An assessment of the Class-room Management Skills of Departmental Promotee among the Online &PSC Selectee Secondary School Science Teachers in District Dera Ismail Khan

The study in hand was conducted to compare the management skills of Departmental Promotee, Online and PSC Selectee Secondary School Science Teachers (SSSTs) in District Dera Ismail Khan. The major objective of the study was to assess the classroom management skills of Departmental Promotee, Online and Public Service Commission selectee Secondary School Science Teachers. The gender and location as demographic variables were also investigated.All the male and female of 9th class science students and Secondary School Science Teachers (SSSTs) working at GHS &GHSS of district DIKhan constitute the population of study. A sample of 25 Promotee, 25 online and 25 PSC selectee SSSTs was taken. Only those schools were selected in the sample where all three types of SSSTs were working simultaneously. 04 students for each promotee, Online and PSC selectee SSST were selected by random sampling technique. In order to get the opinion of the students about the performance of their science teachers, 5-point Likert rating scale was developed. TheCronbasch alpha reliability of the scale was0.86. In order to compare the significance difference between the means of three groups of Science Teachers, ANOVA and Tukey Test were used as statistical technique. The mean difference between male and female, rural and urban was analyzed by using the t-test. The result shows that the management skill of Departmental Promote Secondary School Science Teachers was better than the Online and public service commission selectee teachers. The results further show that there was no significant difference between the management skills of male and female and rural and urban SST’s. Keywords:Class-Room Management Skills, Departmental Promotees, Online & PSC Selectee Secondary School Science Teachers, Dera Ismail Kha

Hepatitis B and C: prevalence and risk factors associated with seropositivity among children in Karachi, Pakistan

Background Infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) can lead to chronic liver disease and hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC). This cross-sectional study estimated the prevalence and identified risk factors associated with Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HCV antibody (anti-HCV) sero-positivity among children 1 to 15 years of age. Methods The study targeted the low to middle socioeconomic population that comprises 80% to 85% of the population. Consent was obtained from parents of the eligible children before administering questionnaire and collected a blood sample for anti-HCV and HBsAg serology. Results 3533 children were screened for HBsAg and anti-HCV. 1826 (52 %) were males. 65 (1.8 %) were positive for HBsAg, male to female ratio 38:27; mean age 10 ± 4 years. 55 (1.6 %) were positive for anti-HCV with a mean age 9 ± 4 years. 3 (0.11%) boys were positive for both HBsAg and anti-HCV. The overall infection rate was 3.3 % in the studied population. Hepatitis BsAg was more prevalent in subjects who received therapeutic injections 45 (69.2%) positive [Odd Ratio OR = 2.2; 95% Confidence interval CI: 1.3–3.6] inspite of using new needle and syringe 44 (67.7%) positive [OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.3–3.7] and vaccination in the government healthcare facilities 46 (70.7 %) positive with [OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.4–6.4]. These factors were not significant in anti-HCV positive cases. Conclusion There is a need to educate general population regarding HBV and HCV infection and risks associated with inappropriate therapeutic injections. Hepatitis B vaccine should be administered to all newborns regardless of maternal HBsAg status

The Evaluation of Geotechnical Properties of Precambrian Hazara Slates, Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

The fold and thrust belt of the eastern Hazara division characterised the sedimentary rocks of Precambrian toPaleocene age. The sequence and formation of Precambrian signify the oldest rock unit as Hazara Slate. Geologicalmap of the study area was prepared at the scale of 1:75,000 for about 140 square kilometre area located inMuzaffarabad (Azad Kashmir) district and Lohargali of Abbottabad (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) district. The lab analysisshows that it is not rational to use Hazara slates as aggregate material due to its mineral accumulation and composition.Los Angele’s Abrasion Value, Impact Value, Crushing Value, Specific Gravity, Water Absorption, Flakiness Index,Elongation Index, Porosity Value, California Bearing Ratio test and Grain Size Analysis were done and co-related withB.S standards and the parameters were deduced. It was observed that the mineral composition of Hazara Slates rangesfor illite, kaolinite, quartz and carbonate. Kaolinite and illite are clay minerals which haveswelling potential to causeconstruction material damage the material. The presence of Carbonate and Quartz gives strength to the material, but itspercentage is low. Reserves calculation of different localities was also done for the quarry development

Bicompartmental decompressive craniectomy: Report of two cases

A recent study of randomized controlled trials showed favorable outcomes with use of decompressive craniectomy in managing and treating uncontrolled intracranial pressures accompanied with cerebral edema due to trauma. We present the details of bicompartmental decompressive craniectomy on two patients who presented with severe head trauma of supra- and infratentorial pathologies. The surgical management techniques and long-term follow-up are discussed in detail

Pattern of Angulations and Common Indications for Extraction of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar at KMU-Institute of Dental Sciences, Kohat

Background: The extraction of an impacted mandibular third molar (MTM), with associated pathologies or clinical manifestations is an important and one of the most frequent decisions in dentistry. The angle formed by the longitudinal axis of second and third molar is used to determine angulation of impacted MTM. The aim of this study was to identify the pattern of angulations of impacted mandibular third molar and common indications for extraction associated with these angulations.Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Khyber Medical University Institute of Dental Sciences, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) from November 2017 to July 2018. A total of 349 patients presenting with impacted mandibular third molars were included in this study. Name, age, gender, address, the angulation of the impacted tooth and the indication for extraction of the impacted tooth were recorded. Data comprising of qualitative and quantitative variables were analyzed using SPSS version 17.Results: Out of 349 patients, 206 were male and 143 females, with the male to female ratio of 1.4:1. The age range of the patients was from 18 years to 60 years with a mean age of 26 ± 6 years. The most common age group with impacted third molar was ≤ 25 years followed by 26 to 30 years’ age group. The most common angulation was mesioangular followed by vertical, horizontal and distoangular impacted mandibular third molar. Pericoronitis was the most common indication for extraction in all angulations except horizontal impaction where root resorption of the second molar was more common.Conclusion: Mesioangular is the most common angulation in impacted mandibular third molars. Pericoronitis is the main indication for all angulations of impacted mandibular third molars except horizontal angulation, occurring mostly in the third decade of life

Assistive Technology Empowering Individuals with Disabilities

TAC is an inclusive enabler technology that helps people with disabilities to function through personal assistance technology and gears. Enablement with assistive technology (AT) improves the independence, interaction and community involvement of persons with disability. This study looks at AT to determine the uses, pros, and cons to embrace the technology. Thus, the method and framework cover a survey of 100 persons with disabilities from three setting hospitals in Pakistan namely, Pakistan institute of Medical Science (Pims), Poly Clinic Hospital and Holy Family Hospital person’s disabled preferred AT device through close ended questionnaires and interviews of thirty AT users and five industry experts. The present study finds that 82% of the participants found extended degree of independence and productivity with the use of AT, while the 76% said that there was enhanced communication and mobility. The use of progressive interfaces including artificial intelligent based communication equipment and virtually connected tools were closely associated with the management of complex disabilities. Still, issues like cost, awareness, and availability remain the main inhibitors to the broad use of the systems. However, there are some problems have been observed that include high cost, low awareness, and physical access which in one way or another hinder the adoption of the framework fully. The results show that IT should extend to the design of assistive technologies, costs should be kept as low as possible, and that public health campaigns should be concentrated on the potential of AT. This research is thus ended by calling for a multisectoral effort towards hoping that, assistive technology remains a viable and accessible tool for individuals with disability

Impact of China Pakistan Economic Corridor on Local Economy and Tourism Development: Case of Hunza, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

This study is aimed to analyze the role of tourism in affecting the local economy of Hunza. The Structural Equation Modeling was applied for knowing the local people perception about CPEC projects and their effect on tourism economy development. In addition, descriptive statistics tools using STAT 12 have been used for the data analysis and prior to analysis, Cronbach’s alpha test was used to check reliability of various items of the questionnaire. The data werecollected from students, retailers, hotel owners, tour operators and travel agents. Results reveal that according to the respondents, CPEC is a game changer for the economy. In addition, there is significant effect of CPEC projects on the tourism development in Hunza. Results of the study also revealed that CPEC projects have negative effect on environment and local culture

Impact of Length and Percent Dosage of Recycled Steel Fibers on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete

The global rapid increase in waste tyres accumulation, as well as the looming social and environmental concerns, have become major threats in recent times. The use of Recycled Steel Fiber (RSF) extracted from waste tyres in fiber reinforced concrete can be of great profitable engineering applications however the choice of suitable length and volume fractions of RSF is presently the key challenge that requires research exploration. The present experimental work aims at investigating the influence of varying lengths (7.62 and 10.16 cm) and dosages (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4%) of RSF on the various mechanical properties and durability of concrete. Test results revealed that the varying lengths and dosages of RSF significantly affect the mechanical properties of concrete. The improvements in the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and Modulus of Rupture (MOR) of RSF reinforced concrete observed were about 26, 70, and 63%, respectively. Moreover, the RSF reinforced concrete showed an increase of about 20 and 15% in the yield load and ultimate load-carrying capacity, respectively. The durability test results showed a greater loss in compressive strength and modulus of elasticity and a smaller loss in concrete mass of SFRC. Based on the experimental findings of this study, the optimum dosages of RSF as 2.5 and 2% for the lengths 7.62 and 10.16 cm lengths, respectively are recommended for production of structural concrete. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091750 Full Text: PD

Gemmological Characteristics of Gemstone Varieties Found in the Pegmatite of Haramosh Area, Gilgit-Baltistan

Haramosh valley is located in eastern side of Gilgitcity (Fig. 1). Geographically it is located between74°44' 17.37 " E and 35° 51 '8.97 " N. The area is asub range of Karakoram in the south-central region ofthe Rakaposhi–Haramosh mountains. Haramosh valleyis famous for its gemstones which are well known inthe world. The first gem mine was discovered in 1951in the area of Haramosh valley in Gilgit. Theprominent four localities of gem-bearing pegmatitesoccur in the vicinity of the Haramosh peak, Shengusalong Indus river, Haramosh Bulachi village, and thesetting of Khaltoro pasture. Along with glaciers,Hindukush Karakorum and Himalayan ranges host avariety of precious stones (Agheem et al., 2014). Inrecent decade Haramosh valley received moreattention because of the occurrence of a variety ofgems in pegmatite veins. Gemstone varieties related topegmatites are also found in other parts of GilgitBaltistan, like Shigar, Shengus, and Stuk Nala (Kazmiet al., Laurs et al., 1998).Pegmatites are found widelyin Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan within the mountain rangesof Karakoram (Laurs et al. 1998). These macroliticpegmatite’s are mainly associated with leucogranites inHaramosh Massif, which is famous for recent rapiduplift (Laurs et al., 1998; Zeitler 1985). Variouscrystals of topaz, tourmaline, beryl, and quartz arebeing mined from these macrolitic pegmatite’s (Laurset al., 1998). Famous tourmaline crystal (10cm) ofPakistan is found in Stuk Nala of Nanga ParbatHaramosh Massif (Laurs et al., 1998)