Strategi Bertahan Hidup Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL)

Indonesian development policy which tends to focus on the growth model has implied on the high concentration of city development. Cities, in fact, fially become spaces where city dwellers and city new comers tightly complete each other to grab the available capital. The qualifid new comers who possess good competence are able to survive in the city. Those people will be able to enjoy the delicious economic cakes which are abundantly scattered. However, the incompetent new comers may only taste the remnants of the economic cake. That is the most rational choice for the incompetent. According to Max Weber, this phenomenon shows an instrumental social action. It means that the measurement ofprofi and loss has been the most important part of their actions. Indeed, most of the new comers do not have special competence. They only depend on their physical strength in order to survive. In Karl Marx\u27s terminology, an individual who does not possess an ability to control the production factors (for example: natural resources, human resources, capital) will only depend on their body (physical strength) in order to survive. Therefore the informal sectors become the most rational choice. Hence street vendors, construction workers, parking attendants and other informal jobs have been the common views in the cities. This paper is trying to portray one of the informal sectors in the cities namely street vendors. Their survival strategy in the competitive city life is a point of view which is being explained and focused in this paper

Molecular Simulations of the Ribosome and Associated Translation Factors

The ribosome is a macromolecular complex which is responsible for protein synthesis in all living cells according to their transcribed genetic information. Using X-ray crystallography and, more recently, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), the structure of the ribosome was resolved at atomic resolution in many functional and conformational states. Molecular dynamics simulations have added information on dynamics and energetics to the available structural information, thereby have bridged the gap to the kinetics obtained from single-molecule and bulk experiments. Here, we review recent computational studies that brought notable insights into ribosomal structure and function.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Current Opinion in Structural Biolog

Who Supports the ECB? Evidence from Eurobarometer Survey Data

This paper addresses empirically the still debated issue of the legitimacy of the European Central Bank (ECB) with regard to European polities, presenting evidence on public opinion support for the ECB as elicited from responses in the recent waves of the Eurobarometer survey. We employ a rich set of potential determinants, combining macroeconomic and socio-demographic data in logistic regressions, to explain trust in the ECB. We find that people with higher level of income and education and centre to right-wing political orientation tend to support the ECB, as well as people with optimistic expectations on the economic situation. Moreover, our results indicate that socio-demographic determinants of trust in the ECB dominate macroeconomic ones, in particular inflation performance, by a considerable margin of magnitude and in a quite robust way. The policy relevance of such results is important for ECB’s communication strategy with the EU public, especially in the years ahead of likely reforms of the European Monetary Union (EMU).European Central Bank, communication, legitimacy, determinants of trust, Eurobarometer survey, logistic regression

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTEXTAL TEACHING AND LEARNING IN TEACHING WRITING RECOUNT TEXT TO THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMPN 2 GREGED CIREBON

MUHAMMAD TURMUDZI HAYAT: “THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING IN TEACHING WRITING RECOUNT TEXT TO THE EIGHT GRADE STUDENTS OF SMPN 2 GREGED CIREBON”. Writing is producing something in written form so that people can read, perform and used it. It means that in teaching writing the teacher reinforces students to produce something in written form so that people can read it. In producing written well, the students can not do it by themselves, but they should do through a process in teaching and learning. This research is about improving students’ recount text writing by using contextual teaching and learning (CTL) approach. In the process of writing, sometimes the students make mistakes. For example the students are difficult to get ideas in written form. So the teacher thinks to find a good technique to solve the problem. The aims of the research are to know the students ability in writing recount text, to know the aspect of writing methods in implementing contextual teaching and learning and the benefits of using contextual teaching and learning approach. This study used descriptive qualitative research method in answering the research problems. Qualitative research is descriptive in that the researcher is interested in process, meaning and understanding gained through words or utterances. The result of this study, the students showed a good progress in their writing, beside that they could increase their writing ability and they can construct a neat recount text, namely the grammatical improvement from students in writing class. There were some aspects of teaching method in implementing contextual teaching and learning which the writer used, they are: relating, experiencing, applying, cooperating and transferring. Those teaching method were beneficial in implementing contextual teaching and learning to teaching writing recount text, such as: (1) engaging students in the activity, (2) increasing students’ motivation, (3) helping students to construct their recount text writing, (4) helping students to solve their problem, (5) providing ways for students to discuss or interact with their friends, (6) and helping the students to summarize and reflect the lesson

ANALISIS FINANSIAL TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT KONVERSI MENJADI TANAMAN KARET PADA KEBUN KARANG INONG KERJASAMA OPERASI PTPN-I DAN PTPN-III KECAMATAN RANTO PEUREULAK, KABUPATEN ACEH TIMUR

ANALISIS FINANSIAL TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT KONVERSI MENJADI TANAMAN KARET PADA KEBUN KARANG INONG KERJASAMA OPERASI PTPN-I DAN PTPN-III KECAMATAN RANTO PEUREULAK, KABUPATEN ACEH TIMURMuhammad Syafri Al Hayat/Agribisnis/Universitas Syiah KualaABSTRAKPembangunan pertanian subsektor perkebunan memiliki arti penting terutama di Negara berkembang yang selalu berupaya untuk memanfaatkan kekayaan sumber daya alam secara lestari dan berkelanjutan. Kerjasama operasi (KSO) PTPN-I dan PTPN-III melakukan konversi tanaman kelapa sawit menjadi karet pada kebun karang inong. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kebun karang inong yang terletak di Kecamatan Ranto Peureulak, Kabupaten Aceh Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konversi tanaman kelapa sawit menjadi karet memberikan kenuntungan terhadap kerjasama operasi PTPN-I dan PTPN-III secara finansial. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi kasus (case study) dengan pengamatan langsung kelapangan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan data primer dan data sekunder. Metode analisis pada penelitian ini menggunakan criteria investasi, yaitu Net Present Value (NPV), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Break Event Point (BEP) dan Pay Back Period (PBP). Hasil analisis kriteria investasi menunjukkan bahwa konversi tanaman kelapa sawit menjadi karet memberikan keuntungan bagi perusahaan. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai NPV > 0, yaitu sebesar Rp 5,562,976,634 pada kelapa sawit dan karet sebesar Rp 6,488,239,491. Net B/C > 1 yaitu 3,4 pada kelapa sawit dan 9,8 pada karet, IRR lebih besar dari suku bunga yang berlaku, dan BEP kelapa sawit diperoleh pada tahun ke 10 bulan ke 8 dan BEP karet diperoleh pada tahun ke 10 bulan ke 5. PBP kelapa sawit diperoleh pada tahun ke 10 bulan ke 5 dan PBP karet diperoleh tahun ke 10 bulan ke 2. Kata kunci: Analisis Finansial, Konversi Tanaman Kelapa Sawit dan Karet, Kerjasama Operas

Public Attitudes towards Central Bank Independence: Lessons From the Foundation of the ECB

This study examines public opinion in 15 European countries, on the proposal to establish an independent European Central Bank (ECB). Using data from Euro- barometer surveys for 1998 to 2000, which included a speci c question on this issue, we show that in ation performance is not su cient to explain people's preference for an independent central bank: personal characteristics and circumstances have a stronger impact, with gender, employment status, education level, income quartiles, and degree of information and civic concern showing particular relevance

Audit of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus

To analyze various aspects of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from September 2010 to April 2011. All patients who underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy were included in the study. Data was analyzed on SPSS version sixteen. Results: Total of 59 patients were included in the study. Thirty two patients were male and 27 were female. Most of the patients presented with headache, vomiting and loss of consciousness. The procedure was successful in 69 percent of cases. Common operative complication was minor hemorrhage while postoperatively three patients died because of the fits. Conclusion: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy can be used as an alternative to other diversion procedure. It is safe, less invasive and has got an acceptable success rate

Who Supports the ECB? Evidence from Eurobarometer Survey Data

This paper contributes empirically to the long-debated issue of the legitimacy of the European Central Bank (ECB) with regard to European polities. Using micro-level data from the Eurobarometer survey, we shed light on the socio-demographic determinants of public-opinion support for the ECB. We find that people with higher level of education and income and centre to right-wing political orientation tend to support the ECB, as well as people with optimistic expectations on the economic situation. By contrast, the unemployed tend to distrust the ECB. The policy relevance of such results is important for ECB's communication strategy with the general public