employees (20%), and the lowest seropositivity (14%) was observed in people having no contact with dogs and cats. There was decrease in haemoglobin level of cats, dogs and human positive for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies.journal articl

Prevalence of Sleep Paralysis in the Medical Students of a Local Medical College

Abstract Objective: To find out the prevalence of sleep paralysis among the medical students of a local Pakistani medical college. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 107 medical students from, Karachi Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Karachi, Pakistan. Non-probability Convenient Sampling Technique was utilized for this study. Students suffering from any psychiatric illness were excluded from this study. The study was performed after taking permission from the Institutional Ethical Review Committee. Written informed consent was taken from all the students. The data were collected using a pretested predesigned Questionnaire which was consisted of 10 questions related to the common10 happening and symptoms of sleep paralysis. Data were recorded in the form of frequency and percentages and analyzed using SPSS 24. Results: 52% (56 out of 107) participants have had an experience of sleep paralysis. Most of the participants (76.6%) described their experience as an Inability to move. Frequency of experience ranged from 0 to 20 times in the last year. Age at first experience ranged between 10-20 years. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of sleep paralysis (47.2%) among the medical students at a local Pakistani medical college. Majority of the students experienced the phenomenon multiple times in their life. The students associated the symptoms the factors such as academic stress, anxiety, workload, emotional experiences, sleep deprivation, work routine, sleep pattern, sleep deprivation, fatigue, mental disturbance, studies and routine stress. 37.3% of the students also related the phenomenon to their position of sleep (lying on back). The participants described the experience as a source of great distress. Sleep paralysis needs to be studied, investigated and addressed in context of mental health of the students

Socio-Economic Causes of Child Labor in Domestic Work: A Study of Sukkur City

The study was conducted in Sukkur city. The data for ongoing study was collected through convenience sampling method. It is an exploratory research with quantitative analysis. Samples were consisted on 150 female child domestic workers. The age of respondents is between 1

AWARENESS REGARDING CYBER VICTIMIZATION AMONG STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO

ABSTRAC

Muhammad Abdullah Avais' Quick Files

The Quick Files feature was discontinued and it’s files were migrated into this Project on March 11, 2022. The file URL’s will still resolve properly, and the Quick Files logs are available in the Project’s Recent Activity

Muhammad Abdullah Avais' Quick Files

The Quick Files feature was discontinued and it’s files were migrated into this Project on March 11, 2022. The file URL’s will still resolve properly, and the Quick Files logs are available in the Project’s Recent Activity