Treatment of food processing industrial wastewater using two stages anaerobic system

The wastewater produced by food manufacturing industry is known for its high concentration of COD and suspended solid. In wastewater treatment, anaerobic process is favorable due to its low cost, biogas production, low sludge production and more. In this study, upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) and hybrid-UASB (HUASB) reactors, were combined with anaerobic filter (AF) bioreactors forming two stages system to treat food processing industry wastewater. This study was focused on the performance of UASB-AF (R1) and HUASB-AF (R2) treatment systems and the granules development. Seed sludge was deposited into HUASB column up to a third of the height. Palm oil shells were then packed into the HUASB (above seed sludge) as well as AF reactors to promote growth of microorganisms. The R1 and R2 systems were operated simultaneously, fed with raw food manufacturing wastewater taken from Azhar Food Manufacturing Factory. Parameters measured to evaluate the performance of the process were pH, COD, NH3-N, oil and grease and total phosphorus. The highest average COD removal efficiency, at 99%, were detected in R1 and R2 systems, both at OLR 10.56 g COD/L.d. Moreover, the presence of aggregated bio particles with diameter ranges from 2.934 to 5.00 mm were observed in both UASB and HUASB reactors. The highest percentage of 2.934 to 5.00 mm diameter granules were 7.6 % and 10.7% in the UASB and HUASB respectively. In addition, the highest removal rate coefficient, k values for UASB and HUASB were 2.1981 and 3.3950, occurred at OLR 8.59 and 10.56 g COD/L.d, respectively. Overall, the k values have proved that HUASB reactor had performed better than UASB reactor

Assessment of Productivity Status Using Carlson’s TSI and Fish Diversity of Goronyo Dam, Sokoto State, Nigeria

Goronyo Dam is the largest lentic waterbody in Sokoto, it was constructed to serve as flood control and used for irrigation activities. The study was conducted to evaluate productivity status and fish diversity of Goronyo Dam in 2016. Water samples were collected monthly from the Dam at two sampling sites (Upstream and Downstream). Water samples were collected using sterilized sampling bottles and analyzed in the Laboratory for physicochemical variables and the diversity of fish was evaluated through the use of a structured questionnaire. Depth and transparency were the only variables that did not show any statistically significant difference between the months. Productivity status of the dam was evaluated using Carlson’s Trophic State Index. The downstream has high TSI value of 16.54 compared to upstream with 13.00. A diversity of fishes from the shows that 3 species were more abundant in the dam, these were; Mormyrops species, Alestes species and Clupeid species. Factors contributed to the survival of fish species were an abundance of water and plankton in the dam. While factors affecting the distribution of fish species were pollution and predation

Development of an AC-DC buck power factor correction

Generally all devise used in industrial, commercial and residential applications need to undergo rectification for their proper functioning and operation. It connected to the non-linear loads which results in production of non-sinusoidal line current. Due to the increasing demand of these devices, the line current non-sinusoidal pose a major problem by degrading the power factor of the system thus affecting the performance of the devices. Hence there is a need to reduce the line current non-sinusoidal so as to improve the power factor of the system and led to designing of Power Factor Correction circuits. Power Factor Correction (PFC) involves two techniques, Active PFC and Passive PFC. In our project work we have designed an active power factor circuit using Buck Converter for improving the power factor. The advantage of using Buck Converter in power factor correction circuits is that better line regulation is obtained with appreciable power factor. Simulation and experimental are conducted to validate the theoretical analysis. The results show that the power factor can be improved

Waqf, Values and the Ulama: Towards Harnessing Philanthropy for Community Uplift in Northern Nigeria

Employing narratives, and analysis of available literature, this exploratory study is limited in scope by the few accounts considered

Evaluation of Physico-Chemical and Fungal Species Associated with Oil Contaminated Soil from Selected Automobile Garage in Sokoto Metropolis

This study was conducted with a view to evaluating the physicochemical and mycological properties of different oil contaminated soils collected from three different automobile garages in Sokoto Metropolis, and uncontaminated soil from the temporary site, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (UDUS) was used as the control. The pH was determined using pH meter model Hanna (H1991301), quantity of mineral elements was evaluated in accordance with Murphy and Fungi were isolated from the three oil contaminated samples (A, B. and C) and the uncontaminated (sample D) as control, this was done by standard procedure using the method of P. Ren, T. Jankun & B. Leaderer. The physical, chemical, and mineral elements from the oil-contaminated soils of the three automobile garages and control. The results of particle soil analysis revealed the high content of sandy soil (96.2 to 87.3) and silt is the lowest with (2.5–0.6). Magnesium had the highest concentration of studied minerals, ranging from 193 to 649.2 mg/kg. while PH result revealed that the soil samples were pH value ranged from (16.85–16.20) in oil Contaminated samples, while the control had 15.90, and electrical conductivity ranged from 12.8–13.8 % and 28 % in control, four fungal isolates Aspergillus sp., Penicillum sp., Mucor sp. and Sporobolomyces sp. were identified based on colonial, sexual and morphological characteristics. These fungal strains can be used in bioremediation process and oil pollution reduction in aquatic ecosystems

Penilaian Sifat-Sifat Fizikal, Nutrisi Dan Organoleptik Roti Dari Tepung Komposit

Penggantian tepung 'wholemeal' dengan tepung kaeang hijau pada paras 25, 50, 75, dan 100% telah dijalankan. Kesan terhadap penggantian tersebut bersama sampel kawalan dikaji segi sifat-sifat fizikal, nutrisi dan organoleptik roti tepung komposit. Penggantian 75% tepung kaeang hijau telah menghasilkan roti yang boleh diterima. Komposisi proksimat, kualiti protein [protein total, protein larut dan tak larut, kebolehadaman protein (in vitro), profil asid amino, nisbah keefisienan protein (PER), nisbah bersih protein (NPR)] dan kualiti gentian [gentian diet total, gentian diet larut dan tidak larut, gentian peluntur neutral, selulosa, hemiselulosa, lignin] dan juga komponen antinutrisi ditentukan dalam roti tepung komposit dan roti kawalan. Parameter fizikal seperti isipadu lof dan isipadu spesifik, berat lof, 'oven spring', analisis profil tekstur juga ditentukan. Substitutions of mungbean flour with wholemeal flour were carried out at 25, 50, 75 and 100% levels. The substituted bread and the control was evaluated for physical, nutritional and sensory attributes. Results showed that the incorporation of 75% mungbean flour to wholemeal flour resulted an acceptable brea:ed. Proximate composition, protein quality [total protein, digested and undigested protein, protein digestibility (in vitro), amino acids profile, protein efficiency ratio (PER), net protein ratio (NPR)] and fibre quality [total dietary fibre, soluble and insoluble dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin] and anti nutritive components were determined in all samples. The physical parameters analysed include oaf volume, specific volume, loaf weight, oven spring and texture profile

common grammatical errors in students‟ writing at MAN 1 Parepare in Academic Year 2013/2014,

This research was designed for a descriptive quantitative research. There were two variables in this research. They were common grammatical errors in students‟ writing and grammatical error comparison among students based on their class level. The population of this research was 141 students that consisted of three levels of classes, namely class X, XI, and XII. Class X consisted of 54 students, class XI consisted of 47 students, and class XII consisted of 40 students. The samples were taken by random technique. There were 30 samples in which each class level was represented by 10 students. The instrument of this research was a writing test. This research used percentage technique to analyze the data. The results of this research showed that (1) From nine types of grammatical errors provided by La Trobe University Handout, there were three types which became the common grammatical errors made by the students in MAN 1 Parepare in academic year 2013/2014. They were singular-plural noun with 39 items (13.31%), vocabulary with 39 items (13.31%), and sentence structure with 39 items (13.31%), (2) Each class level in MAN 1 Parepare in academic year 2013/2014 had different percentage of grammatical errors. Class X made 139 errors or (47.44%). Class XI made 93 errors or (31.74%). Class XII made 61 errors or (20.82%). It showed that the higher class of the students in MAN 1 Parepare, the fewer grammatical errors that they made in their writing test. Key words: Errors, Grammar, Analysis, Writin

KONTRIBUSI PELATIHAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP KARAKTER WIRAUSAHA PESERTA PELATIHAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DI BALAI PELATIHAN KETRANSMIGRASIAN DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN (BPKK) : Studi Pada Dinas Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi Provinsi Jawa Barat

Penelitian ini di latar belakangi oleh adanya pelatihan kewirausahaan di balai pelatihan ketransmigrasian dan kewirausahaan (BPKK). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mengenai kontribusi pelatihan kewirausahaan terhadap karakter wirausaha peserta pelatihan di balai pelatihan ketransmigrasian dan kewirausahaan (BPKK). Dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi dasar teori diantaranya: konsep pelatihan, konsep kewirausahaan, dan konsep Pendidikan Luar Sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode analisis regresi yaitu mengidentifikasi hubungan antar output pelatihan dengan karakter wirausaha peserta pelatihan. Sampel berasal dari peserta pelatihan angkatan 25-27 sebanyak 48 peserta dari total populasi 160 peserta. Pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui dokumentasi, wawancara serta penyebaran angket kepada peserta pelatihan. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji normalitas, uji linieritas. analisis regresi, analisis koefisien korelasi dan analisis koefisien determinasi dengan bantuan SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1. secara umum pelatihan kewirausahaan berkontribusi positif terhadap karakter wirausaha peserta pelatihan. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari perolehan hasil pelatihan kewirausahaan serta latar belakang dilaksanakannya program pelatihan ini yang di sesuaikan dengan kebutuhan masyarakat. 2. Meningkatnya karakter wirausaha peserta pelatihan setelah mengikuti pelatihan kewirausahaan.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini terdapat beberapa saran diantaranya untuk balai pelatihan ketransmigrasian dan kewirausahaan (BPKK) bandung, diperlukan adanya kontrol secara berkala terhadap peserta pelatihan yang telah mengikuti pelatihan kewirausahaan, untuk mengetahui setiap kendala yang dihadapi oleh wirausaha baru terkait pelaksanaan kegiatan kewirausahaan. Untuk pelaksana program diharapkan peran aktifnya dalam pembentukan kerja sama dalam hal permodalan demi membantu para peserta dalam memperoleh bantuan modal, demi membantu kelancaran kegiatan wirausaha bagi peserta pelatihan, dan untuk peneliti selanjutnya agar mengkaji variabel-variabel lain yang dapat berpengaruh dalam peningkatan karakter wirausaha,yang tidak dikaji dalam penelitian ini agar kedepannya kegiatan pelatihan kewirausahaan ini dapat menjadi alternatif dalam peningkatan SDM masyarakat Indonesia. Pada penelitian ini peneliti menyiimpulkan bahwa pelatihan berkontribusi terhadap karakter wirausaha peserta pelatihan kewirausahaan.,---This research is in the background by entrepreneurship training in transmigration and entrepreneurship training center (BPKK). This study aims to analyze the contribution of entrepreneurship training to entrepreneurial character of the participants in the training center of transmigration and entrepreneurship (BPKK). In this study the theoretical basis are: the concept of training, entrepreneurship concept, and the concept of Outside School Education. This research uses quantitative approach with regression analysis method that is identifying relationship between training output with entrepreneurship character of trainee. Samples come from the training participants class of 25-27 as many as 48 participants from the total population of 160 participants. Sampling used in this study using simple random sampling. Data collection is done through documentation, interview and questionnaire to trainees. Data processing is done by using normality test, linearity test. Regression analysis, correlation coefficient analysis and coefficient of determination analysis with the help of SPSS. The results showed that 1. in general entrepreneurship training contributed positively to the entrepreneurship character of the trainees. This can be seen from the acquisition of the results of entrepreneurship training as well as the background of the implementation of this training program in accordance with the needs of the community. 2. Increasing the entrepreneurship character of the trainees after attending entrepreneurship training. Based on the results of this research there are several suggestions such as for transmigration and entrepreneurship training center (BPKK) bandung, it is necessary to control regularly to trainees who have attended entrepreneurship training, to know every obstacle that Faced by new entrepreneurs related to the implementation of entrepreneurial activities. For the executor of the program is expected to active role in the establishment of cooperation in terms of capital in order to help the participants in obtaining capital assistance, in order to help the smoothness of entrepreneurial activities for trainees, and for further researchers to examine other variables that can affect the improvement of entrepreneurial character Not studied in this research so that the future of entrepreneurship training activities can be an alternative in improving the human resources of Indonesian society. And finally in this research we can conclude that the training contribute to entrepreneurship entrepreneurship entrepreneurship character